地参多糖对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用研究

[目的]研究地参多糖(LLP)对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用。[方法]取昆明种小白鼠50只,随机分为5组。除正常对照组外,其余各组每天于颈背皮下注射D-半乳糖80 mg/kg,连续42 d,造成亚急性衰老模型。在注射D-半乳糖的同时,试验组每天分别灌胃给予地参多糖(LLP)300、200和100 mg/kg,正常对照组及模型对照组给予等量生理盐水。末次给药12 h后,分离血清及肝组织,分别测定各组小鼠衰老相关生化指标。[结果]LLP能拮抗D-半乳糖所致的小鼠衰老,使小鼠血清及肝组织SOD和GSH-Px活性明显回升,MDA的水平下降。[结论]LLP具有一定的抗氧化和抗衰老作用。     

黑木耳的开发研究进展

综述了黑木耳的主要营养成分及其保健作用,着重探讨了黑木耳多糖,并展望了黑木耳保健品产业的开发前景。     

灰树花子实体中水溶性多糖提取工艺优化研究

以水为浸提液,通过单因素试验研究了颗粒度、浸提温度、浸提时间、水料比、醇沉度等因素对灰树花子实体多糖提取率的影响,并采用正交试验对提取工艺进行优化。试验表明,水料比对灰树花子实体多糖提取率的影响最大,其次是浸提时间,浸提温度影响最小。通过对提取条件的优化,结合收益、成本等综合因素选出最佳优化工艺为:浸提温度90℃,浸提时间5 h,水料比25∶1。验证试验显示,在最佳工艺条件下提取的多糖提取率达13.4%。     

蒜渣碱提多糖体外抗氧化性的研究

研究蒜渣碱提多糖对DPPH·,羟自由基、超氧自由基的清除以及抑制猪油和芝麻油快速氧化的效果。当多糖与DPPH·质量比为1.6时,电子顺磁共振(ESR)测定5 min就检测不出DPPH·;当多糖质量浓度为0.16 mg/mL时,可以清除50%羟基自由基;当质量浓度为0.2 mg/mL时,可以清除50%的超氧自由基;多糖对猪油和芝麻油的氧化都有一定的抑制作用,当浓度增加时,抑制效果增强。     

微波辅助提取无花果多糖的工艺研究

研究微波辅助提取无花果多糖的方法,通过单因素和正交试验确定无花果多糖的最佳提取条件。结果表明,无花果多糖的最佳提取工艺为:料液比为1∶50,浸泡时间为60 min,微波功率为640 W,微波时间为3 min。在该条件下,无花果多糖得率为4.65%。     

枸杞多糖的热裂解产物研究

利用裂解气相—色谱质谱联用(Py-GC/MS)对卷烟燃烧过程进行模拟,研究枸杞多糖在无氧条件下的热裂解,以期为枸杞多糖在卷烟中的应用提供一些理论基础。用GC-MS定性定量测定分析热裂解产物。比较了不同温度(300,600,900℃)下的裂解产物差异,对裂解产物进行了归类分析,并分析了主要裂解产物致香成分的致香效果,为卷烟评吸提供了理论依据。     

白术根腐病菌分离及致病性研究

在同一地块通过对白术根腐病的发病情况进行调查,确定白术根腐病分为湿腐和干腐2种症状,湿腐为主要症状类型,在田间所占比例达69.68%.通过对30个病株样本进行病原分离,共分离得到131个菌株,12种分离菌中有7种对白术具有致病力,其中尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和茄病镰刀菌(F.solani)能产生白术根腐病的典型症状.尖孢镰刀菌为根腐病主要致病菌,并能导致两种症状,致病率达90%;茄病镰刀菌危害症状为湿腐,致病率为30%.     

Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on expression of HSP70, PKB and P53 in rat cerebral cortex with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion

AIM:To explore the molecular effects of Astragalus polysaccharide(AP) on improving nervous functions and preventing neuronal apoptosis in rat cerebral cortex with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS:One hundred and twenty male Wister rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(SOG), model groups(MG-1 d, 3 d and 7 d), low-dose AP treatment groups(L-APTG-1 d, 3 d and 7 d), and high-dose AP treatment groups(H-APTG-1 d, 3 d and 7 d). The right middle cerebral artery of the rats in MG and AGTG was intercepted by operation to induce ischemic brain injury. The rats in L-APTG and H-APTG were treated with AP at the doses of 5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection, respectively. On the 1st day, 3rd day and 7th day after operation, those animals were sacrificed to collect the brain specimens for the study after cerebral blood flow reperfusion and determination of neurological deficit scores. The structural changes of the neurons were observed under electron microscope. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of heat-shock protein 70(HSP70), protein kinase B(PKB) and P53 in cerebral corical neurons were determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. RESULTS:The neurological deficit scores and the apoptotic rate of cerebral cortical neurons in H-APTG were significantly lower than those in MG and L-APTG(P<0.05). The structures of the neurons in H-APTG, such as ribosome endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, Golgi complex, mitochondria, etc, were better than those in MG and L-APTG. On the 1st day, 3rd day and 7th day, the protein levels of HSP70 and PKB in cerebral cortical neurons in H-APTG were significantly higher than those in L-APTG, which were significantly higher than those in MG(P<0.05). However, the P53 protein level in H-APTG was significantly lower than that in L-APTG, which was significantly lower than that in MG(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:AP improves nervous functions and inhibits neuronal apoptosis during ischemia and reperfusion. The molecular mechanisms are associated with variations of protein expression in cerebral cortical neurons, such as promotion of HSP70 and PKB and inhibition of P53.     

天门冬多糖对猪脾淋巴细胞体外增殖的影响

试验旨在研究不同浓度的天门冬多糖(ASP),在ConA或LPS的协同刺激下对猪脾淋巴细胞体外增殖的影响。猪脾淋巴细胞体外培养体系中加入不同浓度的天门冬多糖使其终浓度为400、200、100、50、25、12.5μg/ml,在ConA(5μg/ml)或者LPS(10μg/ml)的协同刺激作用下,细胞培养24、48、72 h时,观察猪脾淋巴细胞增殖情况。结果表明,天门冬多糖及其协同ConA或LPS能显著或极显著的促进猪脾淋巴细胞体外增殖(P<0.05或P<0.01)。     

Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates free fatty acid-induced toxicity by activating AMPK in C2C12 myoblasts

AIM: To examine the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on the toxicity of free fatty acids (FFAs) in C2C12 myoblasts. METHODS: C2C12 cells were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, APS group, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)group,FFAs group and FFAs+APS group. MTT assay was used to observe the viability of C2C12 cells. C2C12 cells pretreated with FFAs at concentration of 0.25 mmol/L for 24 h were exposed to APS at dose of 200 mg/L for 24 h. The expression of total AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC) was examined by Western blotting. The content of AMP and ATP was determined by HPLC. The structural changes of the mitochondria were examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The results of MTT assay indicated that APS improved the viability of C2C12 cells pretreated with FFAs. In FFAs+APS group, the ratio of AMP/ATP was increased after treatment with APS. No difference of total AMPK expression in C2C12 cells between APS group and FFAs group was observed. However, the expression of p-AMPK and p-ACC increased in APS group as compared with FFAs group. The results of transmission electron microscopy indicated that APS improved the vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria resulted from treatment with FFAs in C2C12 cells. CONCLUSION: In C2C12 cells, APS attenuates FFA-induced lipotoxity via a mitochondria-and AMPK-dependent mechanism.