益生菌复合发酵料对断奶仔猪消化环境、血清生化指标和代谢激素水平的影响

为了探讨益生菌复合发酵料对断奶仔猪消化环境、血清生化指标和代谢激素水平的影响,选择遗传背景相似、平均体质量为(8.55±0.59)kg的断奶长×大仔猪120头,分为2个处理(对照组和试验组),每个处理6个重复,每个重复10头;对照组饲喂含抗生素的基础日粮,试验组饲喂90%无抗基础日粮+10%益生菌复合发酵料。分别在仔猪28、44和75日龄从每个重复中随机选择2头仔猪采血,进行血清生化和代谢激素指标检测,其中1头屠宰,进行胃肠液pH测定。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪胃肠液pH分别下降12.26%和9.11%;在44和75日龄,血清葡萄糖(GLU)浓度分别提高7.63%和3.93%,甘油三酯(TG)浓度分别提高25.71%和27.54%,尿素氮(BUN)浓度分别降低7.15%和5.85%,总蛋白(TP)质量浓度分别提高16.20%和15.91%,球蛋白(GLB)质量浓度分别提高87.40%和51.26%;白/球比(A/G)显著降低;试验组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性无显著变化,但AST/ALT的比值降低,并在75日龄达到显著水平;试验组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著低于对照组;试验组促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺激素(T4)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、胰岛素(INS)和生长激素(GH)的水平变化不显著,但除T4外,其他指标均呈上升趋势。结果表明,添加益生菌复合发酵饲料可以增强断奶仔猪营养素的合成代谢能力,促进营养素在体内的沉积,从而有利于断奶仔猪的生长,提高生产性能和机体免疫力。     

Faecal carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase(NDM) producing Escherichia coli between piglets and pig farmworkers

A cross-sectional study on five organized pig farms was conducted to assess the faecal carriage of ESBL and blaNDM carbapenemase-producing E. coli in piglets and pig farmworkers. Faecal samples from piglets (n = 155) and pig farmworkers (n = 21) were processed for isolation and characterization of E. coli. A total of 124 E. coli isolates from piglets and 21 E. coli isolates pig farmworkers were recovered and screening for ESBL production showed that 44.4 % (55/124) of the isolates from piglets and 42.9 % (9/21) of the isolates from farmworkers were ESBL positive. The ESBL positive isolates from piglets and farmworkers harbored blaCTX-M and also co-harbored other beta-lactams, sulphonamide, quinolone and tetracycline resistance genes. Diarrhoeic (50%, 49/98) and crossbred piglets (52.7%, 39/74) harbored a significantly higher number of ESBL producing isolates than non-diarrhoeic (23.1 %, 6/26) and purebred piglets (32%, 16/50) (p < 0.05). Piglets and pig farmworkers harbored nine and two carbapenem-resistant isolates, respectively. Interestingly, two isolates from piglets and one isolate from farmworkers harbored the blaNDM gene. The blaNDM positive E. coli isolated from piglets and farmworkers of the same farm revealed similar antibacterial resistance patterns, resistant genes, sequence (ST-167) and plasmid type (IncX3). In India, carbapenems are not used in food animal treatment, hence carbapenem resistant E. coli in piglets possibly originated from the human contact or common environment and is of public health importance.     

益生菌微胶囊化对仔猪生长性能及免疫功能的影响

目前,利用微胶囊包埋保护益生菌已成为研究热点。本试验采用挤压法,选择不同种类的壁材进行复配,通过对益生菌的微胶囊化,来保护其免受外界不利环境影响。结果表明:制备益生菌微胶囊的最佳工艺为海藻酸钠3%,明胶0.2%,氯化钙2%,搅拌速度800 r/min。将益生菌微胶囊添加到日粮中可以提高仔猪生产性能和免疫力,并且添加量为0.3%时效果最好。     

Effects of spray-dried animal plasma on the growth performance of weaned piglets—A review

Spray-dried animal plasma sourced from bovine, porcine or other animal origin is often used as a main feed ingredient in the diets of weanling piglets to improve growth performance. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of animal plasma in diets on the performance of piglets in the post-weaning period, with and/or without pathogenic challenge, by undertaking a meta-analysis. Data were extracted from peer-reviewed reports published in scientific journals. The average initial weight of the piglets was 5.8 kg and the average initial age 19 days (2–56 days). The average duration of feeding animal plasma was 40 days. Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found to be 22–28 g/day, 20–27 g/day and −0.28 to 0.06 g/g. Generally, diet supplemented with spray-dried bovine plasma (SDBP) improved the ADG of the piglets and spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) led to increases in the ADFI. For the first week post-weaning alone, as the dietary animal plasma percentage increased there was an increase in ADG and ADFI; similarly, the latter two measures increased as weaning age increased. The evidence suggests that mainly IgG present in animal plasma prevents the binding of pathogens to the gut wall and reduces the incidence of sub-clinical infection in the post-weaning stage. Animal plasma containing IgG appears to be a useful in-feed supplement for piglets in the post-weaning phase.     

