环境低温对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒感染小鼠致病性的影响

旨在分析环境低温对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒感染小鼠致病性的影响。选用120只6~8周龄,雄性SPF BALB/c小鼠,随机分为4组:无感染常温组(PBS处理,(20±2)℃)、无感染低温组(PBS处理,(10±2)℃)、H9N2病毒感染常温组(H9N2处理,(20±2)℃)、H9N2病毒感染低温组(H9N2处理,(10±2)℃)。在感染后观察感染小鼠发病14 d内的临床症状、存活率,肺脏病变程度、肺部细胞因子含量的动态变化以及肺脏病毒载量。结果表明:1)与H9N2病毒感染常温组小鼠相比,环境低温处理的H9N2病毒感染小鼠临床症状明显加重,其中体重明显降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05),存活率由95%降为67%,肺水肿程度和肺组织病变程度更加严重;2)H9N2病毒感染低温组与H9N2病毒感染常温组相比,肺脏TNF-a和IL-1β含量无显著差异,但均显著高于2个无感染组(P<0.01);3)H9N2病毒感染低温组与H9N2病毒感染常温组相比,肺组织病毒载量显著增加(P<0.01)。综上,环境低温明显增加了H9N2亚型流感病毒对小鼠的致病性,为进一步揭示环境低温与流感病毒感染之间的关系,以及采取有效的预防措施提供数据基础。     

重金属铊胁迫下水稻（Oryza sativa L.）根系草酸含量与铊吸收的关系

铊（Tl）作为一种非必需、高毒性重金属元素,会干扰植物的正常发育,并在食物链中引起严重的毒性积累。根系分泌有机酸在抗重金属污染中起着重要作用。为研究铊胁迫下的植物根系有机酸分泌特征与重金属吸收的关系,利用水培法对Tl胁迫下水稻（Oryza sativa L.）植株草酸分泌和Tl分布特征进行检测和分析,研究不同抑制剂对水稻草酸含量及Tl含量的影响,并分析水稻内部草酸含量与Tl吸收及分布的相关性。结果显示,Tl胁迫浓度从10 μmol·L^-1提高到25 μmol·L^-1,水稻根系外分泌的草酸量呈上升趋势;但随着铊胁迫时间的延长,草酸分泌量又逐渐减少。阴离子通道抑制剂苯基乙二醛（PG）和尼氟酸（NIF）显著抑制根系外泌草酸含量,NIF的抑制作用强于PG。根比叶积累更多的Tl,其中根细胞质是储存Tl的主要部位。水稻根系内草酸含量与植株Tl含量呈极显著正相关（r=0.923,P<0.01),表明水稻根系内部草酸含量对水稻植株耐受Tl具有重要作用。     

种植密度对转Bt棉纤维杀虫蛋白表达量及氮代谢的影响

为了探讨种植密度对转基因抗虫棉纤维中杀虫(Bt)蛋白表达量的影响及其氮代谢机制,以Bt棉常规种泗抗1号和Bt棉杂交种泗抗3号为试验材料,比较1.5×10⁴、3.0×10⁴、4.5×10⁴、6.0×10⁴、7.5×10⁴ 株·hm^-2五个种植密度下转Bt棉杀虫蛋白表达量及其氮代谢的差异。结果表明,纤维中Bt蛋白表达量随种植密度增大呈上升趋势。相关分析表明,单株铃数、单铃体积、单铃干重与Bt蛋白表达量均呈显著负相关。纤维中氮代谢生理相关指标中,可溶性蛋白含量及谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)和谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)活性随种植密度的增大而升高,但游离氨基酸含量、蛋白酶和肽酶活性随密度增大而下降。纤维中Bt蛋白表达量与可溶性蛋白含量、GPT和GOT活性呈显著正相关,而与游离氨基酸含量、蛋白酶和肽酶活性呈显著负相关。可见,提高种植密度降低了棉铃生长,但提高了纤维中Bt蛋白的表达量,且Bt蛋白表达量的提高与植株氮代谢生理密切相关。因此,在生产中通过协调种植密度既可以保持棉铃适度发育,又有利于提高棉纤维中Bt蛋白的表达量,为提高Bt棉产量器官抗虫性提供栽培基础。     

