常用实验动物血清雌二醇和孕酮的测定及比较

目的测定NIH、BABL/C、C57BL/6J小鼠、SD、Wistar大鼠和长爪沙鼠等几种常用实验动物的血清雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)水平,为动物生殖和胚胎工程等方面的研究提供基础资料。方法用放射免疫分析法测定上述动物生产前后血清雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)水平,进行统计学处理和比较。结果在未生产动物中,血清E2、P的含量与特定物种的体重呈正相关的趋势(p<0.01);血清P的含量在动物生产前后变化较大,生产过动物均高于未生产动物(p<0.01)。结论动物血清E2、P的含量具种属特异性;但在已生产动物中似无明显关联。血清P的含量变化与其在动物体内的正常分泌及生理功能相对应。     

Factors affecting plasma prolactin concentrations throughout gestation in high producing dairy cows

The aim of the present study was to investigate possible relationships between plasma concentrations of prolactin and the following factors throughout gestation in lactating dairy cows: photoperiod, season, milk production, Neospora caninum-seropositivity, twin pregnancy, and plasma concentrations of pregnancy associated glycoproteins-1 (PAG-1), progesterone and cortisol. Pregnancy was diagnosed by trans-rectal ultrasonography on Day 40 post-insemination and by palpation per rectum on Days 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 or until abortion in aborting cows. Blood samples were collected from each animal immediately before each pregnancy diagnosis. The study population was comprised of 73 non-aborting (54 Neospora-seropositive cows) and 20 aborting cows (all Neospora-seropositive) cows. In non-aborting cows, GLM repeated measures of analysis of variance revealed that lactation number and days in milk had no effect on plasma prolactin concentrations throughout gestation, whereas high plasma prolactin concentrations were significantly associated with high plasma levels of cortisol and PAG-1, with Neospora-seropositivity, positive photoperiod (increasing day length), twin pregnancy, and with low plasma progesterone concentrations. An interaction among plasma prolactin, plasma cortisol and milk production was observed in that plasma prolactin concentrations differed significantly throughout gestation and were highest in high-producing cows with high cortisol levels. In Neospora-seropositive non-aborting versus aborting cows, mean prolactin concentrations failed to differ on Days 40, 90, 120, 150 and 180 of pregnancy, whereas prolactin values were significantly lower (P = 0.03) in aborting animals on Day 210 of pregnancy. Our results indicate that a positive photoperiod and Neospora-infection lead to increased plasma prolactin concentrations throughout gestation. Reduced prolactin concentrations detected in Neospora-seropositive aborting cows compared to non-aborting animals suggests a protective effect of prolactin in N. caninum infection.     

广西地区食蟹猴配种后主要生殖激素的变化

[目的]探讨广西地区笼养雌性食蟹猴配种后生殖激素的变化水平。[方法]采用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定食蟹猴配种后血清雌二醇（E1）、孕酮（P）和催乳素（PRL）的水平变化。[结果]结果表明,在配种后1～60d孕酮的含量缓慢降低,第60天降到最低水平（0．22±0．06）ng／ml,其后缓慢上升。第105天出现一个大的峰值,为（1．15±0．12）ng／ml,峰值过后浓度呈下降趋势,整个测定时期的平均值为（0．66±0．08）ng／ml。雌二醇的含量除了在第75天有一个较大的峰值[（86．92±18．54）pg/ml]外一直处于一个稳定的水平,在第120天后呈逐渐上升的趋势,整个测定时期的平均值为（35．16±5．12）pg／ml。催乳素的含量在配种后1～90d稳步上升,第90天出现一个小的峰值,为（99．62±44．56）IU／ml。第105天后含量上升较快,催乳素在整个测定时期的平均值为（103．64±37．36）IU／ml。[结论]该研究为采用食蟹猴作为动物模型探讨不孕不育的病因和发病机理提供参考依据。     

Effect of exogenous progesterone administration on luteal sensitivity to PGF during the early development of the corpus luteum in mares and cows

