Synthesis and insecticidal activity of benzoheterocyclic analogues of N'-benzoyl-N-(tert-butyl)benzohydrazide: Part 2. Introduction of substituents on the benzene rings of the benzoheterocycle moiety

A series of N'-benzoheterocyclecarbonyl-N-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethylbenzohydrazide analogues possessing a variety of substituents on the benzene rings of the benzoheterocyle moieties were synthesized and tested for their insecticidal activity. The introduction of a methyl group at the R1 position of the benzoheterocycle moiety strongly increased the insecticidal activity. Among the analogues synthesized, N'-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-methyl-6-chromanecarbohydrazide showed the highest insecticidal activity (LC50 = 0.89 mg litre(-1)).     

RH—2485对棉铃虫的室内药效试验

利用Rohm and Haas公司1996年推出的一种非甾醇类蜕皮激素竞争物RH-2485,用点滴法和喷雾法对棉铃虫防治效果进行了室内研究。结果表明,RH-2485可以引起棉铃虫非正常蜕皮。用25、50、100和150mg/L的RH-2485异丙醇溶液对2龄幼虫进行喷雾,阳性反应率为43.6％～94.9％。用RH-2485异丙醇溶液对6龄初蜕皮幼虫(进入6龄不超过1h)进行点滴,剂量为1、30、60、100和200ng/头,24h后阳性反应率为0～83.33％,而15d后的最终反应率为15.38％～96.67％。研究结果显示RH-2485对棉铃虫有显著引起非正常蜕皮的作用,可用于棉铃虫田间防治试验。     

Chemical capture of free-ranging cattle: Immobilization with xylazine or medetomidine,and reversal with atipamezole

Twenty-nine free-ranging Norwegian cattle were captured with xylazine (n=20) or medetomidine (n=9) using a tranquilizing gun, and the time from darting to recumbency (induction time) was recorded. Twenty-eight animals were given atipamezole IV 15–100 min after darting, and the effects of the antagonist were evaluated. Blood samples (n=19) for haematology and serum chemistry were collected within 10 min after immobilization was induced.Xylazine (0.55±0.18 mg/kg; mean ± SD;n=18) or medetomidine-HCl (0.039±0.10 mg/kg;n=8) induced complete immobilization after a single darting with sternal or lateral recumbency, the induction times being 9.6±3.8 and 12.0±6.8 min, respectively. No difference in the clinical effects of the two drugs was observed.Rapid reversal was achieved with 0.057±0.017 and 0.077±0.019 mg/kg of atipamezole-HCl in xylazine- and medetomidine-treated animals, respectively. All the animals stood within 2 min after IV administration of the antagonist. Seven animals showed signs of excitement shortly after reversal, but these side-effects were of brief duration. Heavy resedation with relapse into recumbency was seen 3–4 h after reversal in two cows captured with xylazine, while moderate resedation was observed in two medetomidine-treated animals 2 h after reversal.Except for the plasma glucose concentration, which was elevated in both xylazine- and medetomidine-treated animals, the mean values of the haematological and plasma chemical parameters were within the reference ranges established for Norwegian cattle.Eight cows captured with xylazine (0.51±0.20 mg/kg) and given atipamezole-HCl (0.045±0.013 mg/kg) for reversal were in the last two months of pregnancy. All these animals calved normally and no cases of premature births or other periparturient disorders were seen.Abbreviations EDTA ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid - IM intramuscular - IV intravenous - SC subcutaneous - SD standard deviation     

Studies of GnRH-AActive Immunization Effects on LH and FSH Secretion and Histostructure of the Ovary and Uterus in Rabbits

The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of active immunization against gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-A) on secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the pituitary,and to observe the histological structures and development about ovaries and uteri in female rabbits.24 female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were divided randomly into 4 groups (n=6),namely,experimental group Ⅰ (EG-I),experimental Ⅱ(EG- Ⅱ),experimental Ⅲ (EG-Ⅲ),and control group (CG).Rabbits were subcutaneously injected with 1.0 mL GnRH-A (alarelin)antigen respectively at concentrations of 100,100 and 50 μg mL-1 respectively,in EG-Ⅰ,EG-Ⅱ and EG-Ⅲ.Alarelin antigen was re-injected in EG-Ⅱ and EG-Ⅲ with the same dosage on 20 d.CG was a blank.The ovarian and uterine samples were collected aseptically at the end of the experiment of 70 d.The tissue slices were observed under light and electron microscopes.Serum concentrations of LH and FSH were measured with ELISA.The results showed that serum LH concentrations in EG-Ⅱ and EG-Ⅲ reached the peak levels on 50 and 40 d respectively,and LH level in EG-Ⅱ exceeded other 3 groups on 50 d (P＜0.05).FSH level in EG-Ⅱ was higher than those in EG-Ⅰ,CG (P＜0.01) and EG-Ⅲ (P＜0.05) on 40 d.GnRHA could increase the number of primary follicles,enlarge the primary follicle vertical diameter (PFV) and primary follicle transverse diameter (PFT),and promote growth and maturation of follicles.The endometrial epithelium thickness (EET) and uterine wall thickness (UWT) in three EGs were less than that in CG (P＜0.05).GnRH-A can increase the quantities of mitochondrial cristaes,cortex granules in cytoplasm,broaden and lengthen zona pellucidas and microvilli of oocytes.It also enlarged nuclei of ooxytes and mitochondria,thereby it promoted the development of oocytes.Re-injection of 100 μg alarelin antigen enhanced the secretion of LH and FSH.GnRH-A promoted the growth and maturation of ovaries and follicles,suppressed uterine development,and also influenced histostructure of ovaries and uteri in female rabbits.     

莱克多巴胺单克隆抗体的制备与初步鉴定

为了对莱克多巴胺进行酶联免疫法测定,经由混合酸酐法合成莱克多巴胺免疫原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤单克隆化技术最终得到了1株名为3E1-C9-E10的能稳定分泌抗莱克多巴胺的单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。经ELISA测定,细胞培养上清的效价为1×105,腹水的效价达1×107以上,与多巴酚丁胺有24%的交叉反应率,与沙丁胺醇、克伦特罗没有交叉反应率。     

酶联免疫吸附测定法检测克伦特罗

用自制的β激动剂克伦特罗（ＣＬ）抗血清建立其酶联免疫吸附测定（ＥＬＩＳＡ）方法。抗血清最佳稀释度为１ｖ１００００,免疫检测范围为１５．６μｇ／ｍ ｌ～１．９０ｎｇ／ｍ ｌ。用该法检测了饲料、尿样与脏器等样品,表明该法简便、特异和灵敏,具有实用价值     

β-受体激动剂药物残留检测方法研究进展

β-受体激动剂可提高动物的瘦肉率并降低动物养殖成本，但β-受体激动剂通过食物链进入人体后会严重危害人体健康，因此世界多国都禁止在养殖业中非法添加β-受体激动剂，而一些非法分子为了利益在养殖环节使用β-受体激动剂，因此，有必要建立快速、准确、灵敏的分析方法用于检测β-受体激动剂。目前常见的检测方法有液相色谱串联质谱法、气相色谱串联质谱法、电化学法、表面增强拉曼散射光谱法、化学发光法、免疫分析法等，文章对上述方法在检测β-受体激动剂中的应用进行了简要介绍，同时分析了这些方法的优缺点，并对今后β-受体激动剂残留检测的新技术进行了展望。可以预见，未来的发展方向可能会是可用于现场检测的可靠性更高、特异性更强的免疫试纸条分析与具有前处理方法简单、高度自动化等优点的液相色谱串联质谱法。