基于机器视觉的马铃薯黑心病检测机构设计与试验

马铃薯黑心病是一种难以用肉眼分辨的内部病害。在生产加工中,为了准确检出黑心病个体,该研究基于光在马铃薯块茎组织中的透射特性设计了一种马铃薯黑心病检测机构。机构主要包括马铃薯块茎承托槽、光源单元以及光源位置调节轨道等部分,光源单元包括2个LED面光源,形成多点透射的结构,光源波长为705 nm。文中取50个正常样品和29个黑心样品采集图像分析,经过预处理,分别提取马铃薯目标图像和马铃薯高灰度区域的灰度平均值,以二者的相对比值作为黑心病的判别参数。通过与单点透射模式所采集的正常样品图像的相对比值比较,由该机构所采集的正常图像的相对比值普遍偏小,表明所获得图像的灰度均匀性更好,同时得到光源较佳夹角为45°。在该机构下获得的正常样品和黑心样品的灰度平均值相对比值的分类阈值为0.220,得到2种样品的判断正确率分别为98%和96.6%,且黑心样品的相对比值更大,表明使用该机构可以检测黑心马铃薯样品。该研究为马铃薯黑心病检测机构的设计提供了参考。     

论刑事证据的审查判断

本文谨从刑事证据审查判断概念及与相关概念的关系等方面入手,着重分析司法实践中对刑事证据审查判断的内容、方法、原则,进而对单个证据及全案证据的审查判断标准及法定证据的具体审查判断作出阐述。     

植物种传病害检测技术的研究进展

介绍植物种传病害的定义、分类及其检测技术的进展,着重介绍用于检测真菌性种传病害的洗涤镜检、保湿培养、致病性测定和PCR等方法以及用于检测植物病毒性病害的常见方法,如症状观察（包括鉴别寄主反应）、血清学反应、分子生物学方法等。最后,对种传病害的检测方法作了总结和展望。     

A Pressure Algometer Is a Useful Tool to Objectively Monitor the Effect of Diagnostic Palpation by a Physiotherapist in Warmblood Horses

There is a lack of scientific evidence for objective evaluation of neck and back musculoskeletal sensitivity in horses, although pressure algometry has been described as an objective tool to quantify musculoskeletal responses by mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) values. This study aimed to evaluate the use of pressure algometry for objectively quantifying the effect of diagnostic palpation applied by physiotherapists on the musculoskeletal function of the equine neck and back. The inter-examiner repeatability of animal physiotherapists was tested, and their subjective clinical scores for the vertebral column area were objectively compared with MNT values measured at the same locations to investigate the potential clinical implementation of the pressure algometer in daily equine rehabilitation practice. Six adult Dutch Warmblood riding school mares were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. The MNT of all horses was measured on 35 predefined sites on the vertebral column in the morning and in the evening of the same day. In the experimental group (n = 3), neck and back surface “temperature”, “pain”, “muscle tone”, and passive “mobility” were scored through palpation by three certified physiotherapists and related to MNT measurements at the same vertebral column locations. Agreement between the physiotherapists was determined from Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (P < .05). These correlation coefficients showed a significant agreement between the scores of individual physiotherapists and with objective MNT measurements. The three physiotherapists agreed best in their subjective gradings of “pain”, but less for “temperature” and “muscle tone”, and least for “mobility”. There was also a significant difference in MNT between individual horses. The physiotherapeutic diagnostic intervention did not significantly alter the MNT of the experimental group compared with the control group. There was a significant difference, however, between morning (7.4 kg/cm²) and evening (6.9 kg/cm²) MNT-measurements within the combined group (n = 6, P < .05). In conclusion, a pressure algometer proved to be a useful tool to objectively monitor the palpation of individual Warmbloods by individual physiotherapists. The correlation of their scores to the objective MNT measurements elucidated that there were differences on which scale (“pain”, “temperature”, “muscle tone”, “mobility”) they merely relied upon in their palpation. Significant effects of physiotherapeutic diagnostic palpation on MNT, however, were not found. The lower MNT of the horses at the second trial in the evening could be a sensitization of the measurement location because of bruising, a learning effect of the horses, or a diurnal fluctuation. The use of pressure algometry has both a potential to quantify clinical neck and back musculoskeletal sensitivity in horses possibly leading to dysfunction, as well as to objectively evaluate treatment results. Repeated measurements on the same day and on the same location along the vertebral column may influence absolute MNT values. The algometer can be used with success provided that the operator has proper and frequent training.     