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous progesterone administration at ovulation and during the early development of the CL, on its future sensitivity to a single administration of PGF2a in mares and cows. Horse Retrospective reproductive data from an equine clinic in the UK during three breeding seasons were used. Mares were divided into: control group, cycles with single ovulations; double ovulation group cycles with asynchronous double ovulations; and PRID group: cycles with single ovulations and treatment with intravaginal progesterone device (CIDR) immediately after the ovulation. All mares were treated with d‐cloprostenol (PGF) at either: (i) 88 hr; (ii) 96 hr; (iii) 104 hr; or (iv) 112 hr after the last ovulation. Cattle A total of nine non‐lactating Holstein cows were used. All cows were administered PGF14 d apart and allocated to one of two groups control group GnRH was administered 56 hr after the second PGF administration. CIDR group CIDR was inserted at the same time of GnRH administration. All cows were administered PGF at 120 hr post‐ovulation. The complete luteolysis rate of mares with double ovulation (66.7%) and those treated with exogenous progesterone (68.4%) was significantly higher than the rate of mares with single ovulation (35.6%) at 104 hr. In the cow, however, the treatment with CIDR did not increase the luteolytic response in cows treated at 120 hr post‐ovulation. In conclusion, the degree of complete luteolysis can be influenced by increasing the concentration of progesterone during the early luteal development in mares.     

鲁西黄牛妊娠周期血清生殖及相关激素变化规律研究

[目的]为了进一步提高鲁西黄牛的繁殖性能,有必要对妊娠周期中生殖及相关激素的分泌规律进行研究。[方法]利用放射性免疫法对空怀期、妊娠3个月、妊娠6个月、围产期以及分娩后母牛血清中雌二醇、孕酮、催乳素、游离T3（甲状腺素）和IGF-Ⅰ（胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ）等激素浓度进行测定。[结果]随妊娠时间的延长,体重、胸围、腰角宽、尻长、髋宽和管围等体尺指标都逐渐增加,并且体重与游离T3含量有极显著的相关关系。妊娠早期循环血液中雌二醇含量很低,到妊娠中期开始增长,围产期达到高峰。而孕酮分泌量在妊娠早期逐渐上升,妊娠中期稍有下降,到围产期时又逐渐增加并达到高峰。IGF-Ⅰ含量在整个妊娠周期中一直保持上升趋势。催乳素含量在妊娠6个月以前增加不明显,直到围产期时分泌量开始迅速增加,分娩后持续上升。[结论]通过对鲁西黄牛妊娠周期血清生殖及相关激素的检测,为以后进一步提高其繁殖性能提供依据。     

Aglepristone decreases proliferation in progesterone receptor-positive canine mammary carcinomas

Background: Progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist aglepristone (RU534) has been used successfully for pregnancy termination and therapy of pyometra, vaginal tumors, and mammary hyperplasia in bitches and queens. All of these conditions share with canine mammary carcinomas the expression of PR. Objectives: To study the effect of RU534 on proliferation and apoptosis in canine mammary carcinomas in relation to PR expression. Animals: Twenty‐seven nonspayed bitches with mammary carcinomas were treated with either 2 doses of 20 mg/kg RU534 (n = 22, RU534‐treated group) or oil placebo (n = 5, control group) on days 1 and 8. Methods: Tumor samples were collected before (day 1) and after (day 15) treatment for immunohistochemistry. PR expression, proliferation index (PI), and apoptotic index (AI) were determined using antibodies against PR, Ki67, and cleaved lamin A/C antigens, respectively. The effect of treatment on these parameters was analyzed. Results: Differential expression of PR between day 1 (59.1% PR‐positive tumors) and day 15 (36.4% PR‐positive tumors) was observed in RU534‐treated tumors exclusively. After RU534 treatment, mean PI was significantly decreased in PR‐positive but unchanged in PR‐negative RU534‐treated tumors. A reduction of ≥20% in PI was found in 61.5% of RU534‐treated tumors with PR expression. Conversely, no effect on AI was observed after RU534 treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Neoadjuvant RU534 treatment had PR expression‐related inhibiting effects on proliferation of canine mammary carcinoma cells.     

