甘蓝型油菜三个品质性状的双列杂交分析

用五个甘蓝型油菜亲本材料的双列杂交设计,对含油量、硫甙总量按Hayman分析公式进行了全双列杂交分析,对蛋白质含量按Singh(1981)公式进行了半双列杂交分析。结果表明,三个品质性状都符合加性-显性模型。含油量和硫甙总量均呈部分显性,狭义遗传力分别为59.6%和87.4%,蛋白质含量呈超显性遗传((H./D)～(1/2)=1.58),狭义遗传力为42.4%。     

南方稻区迟熟中籼品种主要经济性状遗传参数估计

应用方差和协方差分析方法对1989年南方区试中籼迟熟组的8个品种的13个性状进行了遗传参数估计,结果表明,参试品种的着粒密度、有效穗和千粒重的遗传基础较丰富,抽穗日数和小区产量的遗传差异则较小;千粒重、着粒密度、穗长和抽穗日数的广义遗传率较高,日产量和小区产量则较低,结实率的遗传变异系数和广义遗传率最低;产量与着粒数的相关较微弱,与有效穗,着粒密度等性状的遗传相关显著,与每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重的环境相关值较大,有效穗、着粒数和千粒重三个产量构成因素两两之间的三种相关值均为负值,其遗传相关达显著或极显著标准;同一遗传型在不同环境条件中,穗粒数和有效穗与产量的关系较大。     

盐胁迫对裸果木幼苗光合特性的影响

本研究以一年生裸果木幼苗为材料，采用盆栽育苗方式，设计7个不同浓度NaCl溶液（CK、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0% 和1.2%）模拟盐分胁迫，测定分析了其叶片气体交换参数、光响应曲线及叶绿素荧光参数的变化规律。结果表明：随着盐浓度的增加，叶片净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）和蒸腾速率（T_r）均呈下降趋势，NaCl浓度≥0.4%时，各处理P_n、G_s和T_r均显著低于CK；气孔限制值（L_s）和瞬时水分利用效率（WUE）随盐浓度增加呈先升后降趋势，胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）呈相反趋势，NaCl浓度为0.4%时，L_s达到最大值，而C_i达到最小值，说明P_n下降以气孔限制因素为主，而当NaCl浓度≥0.6%时，以非气孔限制为主要因素。随着盐胁迫程度的增大，最大净光合速率（P_nmax）、暗呼吸速率（R_d）、光饱和点（L_SP）、表观量子效率（A_QY）逐渐降低，光补偿点（L_CP）逐渐增加，表明盐分抑制了幼苗对光的吸收、利用和转换能力。叶片PSII潜在活性（F_v/F₀）、原初光能转化效率（F_v/F_m）、实际光化学效率（Φ_PSII）、电子传递速率（ETR）和光化学猝灭系数（q_p）随着盐浓度的增加呈下降趋势；非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）在≤0.4%NaCl处理下较CK显著增加，盐浓度≥0.8%时，NPQ显著下降。基质的NaCl浓度在0.2%和0.4%时，裸果木叶片P_n、F_v/F₀、F_v/F_m下降不显著，WUE有所提高，PSII系统可以通过耗散过剩的光能保护光合机构，表现出一定的耐盐性；但盐浓度超过0.6%时，光合生态幅变窄，光合机构受到明显破坏，显著抑制了光合作用能力。     

犬细小病毒病的临床诊疗效果研究

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒（cpv）引起的一种急性传染病，发病率和死亡率比较高，达10％～50％，自愈率〈5％．笔者在近一年中的犬病治疗过程中用犬细小病毒快速诊断试纸条确诊为犬细小病毒病的有16例。经过临床治疗得出，除了采用高免血清和对症治疗外，治愈率的高低在很大程度上取决于输液，此外对病犬的护理正确精细与否也有一定的关系。本文重点介绍了犬细小病毒病的临床症状、剖检变化、鉴别诊断、治疗情况及治疗体会。     

Preliminary Epidemiological and Clinical Observations on Shimao Zheng (Fleece-Eating) in Goats and Sheep

Veterinary Research Communications -     

稀释液中添加海藻糖对猪冷冻精液质量参数和活性氧的影响

本试验旨在探讨海藻糖对猪精子冷冻效果以及精子内活性氧(ROS)的含量影响。试验分对照组和4个海藻糖处理组(0.025,0.05,0.1和0.2 mol/L)。精子冷却后,添加0.1 mol/L海藻糖处理组精子活力显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,而精子内和稀释液中各组间ROS发生量都没有显著的差异。精子冷冻解冻后,添加0.05 mol/L海藻糖处理组的精子活力显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;添加0.05 mol/L和0.1 mol/L海藻糖处理组的精子生存率显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;添加0.1 mol/L海藻糖处理组顶体完整的精子百分比显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;4个海藻糖处理组膨胀精子百分比都显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;添加0.025 mol/L海藻糖处理组ROS水平显著(P<0.05)低于对照组。结果表明:海藻糖对精子冷冻保存是有益的,且能抑制精子内ROS的发生,但它的作用机制有待于进一步的研究。     

