大连地区几种食用贝类药物残留的检测

本文应用化学发光免疫法检测技术检测了大连地区几种食用贝类（海湾扇贝Argopectens irradias、文蛤Meretrix meretrix、青柳蛤Mactra chinenesis、菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum和魁蚶Anadara uropygimelana）体内呋喃唑酮酶、氯霉素酶、恩诺沙星和有机磷的残留。结果表明,所检测的贝类体内均有不同含量的上述几种药物残留,但其残留量均在食用卫生标准的控制下,符合食品卫生安全标准。     

Detection of Different Serotypes of Salmonella enterica in Experimentally Inoculated Equine Fecal Samples by Commercially Available Rapid Tests

Background

Salmonella enterica can significantly impact management of animal facilities. Comprehensive screening is essential for effective control in high‐risk populations. Availability of reliable point‐of‐care diagnostic tests would facilitate these efforts.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Compare the ability of commercially available rapid diagnostic assays (2 lateral flow immunoassays [LFIs], DNA hybridization [DNAH], real‐time PCR [qPCR]), and culture to detect common serotypes of S. enterica in feces.

Animals

n/a.

Methods

In an experimental study, 112 S. enterica isolates were randomly selected from the 10 most common serotypes recovered at a veterinary hospital. Archived isolates were amplified in broth and standardized inocula (100 colony forming units) were incubated with equine feces in tetrathionate broth (TET). Cultures were tested in a blinded fashion by using LFIs, DNAH, qPCR, and culture.

Results

The LFIs detected 84% and 67% of isolates, respectively, but reactivity varied among serotypes. Both reacted poorly with serotype Cerro (Group K) isolates, and 1 LFI did not react with any serotype Mbandaka (Group C1) or Montevideo (Group C1) isolates. DNAH detected 94% of isolates, whereas culture and qPCR most reliably detected all serotypes. False‐positive results were obtained for 4 negative controls by using DNAH and 1 negative control by using qPCR, but LFIs and culture had no false‐positive results.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Culture, qPCR, and DNAH were effective in detecting most Salmonella isolates, but have limited application at point‐of‐care settings. LFIs are appealing as point‐of‐care tests because of low cost and ease of use, but limited detection of some serotypes needs to be evaluated with samples obtained from naturally infected animals.     

Evaluation of a Commercially Available Human Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Turbidimetric Immunoassay for Determination of Feline SAA Concentration

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein in cats likely to be useful for diagnosing and monitoring inflammatory diseases, especially if rapid, reliable and automated assays can be made available. A commercially available automated human SAA turbidimetric immunoassay (SAA-TIA) was evaluated for determination of SAA in cats. Intra-assay and inter-assay imprecisions were in the ranges 2.1–9.9% and 7.0–12.5%, respectively, and without significant inaccuracy. Eighty-eight cats were divided into groups according to (A) the presence or absence of an acute-phase response (APR) (n = 23 and 65, respectively) and (B) clinical diagnosis (clinically healthy cats, cats diagnosed with inflammatory/infectious diseases, endocrine/metabolic diseases, neoplastic diseases, and miscellaneous disorders (n=43, 13, 8, 4 and 20, respectively)). The observed SAA concentrations were, as expected, different for (A) cats with and without an APR and (B) cats with inflammatory/infectious diseases compared to other diagnostic groups, except neoplastic diseases. In conclusion, the SAA concentration in cats could be measured reliably using the commercially available TIA designed for measuring human SAA, which should facilitate implementation of the parameter for routine diagnostic purposes. Hansen, A.E., Schaap, M.K. and Kjelgaard-Hansen, M., 2006. Evaluation of a commercially available human serum amyloid A (SAA) turbidimetric immunoassay for determination of feline SAA concentration. Veterinary Research Communications, 30(8), 863–872     

Rapid development of polyclonal antisera against infectious salmon anaemia virus and its optimization and application as a diagnostic tool

Infectious salmon anaemia is an important disease of Atlantic salmon. One of the current methods of diagnosis is the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using a monoclonal antibody specific to the haemagglutinin of the virus. The conformationally dependent nature of this antibody could be a drawback in its usefulness in other tests. This study describes the development and optimization of a polyclonal antiserum against infectious salmon anaemia virus, including a method of separating virus from cell culture components within culture supernatant. The antiserum was subsequently optimized for use in a variety of immunological diagnostic tests, including IFAT and an alkaline phosphatase-based immunoassay, and Western blot.     