早期妊娠猕猴孕激素水平的检测

利用全自动化学发光免疫分析仪检测正常未妊娠的与不同孕期猕猴血清中雌二醇及孕酮的分泌水平。结果表明孕5d、10d、25d、30d血清孕酮比正常猕猴的分泌水平有非常明显的上升（P〈0.01）,孕15d也有显著的上升（P〈0.05）;孕15d、20d的雌二醇分泌水平比正常组有非常显著升高（P〈0.01）,而孕5d、10d、2...     

孕酮对鸡蛋壳品质的影响

本试验旨在通过腿肌注射孕酮来研究孕酮对蛋壳品质的影响。选取72只40周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为6组,每组12只蛋鸡,单笼饲养。对照组注射花生油;处理1在排卵后5 h注射1.00 mg/kg体重(BW)的孕酮;处理2和处理3分别在排卵后5 h和2 h注射0.25 mg/kg BW的孕酮;处理4和处理5分别在排卵后2 h和1 h注射0.15 mg/kg BW的孕酮。处理后第2天上午收集各组所产鸡蛋,测定蛋壳强度和厚度。结果表明:处理1所产蛋均为破壳蛋,处理2含部分破壳蛋和部分蛋壳完好的鸡蛋,处理3、处理4和处理5没有破壳蛋;与对照组相比,处理1和处理2的蛋壳厚度降低(P<0.05),处理4蛋壳强度和厚度增加(P<0.05),处理3和处理5的蛋壳强度和厚度无显著差异;与对照组比,处理1和处理4的蛋壳超微结构差异显著。结果显示,孕酮可以影响蛋壳强度和厚度,改变蛋壳超微结构,其影响程度与剂量和注射时间有关。     

锰对白耳鸡血浆LH雌激素孕酮含量的影响

对经含 Mn9(Ⅰ组)、59(对照组)、209(Ⅲ)PPm 日粮处理的产蛋母鸡用放射免疫测定法检测血浆中 LH,雌激素和孕酮的合量。结果表明:血浆 LH 的平均值,实验各期Ⅰ组是2.24±0.18ng/ml,对照组是2.59%±0.22ng/ml,Ⅲ组是1.91±0.09ng/ml,Ⅲ纽非常显著地低于对照组(P<0.01),排卵用期中Ⅰ组为1.54±0.21ng/ml,对照组为1.75±0.26ng/ml,Ⅲ组为1.41±0.24ng/ml;血浆雌激素平均值,实验各期对照组是161.20±8.36pg/ml,高于Ⅰ组的102.39±5.72pg/ml(P<0.01)和Ⅲ组的120.52±7.75pg/ml(P<0.01),排卵周期中对照组为82.84±10.37Pg/ml,高于Ⅰ组的61.82±7.09和Ⅲ组81.04±12.22pg/ml;血浆孕酮平均值,实验各期Ⅰ组为1.28±0.12ng/ml,低于对照组的1.77±0.11ng/ml(P<0.01)和Ⅲ组的1.58±0.10ng/ml(P<0.05),排卵周期中Ⅰ组是三组中最低的;在排卵周期中各组都在排卵前8小时出现血浆雌激素峰值,在排卵前4小时出现血浆 LH、孕酮峰值,但Ⅰ、Ⅲ组的血浆 LH,雌激素和孕酮峰值水平与对照组比,明显降低,这可能是由于 Mn 缺乏或过多引起产蛋率下降的原因。本文还对高 Mn 或低 Mn 日粮引起血浆 LH 水平下降的机理进行了讨论。     

北方山溪鲵精巢中性类固醇激素的免疫细胞化学研究

探讨3种性类固醇激素在北方山溪鲵精子发育过程中的调控作用.用免疫细胞化学方法对3种激素在山溪鲵精子发生周期不同时期在精巢中的细胞定位进行检测.结果表明雄激素分布在精原细胞的胞质中,尔后转移到精母细胞及精子细胞的核中;雌激素一直存在于生精细胞的胞质及核膜周围;孕激素分布在精原细胞及精母细胞的胞质中,随后在精子细胞的核质中有表达.雄激素在早期的精子发生和转型中起作用,而雌激素主要以非基因组效应参与生精细胞的增殖,孕激素在精子发育后期精子细胞的变态中起作用.3种激素以不同的方式调控精子的发生.