氨苯磺胺免疫荧光分析方法的建立

通过重氮化法将SN与人血清白蛋白(HSA)偶联制备全抗原SN-HSA,用全抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,制备了抗SN的多克隆抗体(AbSN),AbSN与温度敏感水凝胶偶联形成水凝胶复合物(pNIPA-AbSN),全抗原(AgSN)与异硫氰基荧光素偶联形成荧光复合物(FITC-AgSN).FITC-AgSN和游离半抗原SN竞争性地与有限量的水凝胶复合物pNIPA-AbSN反应.根据水凝胶相变温度以上免疫复合物沉淀的特性进行分离,结果表明,该法对SN测定的线性范围在1 ng/mL～100 μg/mL,50%抑制率时检出限为60.45 ng/mL.     

液相色谱-质谱法分析禽蛋中的苏丹红

建立了禽蛋中苏丹红的液相色谱-质谱联用（LC—MS）检测方法。液相色谱柱为Waters SunfireTM C18150mm×2．1mm，3．5μm，柱温30℃，流动相A为乙腈，B为0．2％甲酸和乙腈的混合溶液，梯度洗脱，流速0．25mL／min；质谱选择电喷雾离子源（ESI^＋）。此条件下苏丹红Ⅰ和苏丹红Ⅱ的线性范围是0．1—500μg／L，检测限0．1μg／kg；苏丹红Ⅲ和苏丹红Ⅳ的线性范围是0．5—500μg／L，检测限0．5μg／kg。四种苏丹红的回收率为60％-80％。     

9种抗菌药物对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌体外抗菌活性研究

采用试管二倍稀释法，测定了9种抗菌药物对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的体外抗菌活性（MIC和MBC）。结果表明氨苄西林、阿莫西林和诺氟沙星对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的MIC均为0．125μg／mL，诺氟沙星MBC为0．5μg／mL，氨苄西林和阿莫西林的MBC都为1．0μg／mL。氟苯尼考、替米考星和卡那霉素对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的MIC分别为：0．5、2和2μg／mL。     

头孢喹肟对大肠杆菌防突变浓度的测定

采用标准琼脂二倍稀释法测定了头孢喹肟对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度;用肉汤法富集了大肠杆菌;用琼脂稀释法测定了头孢喹肟对大肠杆菌的暂定防突变浓度（MPCPr）及防突变浓度（MPC）。结果显示,头孢喹肟对大肠杆菌标准株（ATCC25922）的MIC和MIC99分别为0．125μg／mL和0．1μg／mLMPCPr和MPC分别为0．5μg／mL和0．256μg／mL,MPC／MIC99比值为2．56。头孢喹肟对50株大肠杆菌临床分离株的MIC90和MPC90分别为0．2μg／mL和0．8μg／mL,MPC90／MIC90比值为4。说明头孢喹肟限制大肠杆菌耐药突变的能力很强,ATCC25922的选择指数（SI）仅为2．56,临床分离株的SI为4。     

奶牛血液中蓖麻碱含量的HPLC检测

建立了血液中蓖麻碱残留量的高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测法。用三氯甲烷提取蓖麻碱，除去蛋白质和脂肪后，用HPLC法对其进行测定。采用Hypersil ODSC C18色谱柱（250mm×4．6mm，25μm），水-乙腈（9：1，V/V）为流动相，流速0．8mL／min，检测波长为220nm。结果显示，在0．26—5．2μg范围内，蓖麻碱峰面积与质量的线性关系良好，回归方程为y=1．57×10^4 x-4．93×10^5，r=0．999，RSD=3．82％。牛血中蓖麻碱平均回收率为72．1％，RSD为2．54％（n=5）。饲喂蓖麻粕的牛血液中蓖麻碱的含量为0．512μg／mL。     