坛紫菜自由丝状体对无机碳的利用

Free-living Porphyra haitanensis conchocelis was cultured under continual light,then it was treated with Van,DIDS and SITS,the inhibitors of inorganic carbon utilization,to study the mechanism of inorganic carbon utilization in the conchocelis.The results indicate that Van inhibits the utilization of inorganic carbon most,with a rate of 71.3%,and the rates of DIDS and SITS are relatively lower,42% and 35.5% respectively.The inhibition rate of Az is 25.3%,which indicates the external CA is not an important part of its inorganic carbon uptake.A complementary conclusion is that the main part of inorganic carbon absorption in P.haitanensis conchocelis is through active transport of HCO3^- and CO2.     

散鳞镜鲤、团头鲂及其杂交F1肌肉营养成分的比较

采用生化分析方法对散鳞镜鲤、团头鲂及其杂交F1肌肉的营养成分进行了测定并比较。结果表明，交杂种F1肌肉中的水分含量为77．89％、灰分含量为5．52％，均低于亲本；脂肪含量为4．77％，高于团头鲂，低于散鳞镜鲤；F1的氨基酸含量为77．89％，低于双亲，但大多成分含量与散鳞镜鲤相当。在总体水平上，杂交种品质得到初步的改良。     

The effects of variation in feed protein level on the culture of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in low-water exchange experimental ponds

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying dietary protein level on pond water quality and production parameters of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone). Experimental units consisted of nine 400‐m² earthen ponds with a low water exchange. Two treatments were tested: treatment HP consisted of shrimp fed a high‐protein diet (40%) during the whole grow‐out, and treatment LP consisted of the use of a low‐protein diet for the complete farming period. No differences on any of the water quality parameters were observed among treatments. Excellent survival (over 85%) and feed conversion ratios (around 1.6), and acceptable growth (over 12 g) and biomass (from 1721 to 1793 kg ha^?1) were recorded in all experimental ponds. No significant differences in any of the production parameters were found among treatment groups.     

Feed discrimination and selection in self-fed European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L.

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate feed discrimination and preference of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L., taking into account the effects of feed location, previous feeding experience and light conditions. Fish (63 g) were held in tanks and exposed to a 12L:12D photoperiod and ambient temperature. The following feeding practices were applied in triplicate: three‐choice feeding (self‐ feeding with feeds formulated for carnivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous fish rotated on a weekly basis) and monofeeding (self‐feeding with one of these feeds). After 9 weeks (phase I), fish previously held in monofeeding, were subjected to three‐choice feeding for 2 weeks (phase II). In phase I, fish discriminated between feeds after their rotational displacements and preferred the feed formulated for carnivorous species. This also supported the best growth. Fish used in phase II preferred the same feed. There was no preference for any location within tanks. Feeding was generally diurnal, although in some tests with the feeds for herbivores and omnivores, diurnal and nocturnal feed demands were similar and fewer in number than with the feed formulated for carnivores.     

Reduction of transport stress of ayu by obligated schooling

We investigated stress responses of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis under the hypothesis that overcrowding during transport can be a stressor and the stress predisposes fish to disease by decline in immunocompetence. The extent of stress response was determined under different fish densities. As inferred from the serum concentration of cortisol 1 day after the treatment, the density at more than 23 kg/m³, which was within the range of normal transporting procedures, acutely evoked intense stress responses. To examine a possible way to reduce the stress response of fish under crowding conditions, we compared two fish groups established in water tanks with circulating (whirling) and turbulent currents at the same density. The cortisol levels 1 day after the treatment were 2.5-fold higher in turbulent current than in whirling current. Fish in whirling current formed a school, while those in turbulent current aggregated with each other. Schooling of fish induced by water flow may reduce their stress responses during transport. A transport system with a directional water flow should keep fish in good condition without reducing the number of fish contained.