银耳菌肉悬浮饮料的研究

以多糖浸出量为指标,对银耳、竹荪的浸提工艺进行优化研究,获得最佳浸提参数为：银耳浸提时间3 h,温度90℃,料水比1︰100;竹荪浸提时间3 h,温度100℃,料水比1︰110。对银耳菌肉悬浮饮料配制工艺进行优化,获得最佳参数为：银耳浸提液40 mL、竹荪浸提液30 mL、枸杞浸提液10 mL、红枣浸提液10 mL、蔗糖8.000 g/100mL、葡萄糖0.150 g/100mL、柠檬酸0.100 g/100mL、食盐0.030 g/100mL、银耳菌肉颗粒为先去除过45目筛的小颗粒后,再过40目筛的颗粒、投入量0.300 g/100mL、煮制时间20 min、黄原胶0.010 g/100mL和羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）0.003 g/100mL复配增稠剂,接受性检验结果表明,制成的饮料风味和口感俱佳。小鼠免疫试验结果表明,小鼠脾指数、胸腺指数、巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数均显著提高,初步证明银耳菌肉悬浮饮料有提高免疫功能的作用。     

Emerging frontier technologies for food safety analysis and risk assessment

Access to security and safe food is a basic human necessity and essential for a sustainable world. To perform hi-end food safety analysis and risk assessment with state of the art technologies is of utmost importance thereof. With applications as exemplified by microfluidic immunoassay,aptasensor,direct analysis in real time,high resolution mass spectrometry,benchmark dose and chemical specific adjustment factor,this review presents frontier food safety analysis and risk assessment technologies,from which both food quality and public health will benefit undoubtedly in a foreseeable future.     

Distribution of apple stem grooving virus and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus in infected in vitro pear shoots

The distribution patterns of Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) in in vitro-cultured pear plants were investigated using in situ tissue-printing hybridization (TPH) and tissue blotting immunoassay (TBIA) to detect viral RNAs and coating proteins. Both ASGV and ACLSV showed high concentrations in the tip of the pear shoots and lower concentrations in the middle stem. The highest viral RNA titers were found in the phloem parenchyma of vascular bundles. Monitoring of viral RNA concentrations was conducted on infected in vitro-cultured pear plants during thermotherapy using TPH combined with X-ray film exposure in serial cross sections. No viral RNA of ACLSV or ASGV was detected in less than 2 mm and 0.5 mm long tips, respectively. The heat treatment was less effective to reduce virus titers in the bottom shoot. The obtained results would assist in the selection of tips with proper sizes from pear shoots pre- and post-thermotherapy for the production of virus-free pear plants by meristem culture.     

Quantification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in canine mammary tumours by ELISA assay: clinical and prognostic implications

The involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is well established in human breast cancer, however, in canine mammary tumours (CMT), including inflammatory mammary carcinomas (IMC), still needs to be clarified. Enzyme immune assay techniques were used for EGFR determinations in tumour tissue from 45 bitches with CMT and in normal mammary glands from eight control dogs. Higher tissue EGFR levels were found in CMT compared with controls (P < 0.05). In malignant CMT, tissue EGFR elevated concentrations were statistically significantly associated with tumour relapse and/or distant metastasis during follow‐up and with reduced disease‐free and overall survival times. The IMC cases had the highest tissue EGFR levels compared with other malignant non‐IMC tumours (P < 0.001). The results support the hypothesis that EGFR levels influence prognosis in malignant CMT, suggesting that EGFR may represent a therapeutic target in cases of high histological aggressiveness and especially in cases of metastatic phenotype and poor prognosis.     

丁草胺荧光偏振免疫分析——示踪物的合成与鉴定

【目的】为建立除草剂丁草胺的荧光偏振免疫检测方法,对关键试剂示踪物进行合成与鉴定。【方法】以异硫氰酸荧光素、乙二胺和己二胺为原料,合成了异硫氰酸荧光素乙二胺（EDF）和异硫氰酸荧光素己二胺（HDF）两种中间体,薄层层析法分离出目标产物,电喷雾电离质谱法鉴定;然后将5-氨基荧光素（AF）、EDF、HDF分别与丁草胺半抗原（BMPA）连接,得到3种不同间隔臂的示踪物（BMPA-AF,BMPA-EDF和BMPA-HDF）,利用抗血清稀释曲线测定抗血清效价,竞争抑制曲线测定不同示踪物检测灵敏度。【结果】3种示踪物合成成功,抗血清稀释曲线和竞争抑制曲线显示3种示踪物的抗血清效价分别为1/600、1/1500和1/600,半抑制浓度分别为1 292、433和298 ng&#8226;ml-1。【结论】合成出3种不同间隔臂的丁草胺示踪物,对示踪物的性质进行初步研究,为下一步建立丁草胺荧光偏振免疫分析方法奠定了基础。     