仔猪腹泻的诊断及综合防治

所谓仔猪腹泻,指3月龄以内的仔猪以下痢为主要症状的疾病,病原复杂,2010年以来,仔猪腹泻在国内呈蔓延趋势,严重的阻碍了养猪业的发展,就微生物引起的传染性腹泻的诊断和防治方法总结归纳,并在此基础上,提出防控政策建议。     

日粮中添加蜂胶制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能和皮肤颜色的影响

试验旨在研究蜂胶在仔猪上的应用效果。试验采用90头杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪,随机分成对照组、试验1组、试验2组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组饲喂基础日粮+0.03%蜂胶制剂,试验2组饲喂基础+0.05%蜂胶制剂,试验期为30 d。结果表明,在日粮中添加蜂胶制剂能够明显提高仔猪的生产性能和皮肤颜色,降低仔猪腹泻率。     

水飞蓟残渣配合饲料对猪肉品质的影响

试验选用体重相近的"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪,随机分成2个组(组间差异不显著),每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。试验组中添加水飞蓟残渣,对照组添加土霉素,在试验实施中,其它的饲养条件和技术措施质量一致。结果表明:试验组十四烷酸、油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈油酸、十七烷酸、5,8,11,14-四烯二十烷酸、11-烷烯酸、花生酸、11,13-二烯二十烷酸含量都有所提高,且差异显著(P<0.05)。试验组棕榈酸比对照组减少了54.2%(P<0.01),从胆固醇含量的测定结果中,试验组比对照组降低9.1%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验说明,水飞蓟残渣配合饲料可替代抗生素配合饲料并比抗生素配合饲料更能改善猪肉品质。     

黄芪多糖对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为了分析黄芪多糖对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响,选择28日龄的杜大长三元杂交断奶仔猪108头,公母各半,体重接近。随机分为4组,每组27头,每组3圈,每圈9头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮中加入黄芪多糖200、500 mg/kg和1000 mg/kg,试验期28 d。结果表明:含黄芪多糖日粮对仔猪的日增重、营养物质消化率、料肉比及腹泻率均有所改善,添加组与对照组在腹泻率方面差异显著(P<0.05),其中以添加500mg/kg为宜。     

山西省猪致病性大肠杆菌血清型调查及耐药性监测

从山西省50多个规模化养猪场无菌采集疑似大肠杆菌病死仔猪心、肝、脾、肠系膜淋巴结以及可疑病猪的直肠内容物等病料,进行病原菌分离、生化试验、致病性试验、血清型鉴定及药物敏感试验。结果表明,从50多个养猪场中分离出69株致病性大肠杆菌,分属30个血清型,其中,主要流行血清型为O138,O101,O9,O119,O141。药敏试验结果表明,大肠杆菌致病菌株对头孢呋辛钠、头孢哌酮、头孢噻肟、磷霉素这4种抗生素高度敏感,而对青霉素、链霉素、磺胺嘧啶、利福平、痢菌净、红霉素、诺氟沙星、阿莫西林、氨苄青霉素、氯霉素、庆大霉素、强力霉素、罗红霉素、环丙沙星等药物的耐药性菌株比例在65%以上,说明山西地区猪致病性大肠杆菌血清型多样、耐药性强、耐药谱广。     

饲粮添加苏氨酸对伪狂犬病毒诱导的免疫应激仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响

本研究旨在观察饲粮中添加苏氨酸对伪狂犬病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)诱导的免疫应激仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响。试验选用30头平均体重为(6.94±1.26)kg健康的"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,采用3×2因子试验设计,饲粮中真可消化苏氨酸水平为0.74%、0.89%和1.11%;仔猪接受免疫应激(注射PRV弱毒苗)或不应激(注射灭菌生理盐水)处理。免疫应激仔猪于试验第8天早上注射PRV弱毒疫苗。试验期为21 d。结果表明:PRV的注射极显著提高了试验第21天血清PRV特异性抗体水平(P<0.01),表明PRV疫苗攻毒诱导免疫应激模型构建成功。PRV诱导的免疫应激有提高仔猪7～21 d的料重比的趋势(P<0.10),且显著提高了1～21 d的料重比(P<0.05),极显著提高了空肠隐窝深度(P<0.01),极显著降低了空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P<0.01),并引起十二指肠黏膜变性坏死脱落等形态学病变。饲粮添加苏氨酸能在一定程度上影响仔猪7～21 d和1～21 d的料重比(P<0.10),并有提高仔猪十二指肠绒毛高度的趋势(P<0.10),对十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度的影响与PRV诱导的免疫应激存在显著的互作效应(P<0.05),且能够缓解PRV诱导的免疫应激产生的肠道形态学病变。由以上的试验结果可知,饲粮添加苏氨酸能在一定程度上减缓PRV诱导的免疫应激带来的断奶仔猪生长性能下降和肠道损伤。