猪场废水灌溉对冬小麦耗水和水分利用效率的影响

应用养殖废水进行农田灌溉是解决农业水资源不足的重要途径,特别在水资源严重短缺的华北地区。本文通过田间小区试验应用不同处理阶段的猪场废水稀释(分别应用原水、厌氧水和氧化塘水与清水进行1∶5稀释)和厌氧水不同量(830m3/hm2,简称"厌高";500m3/hm2,简称"厌中";160m3/hm2,简称"厌低")灌溉冬小麦,应用中子仪定期监测土壤含水量,结合降水量、灌溉量分析了冬小麦生育期耗水量和水分利用效率。结果表明:返青拔节水后,厌氧水不同量灌溉处理170cm土体贮水量和冬小麦耗水量分别呈现厌中厌高厌低和厌高厌中厌低的趋势;不同处理阶段的猪场废水稀释灌溉处理土壤贮水量差别较小,基本稳定在650～700mm之间。厌氧水不同灌溉量处理和不同处理阶段猪场废水稀释灌溉处理水分利用效率分别呈厌中厌低厌高和厌清1∶5塘清1∶5原清1∶5清水的趋势。耗水量分别与灌溉量、水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率间达到5%显著相关水平。本文建议高效的养殖废水利用效率模式为厌氧水中量灌溉和厌清1∶5、塘清1∶5稀释灌溉。     

调理料对猪粪好氧堆肥特性的影响试验

以猪粪为原料,添加质量分数为10%、15%、20%的小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、木屑3种调理料进行好氧堆肥试验,5d人工翻堆一次。结果表明：以小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆为调理料的堆置效果比其他调理料效果更好。提高经过处理的玉米秸秆比例能获得更好的堆肥效果,当增至20%,能获得比以小麦秸秆为调理料更佳的堆肥效果;而以小麦秸秆为调理料的好氧堆肥的最佳比例为15%;小比例的木屑堆肥效果相对次之。     

Direct preputial hernia associated with a ventral abdominal wall defect in a two‐year‐old gelding

The case of a 2‐year‐old gelding with acute onset of preputial swelling and prolapse is presented. After initiating conservative management using a penile repulsion device, the horse repeatedly displayed signs of mild abdominal discomfort with sudden deterioration to an episode of violent colic after 5 days of hospitalisation. Ultrasonographic examination of the preputial swelling at that time demonstrated the presence of small intestine between the internal and external laminae of the prepuce and led to the diagnosis of a direct preputial hernia. The contents of the hernia were readily reduced through a defect in the ventral abdominal wall after the anaesthetised horse was placed in dorsal recumbency. The historical information, clinical progression and surgical findings were supportive of an acquired ventral abdominal wall defect. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a direct preputial hernia associated with an acquired ventral abdominal wall defect.     

猪流感病毒分子生物学研究

猪流感病毒主要引起一种急性高度接触传染性的群发性呼吸道疾病。本文主要论述了猪流感病毒分子生物学特性、基因组结构及其功能等方面的研究。     

稻麦轮作猪粪-秸秆还田的环境经济效益研究

[目的]为探明猪粪-秸秆还田的应用效果,确定最佳还田模式.[方法]通过稻麦轮作田间试验,开展猪粪-秸秆还田处理对稻麦生长形状及产量的影响研究,统计分析其经济效益及二氧化碳减排量,对比分析出最佳的猪粪-秸秆还田模式.[结果]猪粪-秸秆还田有利于稻麦的生长,在“30％猪粪氮+20％秸秆氮+50％化肥氮”还田模式下,稻麦产量为最高,分别为7 874.57 kg/hm2和6 427.00 kg/hm2,且稻麦轮作一年可节约成本5 14635元/hm2,稻麦分别增收5 312.56元/hm2和3 931.93元/hm2,温室气体平均减排量为1.30 t/hm2(按C02干基计算)[结论]因此,建议“30％猪粪氮+20％秸秆氮+50％化肥氮”模式为猪粪-秸秆还田的最佳施肥模式.     