Enzyme immunoassay for atrazine analysis in water and soil

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been tested for the detection of atrazine in soil and water. EIA kits and atrazine-fortified samples were received from the International Atomic Energy Agency. Atrazine concentrations of about 0·01 μg litre^-1 could be detected and the central detection point was found at about 0·15 μg litre^-1 which is a reasonably sensitive region for atrazine. A validation study with spiked local water samples yielded acceptable results. No treatment was required for water samples. Extraction of atrazine from soil was done by simple shaking with methanol without any clean-up steps. Detection limits of 1×10^-2 μg litre^-1 for water and 5×10^-3 μg kg^-1 for soil were achieved. © 1998 SCI.     

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific to the chrysanthemic acid moiety of pyrethroid insecticides

Two polyclonal and two monoclonal antibodies raised against chrysanthemic acid (CAA) were prepared for ELISA of pyrethroid insecticides with the common CAA moiety. The monoclonal antibody KCA226 showed the highest reactivity towards allethrin among the antibodies in C-ELISA, although KCA226 was more sensitive to higher concentrations of methanol than the polyclonal antibodies in ELISA. KCA226 was reacted linearly with allethrin at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μg litre^-1 in 0·5% methanol and from 300 to 10000 μg litre^-1 in 30% methanol. KCA226 reacted specifically with the pyrethroid insecticides with the CAA moiety but was much less reactive with CAA itself. These results suggest that C-ELISA based on KCA226 is useful for the assay of pyrethroid residues with the common CAA moiety. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

免疫分析法在除草剂残留分析中的应用

文章介绍了农药残留免疫分析技术的原理、关键技术环节,综述了国内外除草剂残留免疫测定的研究动态。     

Comparison of a point-of-care serum amyloid A analyzer frequently used in equine practice with 2 turbidimetric immunoassays used in human and veterinary medicine

Rapid, accurate detection of serum amyloid A (SAA) is needed in equine practice. We validated a patient-side point-of-care (POC) assay (Stablelab; Zoetis) compared to the turbidimetric immunoassays LZ-SAA (TIA-Hum) and VET-SAA (TIA-Vet; both Eiken Chemical). Analytical performance was assessed at 3 different concentration ranges and with interferences. Inter-method comparison using 49 equine serum samples revealed a significant difference between median SAA results (p < 0.0001), with the strongest bias between the POC and TIA-Vet (median 1,093 vs. 578 mg/L). The median SAA value obtained with the TIA-Hum method was 752 mg/L. Correlation between POC/TIA-Hum and between POC/TIA-Vet was fair (r_s = 0.77 and 0.69) and excellent between both TIAs (r_s = 0.93). Bias between POC/TIA-Hum, POC/TIA-Vet, and TIA-Hum/TIA-Vet was −56.7%, –80.9%, and −28.2%, respectively. POC intra- and inter-assay CVs (16.1–30% and 19.8–35.5%) were higher than TIA CVs (generally <12%). Bilirubin and hemoglobin had a negative bias on POC and TIA-Vet results (−16.6 to −45.6%); addition of intralipid yielded a positive bias (35.9–77.4%). The POC had good linearity of SAA concentrations up to 10,312 mg/L (R² = 0.92). A hook effect was present at SAA >3,000 mg/L for the POC assay. Equine serum SAA was stable over a median period of 2.5 y when stored at −80°C. Overall, there was excellent-to-moderate correlation between tests, but imprecision and hook effect of the POC, as well as bias between the methods, must be considered.     

胶体金免疫层析试纸条法快速检测动物性食品中的氨苯砜

本研究以硝酸纤维素膜为固相载体,包被氨苯砜-OVA偶联物为检测带(T带),酶标羊抗兔二抗为质控带(C带)。依据免疫竞争法原理,建立了胶体金渗滤式试纸条快速检测动物性食品中氨苯砜的方法,最低检出限为20μg/L。样品前处理方法简单,在10min内即可目测判断结果。经高效液相色谱法验证,该方法可用。该方法操作简便、快速,适用于大批量临场动物性食品中氨苯砜残留的快速定性检测。