RP—HPLC法同时测定白头翁汤中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀的含量

目的：建立反向高效液相色谱方法同时测定白头翁汤中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀的含量。方法：色谱柱为XPODS—AC。。（250minx4．6mm,5I．Lm）;采用线性梯度洗脱方法,流动相：溶液A为乙腈,溶液B为O．05mol／L磷酸二氢钾（磷酸调pH值至3．0）。0—40min溶液A：溶液B为5：95—45：55;流速：1．0mL／min;柱温：室温;检测器：DAD检测器;检测波长：340nm;进样量：10μL。结果：盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱和盐酸巴马汀分别在62．5-l000μg／mL、46．875—750μg／mL和37．5—600μg／mL范围内线性良好;平均加样回收率分别为99．22％（RSD为3．25％）、98．46％（RSD为1．99％）和99．20％（RSD为1．69％）。结论：本方法简便、灵敏、准确,适用于白头翁汤的质量控制。     

直接竞争ELISA法快速检测动物源性食品中磺胺嘧啶残留

采用重氮化-偶联法将磺胺嘧啶（SD）与人血清白蛋白（HSA）相连制备了免疫抗原SD—HSA,与卵清白蛋白（OVA）相连制备了包被抗原SD—OVA,用过碘酸钠法将SD—OVA与辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）连接制备了酶标抗原（SD—OVA—HRP）。用SD—HSA免疫BALB／c小鼠,经融合、筛选和克隆化制备了单克隆抗体,利用单抗建立了直接竞争ELISA方法。该方法具有好的特异性,在1—729ng／mL浓度范围标准曲线方程Y=12．05x＋2．2538,R^2=0．995,IC50为41．7ng／mL,在猪肉、鸡肉、鸡肝、鸡蛋、牛奶中的检测限分别为20、20、20、5、5μg/kg。在20μg／kg和100μg／kg水平猪肉、鸡肉、鸡肝、牛奶、鸡蛋样品中添加,回收率为82．78％-104．6％。与高效液相色谱方法比较,二者的阳性符合率为81．3％,阴性符合率为83．3％,总符合率为88．9％;与同类英国RANDOX试剂盒比较,二者符合率为100％。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中的黄曲霉素B1

试验建立了免疫亲和色谱-高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定饲料中黄曲霉素B1，采用甲醇-水提取饲料中的黄曲霉素B1，用免疫亲和色谱柱净化，以甲醇和水为流动相，反相高效液相色谱荧光检测法进行测定，激发波长为365nm，发射波长为435nm。方法的检测限为0．01μg／kg，定量限为0．03μg／kg，平均回收率为77．5％，变异系数为0．03％。     

mC3d3-DINHα（1～32）基因免疫对大鼠卯泡发育和生殖激素的影响

选择32只60日龄雌性性成熟大鼠分为4组，分别肌肉注射pcDNA-DPPISS-DINH（试验组1）50μg，poD—NA—DPPISS-DINH—mC3d3（试验组2）50μg，空载体pcDNA3．1（对照组1）50μg，生理盐水（对照组2）1mL。首次免疫20、40d后各组分别同剂量同样免疫程序加强免疫注射1次。结果发现，试验1和2组卵巢的重量都显著高于对照组1和2，但试验1和2组之间的差异不显著（P〉0．05）；试验2组卵巢成熟卵泡发育个数和FSH的浓度显著高于试验1组和对照1和2组（P〈0．05）；加强免疫第40天，试验1、2组的E1的浓度分别显著高于本试验组免疫前第0天，免疫后第20天的激素浓度；试验组与对照组在各个免疫试验时间LH的浓度在统计上差并不显著（P〉0．05）。结果证明，应用重组抑制素真核表达质粒pcDNA-DPPISS-DINH—mC3d3（试验组2）免疫动物可以促进大鼠卵泡的发育，可提高血浆FSH、E2水平，为抑制素基因免疫大动物提供了试验依据。     

高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯溶液的含量

建立了癸氧喹酯溶液含量测定的高效液相色谱方法。采用Zorbax Eclipse C18色谱柱（4．6mm×150mm,5μm）,以甲醇-乙腈-冰乙酸（45：55：0．1）溶液（用三乙胺调pH值至7．0,每1000mL再加入1．0g硝酸钙）为流动相,检测波长267nm,流速为1．0mL/min,外标法定量。该方法最低检测限为0．05g／mL,在1—100μg／mL浓度范围内线性关系良好（r^2=0．9999）,平均回收率99．67％,可用于癸氧喹酯溶液的含量测定。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.