外来入侵植物病毒在我国的发生、危害与管理

外来入侵植物病毒已经严重威胁全球多个国家和地区的农业生产。预防和控制入侵植物病毒能够确保农业安全生产和可持续发展。本文详细地总结与综述了我国重要外来入侵植物病毒发生与危害情况。结合国内外生物入侵防治经验与我国入侵植物病毒的实际情况,分析了我国植物病毒入侵防控面临的挑战,提出了我国入侵植物病毒防控的几种通用措施。     

Neurological diseases of ruminant livestock in Australia. IV: viral infections

Most viral infections that affect the central nervous system of ruminants are exotic to Australia. As such, this review focuses on viruses of importance in Australian ruminants, including Akabane virus and the ruminant pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and border disease virus, as well as bluetongue virus. Each virus is discussed in terms of pathogenesis, clinical signs and diagnosis.     

Superficial corneal squamous cell carcinoma occurring in dogs with chronic keratitis

Objective Canine corneal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare tumor, with only eight cases previously published in the veterinary literature. The Comparative Ocular Pathology Lab of Wisconsin (COPLOW) has diagnosed 26 spontaneously occurring cases, 23 in the past 4 years. This retrospective study describes age and breed prevalence, concurrent therapy, biologic behavior, tumor size and character, and 6‐month survival rates after diagnosis. Results A search of the COPLOW database identified 26 corneal SCC cases diagnosed from 1978 to 2008. There is a strong breed predilection (77%) in brachycephalic breeds, particularly those prone to keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The mean age was 9.6 years (range 6–14.5 years). Follow‐up information >6 months was available for 15 of 26 cases. Recurrence occurred in the same eye in nine cases, seven of which were incompletely excised at the time of first keratectomy. No cases were known to have tumor growth in the contralateral eye and no cases of distant metastases are known. Where drug history is known, 16 of 21 dogs had a history of treatment with topical immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporine or tacrolimus) at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion Chronic inflammatory conditions of the cornea and topical immunosuppressive therapy may be risk factors for developing primary corneal SCC in dogs. SCC should be considered in any differential diagnosis of corneal proliferative lesions. Superficial keratectomy with complete excision is recommended, and the metastatic potential appears to be low.     

Treatment of primary immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia with mycophenolate mofetil in two cats

Objective – To describe the use of oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as an adjunctive therapy in 2 cats with primary immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia. Case Series Summary – Two cats suffering from presumptive primary immune mediated hemolytic were treated with MMF as part of their treatment regimens. Both cats had improved complete blood counts following therapy. New or Unique Information Provided – This is the first reported use of oral MMF as adjunctive treatment for cats with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia. Outcome was favorable in both cats and no adverse effects were noted from the MMF.     

整合禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒基因的鸡痘病毒野毒株致病性研究

以分离保存的整合禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒（REV）基因的鸡痘病毒（FPV）野毒株接种CEF细胞,间接免疫荧光试验检测REV,结果未检测到游离REV病毒粒子;以该毒株人工感染7日龄SPF雏鸡,同时设阴性对照,常规免疫新城瘦弱毒苗（ND）。接毒后每周采血动态检测NDV抗体、REV抗体、REV病毒血症;同时对试验鸡免疫器官指数、组织学变化动态观察,并对免疫器官的细胞凋亡动态检测。结果表明,整合REV基因的FPV感染后2周可引起鸡REV病毒血症,并产生REV抗体;导致中枢免疫器官发育分化不良,尤其对胸腺的影响最为明显,攻毒2周后,试验组与对照组相比,胸腺指数明显下降（P〈o．05）;免疫器官主要表现实质细胞数量少,正常结构发育不良,间质结缔组织增生而发生纤维化;细胞凋亡检测证实免疫器官的淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞均有明显的凋亡现象,细胞凋亡是引起免疫器官萎缩的主要原因。对新城疫疫苗免疫反应呈显著的抑制作用,攻毒3周后,试验组血清新城疫病毒抗体滴度显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,其抗体滴度峰值低,维持时间短,下降速度快。本试验证实FPV整合REV前病毒基因组会明显改变FPV的致病性,表现某些REV的致病特征,使感染鸡REV抗体转为阳性并出现病毒血症,进一步证实REV可以通过基因组整合于FPV而进行传播的推测。     

池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的一种球状病毒粒子的电镜观察

辽宁省盖市一养蟹场送检的中华螯蟹幼蟹体内组织，分离提取后，在电镜下观察到一种小球状病毒粒子，直径约３０ｎｍ左右，数量较多，此病毒有可能是造成幼蟹大量死亡的病原。本文报道了电镜对此病毒观察结果。     

海洋病毒生态学动态参数和研究技术的进展

病毒在海洋中无处不在,是海洋生态系统中丰度和基因多样性最高的生命粒子。病毒是海洋生态系统中的活跃分子,通过感染和裂解宿主细胞使生命颗粒有机碳再返回到非生命的溶解有机碳,形成了微食物环中的"病毒回路"。病毒丰度,多样性和分布是海洋病毒生态学研究中重要的基本参数,但是由于病毒对生态系统的影响是一个动态过程,上述静态参数无法满足病毒生态学研究的需要,因此对病毒生态过程中的动态参数进行研究有着至关重要的意义。文章介绍了近20年来海洋病毒生态学研究中的主要动态参数包括接触率、感染率、裂解量、病毒引起的宿主死亡率以及病毒自身的生产率和降解率的研究进展及相关研究技术。     

The Helper Activities of Different Avian Viruses for Propagation of Recombinant Avian Adeno-Associated Virus

To compare the helper activities of different avian viruses for propagation of recombinant avian adeno-associated virus （rAAAV）, AAV-293 cells were cotransfected with the AAAV vector pAITR-GFP containing green fluorescent protein （GFP） gene, the AAAV helper vector pcDNA-ARC expressing the rep and cap genes, and the adenovirus helper vector pHelper expressing Ad5 E2A, E4, and VA-RNA genes. Chicken embryonic fibroblast （CEF） or chicken embryonic liver （CEL） cells were cotransfected with the AAAV vector and the AAAV helper vector, followed by infection with Marek＇s disease virus （MDV）, avian adenovirus, chicken embryo lethal orphan （CELO） virus or infectious bursal disease virus （IBDV）. Infectious rAAAV particles generated by the two strategies were harvested and titrated on CEF and CEL cells. A significantly higher viral titer was obtained with the helper activity provided by the pHelper vector than by MDV or CELO virus. Further experiments showed that rAAAV-mediated green fluorescent protein （gfp） expression was overtly enhanced by MDV or CELO virus super infection or treatment with sodium butyric acid, but not by IBDV super infection. These data demonstrated that MDV and CELO viruses could provide weak helper activity for propagation of rAAAV, and rAAAV- mediated transgene expression could be enhanced by super infection with the helper viruses.     

小牛胸腺免疫抑制提取物对体外培养细胞生长的影响

目的：研究小牛胸腺免疫抑制提取物对体外培养细胞生长作用。方法：采用＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ自发掺入细胞实验，测定细胞生长情况。结果：该提取物能抑制ＥＬ４细胞及ＣｏｎＡ诱导的小鼠胸腺细胞的生长，有量效关系，但对Ｐ８１５细胞株，Ｋ５６２细胞株细胞没有明显的抑制作用，结论：该提取物有抑制胸腺细胞生长的活性，但无细胞毒作用。     

20世纪果树病毒检测技术的回顾与展望

简要阐述了果树病毒对果树生产的危害，详细介绍了果树病毒检测技术的原理、方法和各自特点，并对果树病毒检测技术的发展前景进行了展望。