兽药残留免疫检测技术应用进展

免疫检测技术（Immunoassays,IAs)是利用抗原与抗体在体外的特异性反应建立起来的检测技术。兽药属于小分子物质（MW＜1000D），没有免疫原性，必须与大分子物质交联成人工抗原才能获得免疫原性。本文从兽药人工抗原的制备、抗体的制备、免疫检测方法的建立等三个方面对免疫技术在兽药残留检测的应用进行了综述，并展望了兽药免疫检测技术的发展趋势和前景。     

Development of enzyme immunoassay for chromogranin A (CgA) and profiling of plasma CgA concentrations in the cow

The objectives of this study were to establish and characterize a homologous immunoassay for bovine chromogranin A (bCgA) and to profile plasma bCgA concentrations during early pregnancies. We synthesized oligopeptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 341–355 of bCgA for immunizing rabbits and peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 336–365 of bCgA for both a biotinylated tracer and reference standards. Recombinant bCgA protein was also generated in Escherichia coli lysate. Dose-dependent displacement curves were obtained from 1 to 1,000 nM of the reference standards. The displacement curves showed a good relationship between the reference standards of the synthetic peptide and the serially diluted plasma sample or recombinant bCgA protein generated in the present study. The assay sensitivity defined as the value of two standard deviations below the zero standard was calculated as 0.46 nM. The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were 6.48% and 13.4%, respectively. Changes in the plasma bCgA concentrations in early pregnancies undulated in nonpregnant animals. The results of the present study suggest that assaying plasma bCgA concentrations could be utilized as measures to evaluate the physiological status of cattle.     

磺胺甲噁唑的控温相变免疫分析

将已制备的抗磺胺甲噁唑（SMX）单克隆抗体（AbSMX）与温度敏感水凝胶（pNIPA）偶联形成水凝胶复合物（pNIPA—AbSMX），用异硫氰基荧光素（FITC）标记的抗原（FITC-AgSMX）和游离半抗原SMX竞争地与有限量的AbSMX和pNIPA—AbSMX反应，根据水凝胶相变温度以上免疫复合物沉淀的特性进行分离，结合接原抗体免疫反应测定SMX，建立了一种检测SMX的控温相变免疫分析方法。结果表明，SMX浓度在0．1ng／mL-100μg／mL范围内有良好的线性关系，60％抑制率时灵敏度为0．03μg／mL。     

吖啶酯偶联单克隆抗体建立化学发光法检测黄曲霉毒素B1

[目的] 建立快速检测黄曲霉毒素B₁（aflatoxin B₁,AFB₁）的方法。[方法] 将吖啶酯（acridinium ester,AE）与AFB₁单克隆抗体进行体外化学合成,分别合成了吖啶酯∶AFB₁单克隆抗体摩尔比为5∶1、10∶1、15∶1、20∶1、25∶1的吖啶酯标记AFB₁单克隆抗体（AFB₁-AE）,分析了不同摩尔比的检测效果,选择吖啶酯∶AFB₁单克隆抗体为25∶1的AFB₁-AE偶联物建立化学发光免疫分析法（chemiluminescence immunoassay,CLIA）。[结果] 获得对应的标准曲线回归方程为：y=-0.245Ln（x）+ 1.578 1,R²=0.985 7,IC₅₀=81.48 pg/mL;对样品进行加标回收实验,加标回收率88.4%~106.0%,变异系数0.92%~2.10%。[结论] 将吖啶酯与AFB₁单克隆抗体体外交联,可建立新的化学发光免疫分析方法。     

对硫磷半抗原改造及其免疫抗体

将对硫磷代谢类似物进行了改造 ,以重氮化方法使之分别与牛血清蛋白 (BSA)、卵清蛋白 (OVA)载体蛋白连接 ,并分别作为免疫原与包被原进行抗血清制备及ELISA试验 ,结果产生了特异性抗体。在对硫磷的标准抑制曲线中 ,当pH 7 4时 ,I50 为 5 2ng·mL-1,检测限可低于 0 1ng·mL-1。交叉试验表明 :产生的特异性抗体与对硫磷反应明显 ,与其代谢的初级产物有交叉反应 ,与结构类似物 4硝基苯酚及其他类似物交叉反应不明显 ,与甲基对硫磷的交叉反应亦不明显