射干麻黄地龙散对鸡肝肾功能及脏器剖检的影响

本试验旨在了解射干麻黄地龙散的安全性,为临床用药提供数据支持。选取120只21日龄三黄肉鸡,随机分为3倍剂量组、6倍剂量组、12倍剂量组和对照组,每组30只。在21和35日龄时分别按试验鸡的平均体重给予不同剂量的药物,并连续饲喂2周。在35和49日龄时,各组随机选取10只进行采血和剖检。测定肝肾功能指标,同时对剖检鸡的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏进行病理检查。结果显示,各组鸡的血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性及肌酐含量与药物剂量间无规律性变化,白蛋白含量和尿素含量与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。用药后,各组鸡的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏均无明显差异,表现正常。结果表明,射干麻黄地龙散对鸡肝肾功能的影响小,病理剖检未见对心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏产生毒性作用,是一种适合临床应用的低毒、安全的中药制剂。     

国标GB/T4789.3-2003与GB/T4789.3-2008检测灵敏性研究

为比较国标GBT4789.3-2003与GBT4789.3-20082种检测方法灵敏性,将564份样本分别同时采用GBT4789.3-2003与GBT4789.3-2008中的MPN法进行检测,结果在检测的564份样本中,用GB/T4789.3-2008检测样本不合格率为33.16%,而采用GB/T4789.3-2003方法检测样本不合格率仅为8.16%。说明GB/T4789.3-2008较GB/T4789.3-2003的检测灵敏度更高。     

基于执业兽医资格考试进行兽医传染病学教学改革的初探

基于全国执业兽医资格考试的目的与要求,结合教学实践特点,对兽医传染病学教学内容和手段进行了改革,以期获得理想的结果。     

基于振动及EEMD-CMAC算法的鸭蛋散黄在线检测

针对鸭蛋长期存储以及运输过程中造成的散黄问题,构建一种基于振动信息的鸭蛋散黄在线检测流水线,可实现鸭蛋的自动触压和随动检测。通过磁致伸缩振子对鸭蛋扫频振动进行音频信息增强,对音频振动信号进行集合经验模态分解,并通过主成分分析进行降维提取主要特征,基于此,构建基于小脑神经网络的鸭蛋散黄检测模型。试验中,对320枚鸭蛋进行检测(训练集200枚,测试集120枚),结果表明,基于累积贡献率达98.14%的前5个主成分的鸭蛋散黄检测模型训练集和测试集识别率分别达98.66%和97.03%,每枚鸭蛋在线检测时间约1 s。研究表明,所研制的检测流水线基于磁致伸缩振子扫频激励未知品质鸭蛋,再结合EEMD-CMAC进行鸭蛋散黄检测是可行的,可满足流水线在线检测的要求。     

基于多特征融合的电子鼻鉴别玉米霉变程度

为了提高电子鼻检测玉米霉变程度的正确率,该文探究了电子鼻信号不同特征组合的表征对霉变玉米鉴别结果的影响。首先,运用电子鼻对霉变玉米的5组样本训练集与测试集进行测试,获得测试信号。其次,分别提取测试信号的积分值(integral value,INV)、平均微分值(average differential value,ADV)、相对稳态平均值(relative steady-state average value,RSAV)作为特征值,5组训练集与测试集均分别采用3种单一的特征值或其组合特征值来表征。然后,运用Fisher判别分析(fisher discriminant analysis,FDA)分别对5组训练集进行判别分析,并用对应的测试集进行检验。FDA分析结果指出,电子鼻测试信息分别在单一特征和2个特征组合表征下,不同霉变程度玉米是不能有效分开的,但在2个特征组合表征下的鉴别正确率比单一特征有所提高;当用3个特征组合来表征测试信息时,FDA鉴别能力得到提高,鉴别正确率在96%以上。另外,借助于WilksΛ统计量考察了电子鼻中每个传感器测试信号表征的差异性,对3个特征组合的表征情况进行了表征变量筛选。FDA分析结果显示,筛选前后的鉴别结果非常相近,最低鉴别正确率均在96%以上,这说明不同传感器需要不同的特征表征,以体现其差异性,由此也减少了计算的复杂性。研究结果表明,用多特征融合模式可更有效地表征电子鼻对霉变玉米的响应信息,有利于提高霉变玉米的鉴别正确率。同时,该研究成果也不失一般性,为电子鼻信号表征提供了一种新思路。     

种公牛感染温氏枝原体后的生殖健康检测研究（英文）

[目的]研究种公牛感染温氏枝原体后的生殖健康。[方法]通过血常规和生殖健康检测等方法对药物治疗前后种公牛的血液和精液品质进行试验研究。[结果]在未给予磷酸伯氨喹治疗前,病牛有轻度的贫血,血液涂片中可见大量的温氏枝原体;病牛阴囊壁肿大,睾丸变软,精液品质下降,精子活力降低,初级和次级畸形的精子比例增大;药物治疗后,温氏枝原体很快从血液中消失,临床症状逐渐缓解,顺利通过了1个月后生殖健康检测。[结论]该研究为进一步研究温氏枝原体与公牛生殖机能下降之间的关系奠定了基础。