Prime-boost immunization with HA/C3d DNA followed by a recombinant pseudorabies virus boost enhanced protective immunity against H3N2 swine influenza virus in mice

DNA and recombinant virus vaccines against swine influenza virus (SIV) have been pursued with promising results, but induce poor immunogenicity. This study evaluated the effects of a vaccine regimen in mice including priming with three DNA vaccines expressing soluble HA (sHA), complete HA (tmHA), or sHA fused with three copies murine C3d (sHA-mC3d3) and boosting with recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing HA (rPRV-HA). Immune responses were monitored by ELISA, HI assays, and virus neutralization. Protective efficacy was evaluated by virus isolation from lungs, distribution in tissues, and pathology following challenge with H3N2 SIV. Priming with sHA-mC3d3 and boosting with rPRV-HA induced higher levels of HA-specific antibodies and yielded the most effective protection. This finding implied that priming with a DNA vaccine expressing C3d fused with antigen and boosting with a recombinant vector vaccine is an effective way to induce protective humoral immunity and prevent some infectious diseases.     

猪流感病毒H1N1广东分离株HA基因的克隆与进化分析

采用常规的血清学试验和特异性RT-PCR,从广东不同地区猪场分离鉴定出8株H1N1亚型猪流感病毒(SIV)。用流感病毒血凝素(HA)基因通用引物扩增了8株病毒的血凝素(HA)基因,经克隆测序,HA基因全长1 757 bp,编码566个氨基酸。8个毒株的HA基因推导氨基酸序列分析表明,均含有8个潜在的N糖基化位点,且糖基化位点相同,其HA1、HA2之间切割位点序列为IPSIQSR↓G,从分子水平推论,此8株H1N1 SIV均属于非高致病性毒株。同源性分析表明,此8株病毒的氨基酸序列与经典SIV之间的同源性在92.3%~94.7%之间;与2009年甲型H1N1流感病毒同源性在80.4%~92.4%之间;与欧洲类禽SIV分离株同源性在80.4%~84.1%之间。进化关系表明,该8株SIV与A-swine-Shanghai-3-2005-H1N1同处一分支,与2009年甲型H1N1流感病毒和经典SIV分离株亲缘关系较近,与欧洲类禽SIV分离株亲缘关系较远。     

我国猪病流行现状及其防治对策

猪病是影响我国养猪业健康发展的主要因素,笔者对当前猪病流行的现状、趋势和防治对策进行了简要的综述,以期为我国养猪业的健康发展提供有益的参考。     

离体研究脂肪型与瘦肉型猪脂肪组织代谢的年龄性变化

采用离体组织培养技术对不同经济类型猪种的脂肪合成代谢及分解代谢进行了比较研究。结果表明,脂肪的分解代谢在品种间差异不显著,而月龄间差异极显著,即随着年龄的增长,其脂解率明显下降。香猪利用#+14C-葡萄糖掺入总脂、脂肪酸、甘油及CO#-2的能力均显著高于长白猪,且脂肪酸的合成随年龄的增长而上升,甘油的合成随年龄的增长而下降。脂肪的合成代谢及分解代谢平衡的结果最终说明了脂肪随年龄增长而沉积增多的规律。     

猪乳中IgG和有关生长因子的动态变化

选择８头３～４胎,产仔数９～１３头的健康内蒙黑猪（大白猪×内蒙黑猪）,对其分娩后２８ｄ泌乳期内初乳和常乳中的胰岛素（ｌｎｓ）、上皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）、皮质醇（Ｃｏｒｔ）、ＩｇＧ和总蛋白（ＴＰ）进行了动态分析。结果表明,母猪刚分娩时其初乳中Ｉｎｓ、ＥＧＦ、Ｃｏｒｔ、ＩｇＧ、ＴＰ含量与常乳比较都很高（ｐ＜０．０５）,但是分娩后２４ｈ,初乳中这些成分除Ｉｎｓ外均急剧下降（ｐ＜０．０５）,并且到分娩后的７ｄ,猪乳中的上述成分接近常乳水平（ｐ＞０．０５）。