分子标记在花生中的应用现状及前景

分子标记反映了DNA分子的多态性,可以作为研究生物遗传变异和进化关系的重要手段。介绍了常用分子标记技术的原理、方法、特点及其在花生上的应用现状,同时展望了分子标记技术在花生上的应用前景。     

基于SSR和SRAP标记的苹果品种亲缘关系分析

【目的】用SSR和SRAP分子标记技术,分析苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.)重要栽培品种的亲缘关系,为苹果杂交育种亲本及组合的选配提供参考。【方法】用亲缘关系较近的金冠和秦冠筛选SSR和SRAP多态性引物,利用SSR和SRAP分子标记技术对37个苹果栽培品种进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。【结果】筛选出了用于37个苹果主栽品种亲缘关系分析的10对SSR和10对SRAP引物,其分别产生56和64条扩增带,平均多态性比率分别为61.09%和70.8%。根据SSR+SRAP分析结果,37个苹果品种被聚为6大类。【结论】所选取的引物能够有效地揭示供试苹果品种的遗传多样性,并且苹果品种分类与传统系谱基本一致。     

基于SRAP标记的百合部分种及品种遗传结构分析

 筛选了15对SRAP（Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism）标记引物,对80个百合种及品种组成的样本进行标记,以所获的144个多态性位点和杂交试验获得的胚数,采用Pritchard分类方法对80个样本进行遗传结构分群分析。将试验样本划分为4个群,群体S1以亚洲百合杂种系的品种及原生种为主,群体S2以铁炮百合系的品种为主,群体S3以东方百合系的品种及原生种为主,群体S4则以OT杂交品种及原生种（S4）为主组成群,分群结果与传统百合杂种系的分类有一定的一致性;以S3群内部分样本杂交获得的胚数量作为亲和性指标与双亲群组分差异相关分析显示：群内双亲群组分差异绝对值与杂交获得胚的数量呈显著相关,表明分群及其组分能够比传统分类更好地体现出各样本间的主成分组成和遗传关系。据此,在百合杂交育种中可将分群以及组分作为亲本选配参考。     

Exploitation of SSR,SRAP and CAPS-SNP markers for genetic diversity of Citrus germplasm collection

The present study was to assess informativeness and efficiency of three different molecular markers for genetic diversity among 24 Citrus and its relative species. Sixty one SSR, 33 SRAP and 24 CAPS-SNP markers were used to evaluate the level of polymorphism and discriminating capacity. A total of 596, 656 and 135 polymorphic amplicons were observed in SSR, SRAP and CAPS-SNP markers with average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.97, 0.98 and 0.89, respectively. High levels of polymorphism were recorded for SSR and SRAP compared with CAPS-SNP markers. The highest correlations (r = 0.930) were obtained between SSR and SRAP markers, whereas SSR and CAPS-SNP were poorly correlated (r = 0.833). Cluster analysis was performed to construct dendrograms using UPGMA. And the dendrogram from SSR data was most congruent with the general dendrogram. These findings provide basis for future efficient use of these molecular markers in the genetic analysis of Citrus and its relatives.     

青钱柳种质资源多样性SRAP初步分析

为了利用分子标记方法评价青钱柳种质资源的遗传多样性,本文对青钱柳DNA的提取、SRAP扩增体系重要参数进行了优化,运用优化体系筛选多态性引物,并用1对引物对青钱柳9个种源进行了遗传多样性初步分析。研究结果建立了适于青钱柳SRAP的扩增体系;从110对SRAP引物中筛选出了13对多态性引物,运用1对引物组合Me7＋Em2扩增获得21个多态性位点,多态率达100%。遗传多样性分析表明有效等位基因数（Ne）为1.3429,平均Shannon＇s信息指数（I）为0.3687,Nei＇s基因多样性指数（H）为0.2267,种源的遗传分化指数Gst为0.1983;聚类分析结果表明9个种源在遗传距离0.100处聚为3类,聚类结果和地理距离之间呈现较高的相关性。本文的研究结果表明所建立的青钱柳种质资源库具有广泛的遗传多样性,为进一步的开发利用提供了条件。     

Pattern of genetic diversity of cultivated and non-cultivated mashua, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tropaeolum tuberosum</Emphasis>, in the Cusco region of Perú

This paper analyzes the genetic diversity of mashua cultivars grown in six communities in the Cusco region of Perú, of non-cultivated forms collected in the same region, and a sample of cultivars from the germplasm collection at the International Potato Center (CIP). From the DNA fingerprinting generated by SRAP markers, it is clear that mashua is a genetically variable crop with a range of similarity ranging from 65 to 99%. The widest range of variation was found for the most isolated community, Sayllafaya. Another important finding was that most of the non-cultivated accessions are likely feral races resulting from escape to cultivation rather than wild relatives. In general the range of variation of the cultivars from the communities and their feral relatives are not represented in the cultivars sampled of the collection maintained at the International Potato Center, Perú.     

Molecular identification and genetic analysis for 24 turf-type Cynodon cultivars by Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism markers

Bermudagrass (Cynodon ssp.) germplasm is genetically diverse and widely distributed in the world. The study was conducted to identify and assess the molecular variation and relationship among 24 cultivars developed in China, Australia and the USA. Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) was applied to cultivars identification in this study for the first time. Thirty of the 90 SRAP primer combinations generated a total of 274 clearly bands encompassing 249 (91%) polymorphic. Each bermudagrass cultivar has its unique binary code and can be distinguished from the others. Three distinct clusters were obtained by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on the polymorphic markers. Coefficients of genetic distance among the genotypes ranged from 0.57 to 0.97. The results demonstrated that SRAP marker is a stable molecular marker technique for the identification of bermudagrass cultivars and their genetic relationships.     

猴头菌DNA提取条件及SRAP- PCR体系的

以猴头菌(Hericiumerinaceus)菌丝体为试验材料,建立最优的DNA提取条件和SRAP- PCR扩增体系.结果表明:改进的SDS- CTAB法能较好地满足猴头菌属DNA的提取,优化后SRAP- PCR反应体系经过验证,该体系可用于猴头菌的遗传多样性分析和品种鉴定.     

番茄品种分子指纹的SRAP分析

[目的]利用SRAP技术对3个番茄样品进行品种鉴定。[方法]以3个番茄样品(瓯秀806、瓯秀201和一个待确认品种)的新鲜叶片为试验材料,通过改良的CTAB法提取DNA,对其进行SRAP分析并构建供试样品间的聚类树状图。[结果]利用设计的54对引物扩增出多态性位点103个,分析表明3号番茄品种确认为瓯秀806。[结论]该试验结果表明应用SRAP分析技术可以对番茄品种进行有效的鉴定。