Critical Observations on BSE Control in Italy

Eleven native sheep, 1–2 years old, of both sexes were randomly divided into two groups, 6 sheep being allocated to the experimental group and 5 serving as controls. The sheep in the experimental group were fed 80% Tribulus terrestris and 20% alfalfa hay and wheat straw, while the control sheep were given a mixture of 40% alfalfa hay and 60% wheat straw. Clinical signs of hepatogenous photosensitivity were observed from day 11, including reddening and crust formation on the muzzle, nose, ears and eyelids, depression, weight loss, icterus, conjunctivitis, and yellow discoloration of the urine. Laboratory findings on weekly samples indicated significant differences (p<0.05) in white blood cell count, total plasma protein and fibrinogen, total and direct bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, and aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities. There were no significant differences in the packed cell volume, in the neutrophil, lymphocyte or eosinophil counts, or in the serum calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium or chloride concentrations. At necropsy of the experimental animals, there were various degrees of generalized icterus and the livers were swollen and discolored by bile pigment. Histopathological examination revealed varying amounts of crystalloid material in the bile ducts and renal tubules, hepatocellular degeneration, biliary fibrosis and proliferation, renal tubular necrosis and focal necrosis of cardiac muscle.     

A Bayesian approach to the accuracy of clinical observations

The accuracy of clinical observations was estimated using Bayesian latent-class models with two or more independent tests. Four veterinarians carried out systematic independent clinical examinations on 155 pigs in three herds. Based on the results of binary recordings of clinical observations on dullness, poor body condition (PBC), skin lesions, lameness, respiratory disease, and diarrhea, a latent disease state for each clinical disease was estimated using Gibbs sampling.

The accuracy of the clinical observations differed for the four observers and for different clinical signs. Population parameters were estimated from a Bayesian hierarchical model, and the accuracy of a random observer was calculated. We concluded that the accuracy of the veterinarians in this study substantiated the need to pursue more-precise definitions of the clinical findings and that larger sample sizes would be needed to provide reasonable variance estimates. Finally, we concluded that the uncertainty in the clinical decision-making process (starting with the clinical examination) needs to be represented fully.     

铬对泌乳期奶牛的生产性能和主要生理指标的影响

研究了泌乳期奶牛日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬或赖氨酸铬对其生产性能和血液主要生理指标的影响。选择75头泌乳前期（〈80d）的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为试验组A、B和对照组C。试验组A和B每天日粮中分别补充吡啶羧酸铬和赖氨酸铬，供试期间对照组C不添加有机铬。结果表明：铬可提高泌乳期奶牛的生产性能，增强和改善泌乳奶牛的免疫力和应激状态。试验组A和试验组B泌乳量高于对照组C（P〈0．01）；试验组B血清中的甘油三酯的浓度低于对照组C（P〈0．05）；试验组A血清中胰岛素浓度低于对照组C（P〈0．01）；试验组A和试验组B血清中葡萄糖浓度都高于对照组C（P〈0．01）；试验组A和试验组B血清中皮质醇的浓度分别比对照组C低7．21nmol／L和4．92nmol／L，试验组A和试验组B血清中IgG的浓度分别比对照组C高2．1g／L和3．1g／L。     

Reproductive performance of crossbred and purebred male rabbits

The effect of buck genetic type and crossbreeding parameters on fertility and prolificacy were estimated using two rabbit sire lines and their reciprocal crosses. The relationship between the reproductive performance of inseminated multiparous does and several semen quality traits was also investigated. The semen characteristics evaluated were: pH (pH), mass and individual motility (MM, IM), percentage of viable spermatozoa (Vi), spermatozoa with normal apical ridge (NAR), normal spermatozoa (NSP), spermatozoa with morphological abnormalities of head (HAP), neck-midpiece (NAP), and tail (TAP), spermatozoa with the presence of proximal (PD) and distal (DD) cytoplasmic droplets.

Fertility was analysed as a continuous trait (kindling rate) or as a binary trait (success or failure of kindling). In the first case, the analysis was performed using GLM procedures of SAS v.8 according to a model that included the fixed factors of buck genetic type, number of ejaculates per pool and week of insemination. In the second case, fertility was analysed using GENMOD procedures of SAS v.8 according to a mixed model including the same fixed factors as before plus the physiological status of the does and the permanent random effect of female. Number of kits born alive and number of stillborn were analysed with MIXED procedures of SAS v.8 with the same model used for the analysis of fertility as a binary trait. Estimates of the estimable functions of crossbreeding genetic parameters of the lines were obtained from the solutions of the corresponding models by generalized least squares using GLM, GENMOD and MIXED procedures. Crossbreeding parameters were estimated according to the model of Dickerson. A linear regression was used to determine the relationship between fertility and litter size and the semen characteristics evaluated.

Significant differences in fertility were observed among buck genetic types, which were favourable to type R. Differences between lines in maternal genetic effects were relevant and favourable to type R for fertility. Individual heterosis was important but unfavourable for fertility.

A slight correlation was obtained between all semen quality traits and fertility and prolificacy. Two multiple models were found for fertility, including NAP, IM, NSP, buck genetic type and Vi in one model or NAR in other model. Individual motility had an important positive effect, while NAP had a small negative effect. When MM, TAP and buck genetic type were included in a multiple model for the number of kits born alive, both MM and TAP had significant small effects. Individual motility and DD appeared to be related to number of kits stillborn, but only DD had a significant although negligible effect.