细鳞鱼核型的初步研究

滦河水系的细鳞鱼(Brachymystax Lenok)二倍体染色体数为2n=92.核型:14M+14SM+64(ST,T),NF=120.并在一个中期分裂相中观察到一条最大的中部着丝点染色体上具有随体.     

褐菖鮋的染色体核型及其自发畸变率

褐菖Ｏ的染色体核型及其自发畸变率潘蔚明（浙江省海洋水产研究所，舟山３１６１００）关键词褐菖Ｏ，核型，染色体畸变ＴＨＥＫＡＲＹＯＴＹＰＥＡＮＤＴＨＥＲＡＴＥＯＦＣＨＲＯＭＯＳＯＭＥＳＰＯＮＬＡＮＥＯＵＳＧＥＮＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＡＢＥＲＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＳＥＢ...     

Karyological analysis of endangered Caspian salmon, Salmo trutta caspius (Kessler, 1877)

The karyotype and chromosomal characteristics of endangered Caspian salmon, Salmo trutta caspius, in the southern part of the Caspian Sea were investigated. From the total of 60 mitotic metaphases achieved from 15 individuals, 15, 9 and 36 metaphases were with the mode <76, 76 and 80 representing 25%, 15% and 60% of metaphases respectively. So, the most common pattern of chromosome number was 80 (36 metaphases, 60%) and the number of diploid chromosomes was thus confirmed as (2n=80) of this subspecies. The karyotype consists of seven metacentric, five submetacentric and 28 telocentric pairs. The karyological parameters of the Caspian salmon, the centromic index, arm ratio, relative length and length variation range of chromosomes, were 0–0.5, 1–∞, 0.011–0.045 and 0.507–2.028 μm respectively. The total length of chromosomes in haploid series was 44.776 μm and fundamental number of chromosome arms was 104. This study may provide the first knowledge on chromosome analysis in Caspian salmon and add basic information useful for its chromosomal manipulations.     

中国贝类染色体研究现状与进展

对我国已报道的81种贝类染色体研究进行了综述,并结合贝类分子系统进化研究成果,探讨了我国贝类染色体数目与染色体组成的进化趋势。     

藏鸡的有丝分裂观察及染色体核型分析简

试验采用直接骨髓法制备林芝藏鸡染色体,通过显微自动成像系统观察藏鸡细胞有丝分裂全过程,包括间期、早前期、前期、中期、后期和末期,并分析了藏鸡有丝分裂过程染色体的形态变化规律。通过比较有丝分裂各期的形态,结果发现藏鸡有丝分裂的前期染色体伸展最长,碱基暴露最多,适合于做基因定位工作。同时进行了藏鸡染色体的核型分析,数据统计结果发现林芝地区藏鸡染色体数目2n=78,其中前5对染色体和性染色体中有3对中央着丝粒（m）染色体、1对近中着丝粒（sm）染色体、2对端着丝粒（t）染色体。与前人试验结果进行了比较,结果显示存在一定差异,原因仍需进一步试验验证。     

山药染色体制片技术的优化

山药(Dioscorea opposite Thunb.)为药食兼用的常见蔬菜,而其染色体的研究相对滞后。以根尖为试验材料,分别考察不同的取材方式、预处理试剂、预处理方法以及解离方式对山药染色体制片效果的影响,筛选优化制片的关键技术,以期为今后细胞学研究打下基础。结果表明:室内基质培养块茎(或零余子)的方式获取的根尖中中期分裂相个数最多,且染色体分散良好的中期分裂相占的比例最高;适合于山药核型分析的预处理试剂为8-羟基喹啉同秋水仙素的混合液、8-羟基喹啉溶液,其中8-羟基喹啉溶液预处理后染色体缢痕更清晰,为最好的预处理试剂;预处理方法以低温4℃下2 mmol/L的8-羟基喹啉预处理2 h最好;采用酸解加酶解的方式解离效果明显好于单用酸解的方式,并且得到的制片中染色体形态清晰,96.3%的中期细胞的染色体分布于同一个水平面上。     

江南油杉种质资源与苗木繁殖研究动态与展望

通过相关资料的查阅与收集,对江南油杉在我国天然种群资源的分布进行分析研究,揭示了江南油杉自然繁衍对生境的需求、过度砍伐利用是导致其濒危的原因,分析自然种群生境、染色体核型研究、育苗技术和引种驯化等方面的研究现状,以实现江南油杉资源保护与合理利用,并进一步研究江南油杉的人工林栽培技术和高效繁殖技术。     

不同物种CLPG基因部分序列生物信息分析及山羊染色体电子定位

作者应用比较基因组学和生物信息学方法比较了绵羊、山羊、牛、狗、马、兔子、猪、挪威鼠的CLPG基因部分序列，并对该基因的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了分析。结果表明，在被比对的12个基因序列中检测到176个多态位点，物种间及物种内的CLPG基因存在较丰富的遗传多样性。通过物种间生物信息分析将CLPG基因定位于山羊21号染色体。     

鲁西牛的染色体研究

研究了40头鲁西牛(♂37,♀3,2n=60)染色体的 G 带,R 带,C 带及Ag-NOR,着重分析了 y 染色体的形态及带型。在常规 Giemsa 染色的分裂相上,y染色体和小的常染色体形态相近。经常规—C 带连续染色,准确识别出 y 染色体之后测量了18条 y 染色体,臂比为3.19,属亚端着丝点染色体。y 染色体的着丝点区和短臂与常染色体的着丝点区和短臂在 G 带、C 带的带型上差别很大,表明构成它们 DNA的硷基成份有差别。统计的152个细胞的 Ag-NOR 中,平均每细胞 Ag-NOR 数为5.81±1.38,变化范围2—9。按染色体长度排列,NOR 位于2、3、4、11、22(或21)和28号常染色体末端。第22(或21)号染色体上存在 NOR 在其它牛种上尚未有过报道。     

Meiotic and Isozymic Analyses of Tall Fescue × Giant Fescue Hybrids and Amphiploids1

The meiotic behavior of three tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, 2n = 6x = 42) genotypes, giant fescue (F. gigantea, 2n = 6x = 42), and their reciprocal F₁ hybrids and C₁, amphiploids was evaluated to determine the parental genomic relationships. Isozyme banding patterns were used to confirm the parental identity of the hybrids and amphiploids. At meta-phase I, the parents had predominantly bivalent pairing. The hybrids had an average of 9.51 I, 16.02 II, 0.12 III, 0.02 IV, and the amphiploids had 2.17 I, 38.82 II, 0.60 III, 0.58 IV, 0.01 V—VIII. The prevalence of bivalent pairing in both hybrids and amphiploids suggested a homoeologous relationship between the six genomes, with four of the six being more closely related. Bivalent pairing in the amphiploids indicated genetic regulation of chromosome pairing. Zymograms were obtained for acid phosphatase (ACPH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) and phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI). The three tall fescue and giant fescue parents had different zymograms for ACPH, MDH, 6-PGD and PGI; thus, the tall fescue parents of the hybrids and amphiploids could be determined based on the banding patterns of these four enzymes. Phenotypes were determined for ACPH-1, PGI-2 and 6-PGD-1. ACPH-1 may be used to follow the introgression of giant fescue chromatin into a certain tall fescue genotype.