A Robertsonian translocation from Thinopyrum bessarabicum into bread wheat confers high iron and zinc contents

Development of wheat–alien translocation lines has facilitated practical utilization of alien species in wheat improvement. The production of a compensating Triticum aestivum–Thinopyrum bessarabicum whole‐arm Robertsonian translocation (RobT) involving chromosomes 6D of wheat and 6E^b of Th. bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14, E^bE^b) through the mechanism of centric breakage–fusion is reported here. An F₂ population was derived from plants double‐monosomic for chromosome 6D and 6E^b from crosses between a DS6E^b(6D) substitution line and bread wheat cultivar ‘Roushan’ (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) as female parent. Eighty F₂ genotypes (L1–L80) were screened for chromosome composition. Three PCR‐based Landmark Unique Gene (PLUG) markers specific to chromosomes 6D and 6E^b were used for screening the F₂ plants. One plant with a T6E^bS.6DL centric fusion (RobT) was identified. A homozygous translocation line with full fertility was recovered among F₃ families and verified with genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Grain micronutrient analysis showed that the DS6E^b(6D) substitution line and T6E^bS.6DL stock have higher Fe and Zn contents than the recipient wheat cultivar ‘Roushan’.     

Multiplex PCR genotyping for five bacterial blight resistance genes applied to marker‐assisted selection in rice (Oryza sativa)

Bacterial blight (BB) is the most economically damaging disease of rice in Asia and other parts of the world. In this study, a multiplex PCR genotyping method was developed to simultaneously identify genotypes of five BB resistance genes, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13 and Xa21. The resistance R alleles were amplified using five functional markers (FMs) to generate amplicons of 217, 103, 179, 381 and 595 bp in IRBB66. Amplicons of 198, 107, 87, 391 and 467 bp corresponded to susceptible alleles in Taiwanese japonica rice cultivars. In backcross breeding programmes, the multiplex PCR assay was integrated into selection from a population using BB resistance donor IRBB66 crossed to rice cultivar ‘Tainung82’. Two plants with homozygosity for Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13 and Xa21 were selected from 1100 BC₂F₂ plants. In addition, the five BB resistance genes were also accurately identified in F₂ populations. This multiplex PCR method provides a rapid and efficient method for detecting various BB resistance genes, which will assist in pyramiding genes to improve durability of BB resistance in Taiwanese elite rice cultivars.     

小麦wzy2-1基因的克隆及功能分析

脱水素是一类植物胚胎发育后期丰富蛋白(late embryogenesis abundant protein, LEA蛋白),属于LEA D-11家族,植物受非生物胁迫会大量表达。利用同源克隆技术,从郑引1号小麦中克隆了1个Kn型脱水素基因,命名为wzy2-1。该基因全长1740bp,编码579个氨基酸,含有9个保守的K片段,与大麦的Dhn5基因具有较高同源性。生物信息学预测该蛋白属于高度亲水性的无序蛋白。通过该蛋白对大肠杆菌的保护作用研究表明,WZY2-1蛋白能够提高大肠杆菌对低温、高温、高盐以及高渗胁迫的耐受性。荧光实时定量PCR分析表明,wzy2-1基因受低温、盐渍、干旱诱导表达,但不受外源ABA诱导,说明wzy2-1基因属于非ABA依赖型脱水素基因。     

Philip入渗模型参数的非线性预报模型

利用黄土高原区大田耕作土壤的水分入渗试验过程资料,拟合了Philip入渗模型参数,建立了以土壤体积含水率、干密度、粉、黏粒含量和有机质含量等土壤理化参数为输入变量,Philip入渗模型参数为输出变量的土壤传递函数,通过对函数的分析、检验,建立了土壤入渗参数S和A的多元非线性预测模型;在此基础上,运用灰色关联分析理论,将各输入变量进行了灰色排序。研究表明:用土壤体积含水率、干密度、粉粒含量、黏粒含量和有机质含量作为预报模型的输入参数可实现对入渗参数的预测,预测参数实测值与预测值之间的相对误差可控制在8%以下,所建立的非线性预测模型高度相关。     

多自由度自锁式香蕉收割机的设计与仿真

针对大规模香蕉种植基地香蕉收割机具的研发比较缺乏的现状,设计了一种多自由度自锁式香蕉收割机。该机主要由动力系统、进给系统及收割系统等组成,手动与电动混合操作方式,既可作为收割机,同时又可作为小型运输机及牵引机使用。采用三维造型软件Solid Works对其建立模型,并对关键结构进行相应的运动仿真。结果表明:该机设计满足工作要求,可为其他类似农作物收割机具的设计提供参考。     

多自由度自锁式香蕉收割机的有限元分析

针对大规模香蕉种植基地香蕉收割机具的研发比较缺乏,研制了一种多自由度自锁式香蕉收割机。该机可收割各型株高的香蕉,具有自锁、多自由度动作及小型运输等特点。通过分析该机的工作原理,对其关键零部件建立有限元模型,进行基于ANSYS的有限元分析。结果表明:收割机关键零部件的刚度和强度满足工作要求。自锁式多自由度香蕉收割机的研制可为其他类似农作物收割机具的研制提供参考。     

大学生消费结构研究

回顾以往研究,建立计量经济模型分析大学生消费多样化及其影响因素的相关性。经过理论和实证研究验证模型分析结果,最后提出合理化建议。     

琯溪蜜柚CmPME1的克隆及其在果实发育过程中的表达分析

利用RT-PCR技术从‘琯溪蜜柚’中克隆得到1条PME（pectinmethylesterase）基因的ORF序列,命名为CmPME1。该序列编码一个含有582个氨基酸的蛋白质,分子量63.37 ku,该蛋白属于稳定的碱性亲水性蛋白。同源性分析表明：其编码的氨基酸序列与可可树（Theobroma cacao）、毛果杨（Populus trichocarpa）的同源性分别为76％、74％,与甜橙的氨基酸序列同源性高达99％。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,随着果实的发育,CmPME1的表达量逐渐升高,在花后170 d达到最高,然后逐渐降低,远中柱汁胞CmPME1的表达量高于近中柱。     

谷子锈菌巢式PCR检测体系的建立

<正>由粟单胞锈菌(Uromyces setariae-italicae)引起的谷子锈病是一种危害严重的真菌性病害,该病可在短期内大面积流行,通常导致减产10%~30%。谷子锈病病原菌U.setariae-italicae,属担子菌亚门(Basidiomycotina)、柄锈菌科(Pucciniaceae)、单胞锈菌属(Uromyces),是一种多孢型转     

双重PCR检测马铃薯晚疫病和环腐病方法的建立

通过克隆马铃薯环腐病菌和晚疫病菌转录间隔区(ITS)序列,并对测序结果进行同源性比较,选取差异位点分别设计了两对引物P.IN1/P.IN2和C.IN1/C.IN2,并检测了引物的特异性及方法的灵敏度。引物P.IN1/P.IN2可扩增出1条363bp马铃薯晚疫病菌的特异性条带,在DNA水平上其灵敏度达18fg/μL;引物C.IN1/C.IN2可扩增出1条218bp马铃薯环腐病菌的特异性条带,在细菌数上检测灵敏度为104 cfu/mL。混合这两对引物构建双重PCR反应体系,能从马铃薯环腐病菌和晚疫病菌的混合DNA及感染这两种菌的马铃薯植株中同时扩增到363bp和218bp的特异片段。实现了同时对马铃薯晚疫病菌和环腐病菌的快速可靠检测。