扑杀病害奶牛时静松灵和敌敌畏联合应用效果观察

布鲁氏菌病（以下简称布病）和牛结核病为人畜共患病,我国将＂两病＂规定为二类动物疫病。尤其是布病对人畜普遍易感,且经接触、空气、黏膜多途径传播、感染,疫情发生后,按照＂检、杀、免、消＂的防治原则,进行科学的果断处置,使疫情得到控制,对提高人口质量,促进畜牧业健康发展具有极为重要的意义。在扑杀过程中,静松灵（Xylazine Hydrochloride Injection）和敌敌畏（DD-VP）的联合应用,成本低,省时省力,符合动物福利原则,虽不是完全的安乐死,但使动物痛苦得到了降低,值得推广。     

鸭源大肠杆菌氟苯尼考耐药基因floR的流行调查

[目的]了解我国部分地区鸭源大肠杆菌氟苯尼考耐药基因floR在临床菌株中的流行情况。[方法]采用美国临床实验室标准化委员会(CLSI)推荐的肉汤微量稀释法测定22株鸭大肠杆菌对氟苯尼考等9种药物的敏感性,并应用PCR方法检测氟苯尼考耐药基因floR。[结果]22株鸭源大肠杆菌对氟苯尼考和四环素全部耐药,耐药率达100%,呈现多重耐药性特点;其氟苯尼考耐药基因floR检出率为90.9%,与耐药表型基本一致。[结论]氟苯尼考在我国部分地区呈现高耐药性,对其耐药基因的监测为临床抗菌药物的合理使用提供了理论依据。     

水溶性氟苯尼考的研制

采用溶剂法固体分散技术制备氟苯尼考固体分散体,增加氟苯尼考的水溶性,提高其生物利用度,为进一步制成理想剂型打下基础。通过高效液相色谱法测定氟苯尼考固体分散体的体外溶解度和溶出度;采用差热分析法鉴别氟苯尼考在载体中的存在状态。结果表明,与氟苯尼考本身相比,固体分散体中氟苯尼考溶解度和溶出度明显增大,氟苯尼考固体分散体能显著提高氟苯尼考的水溶性。     

Live foals produced from sperm-injected oocytes derived from pregnant mares

Recently, in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the horse has met with less than anticipated results. Various problems associated with equine IVF include: (1) the inability to collect large numbers of good quality oocytes, (2) the alteration of the zona pellucida associated with in vitro maturation of equine oocytes, and (3) the improper preparation of equine sperm cells for IVF of these oocytes. Therefore, this study was conducted to achieve fertilization via sperm injection of equine oocytes and to produce live offspring from this IVF procedure. Oocytes were collected by transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval procedures from early pregnant mares of mixed breeds (day 14 to day 70 of pregnancy) and were matured in vitro and subjected to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Injected oocytes were then cultured for 48 hours in either TCM-199 or P-1 medium (glucose and phosphate-free medium) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum. Cleavage rates for embryos cultured in the two culture media were different (47% vs. 63% in TCM-199 and P-1, respectively). Also, four Grade 1 embryos were surgically transferred into the oviducts of four recipient mares (one embryo/mare) at 48 hours post-ICSI, with three pregnancies (75%) developing as ultrasonically demonstrated by the presence of an embryonic vesicle in the uterine body by day 16 post-ICSI. On June 23rd one live filly was born after 328 days of gestation and subsequently, a second healthy filly was born after 319 days of gestation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of live foals resulting from in vitro fertilization (via ICSI) of in vitro matured oocytes recovered from pregnant mares using an efficient, repeatable transvaginal ultrasound-guided procedure.     

阿莫西林钠对奶牛乳房炎的防治试验

对奶牛临床型乳房炎的治疗试验结果表明,以5 mg/kg体重,肌肉注射阿莫西林钠,1日2次,连用3 d,治愈率达91.3%,对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗结果表明:治疗组产犊后隐性乳房炎乳区阳性率分别为78.6%和7.1%,与青霉素-链霉素粉针药物对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

促进云南松母树林开花结实研究

云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)木材质量下降,其主要原因是用遗传品质低劣的种子造林。为保证云南松材质优良,提高林分经济价值,必须选用优质种子造林。优质种源基地建立以后,如何使母树早结实、多结实,作者在云南省永仁县白马河林场云南松母树林中进行了试验研究。经过四年的实施、观察、分析得出下列结论:对云南母树施氮肥,种子产量增加265％;施硼砂,种子产量增加175.32％;在树干上注射赤霉素和高锰酸钾,种子产量增加43.76％和87.66％;对云南松母树树冠适当修剪能改变树冠的形状,增加结实层和树冠表面积,这些措施既不会改变云南松的遗传特性,又能提高种子产量,在生产上简单易行,建议在林木种子生产部门试用。     

氟苯尼考胺人工抗原的合成与鉴定

[目的]合成并鉴定氟苯尼考胺人工抗原.[方法]采用水解的方法制备了氟苯尼考胺,并通过紫外、红外、质谱鉴定氟苯尼考胺水解成功.采用戊二醛法合成了氟苯尼考人工抗原,并通过紫外光谱进行鉴定.免疫大白兔制备了氟苯尼考胺高特异性抗体.[结果]通过紫外、红外、质谱鉴定氟苯尼考胺水解成功,抗体效价达6.4×104.[结论]氟苯尼考胺人工抗原合成成功,为建立FFA免疫化学方法奠定了技术基础.     

防治杨柳树飘絮措施探讨

分析了银川市杨柳树飞絮的成因和危害,总结了目前使用的注射药剂、高接换头、喷水、引进新品种、雌株主干重剪、树下种草、灌木6种治理技术,认为通过带有高压喷头的洒水车给杨树喷水是治理杨树飞絮的一种见效快、成本低的方法,从根本上解决柳树飞絮问题的方法是高位嫁接技术,更新杨柳树品种是解决杨柳树飞絮问题的一种可持续发展的治理方法。     

柱塞式两次喷油泵驱动凸轮的设计及其运动特性分析

参考一次喷油泵的设计手册,进行了两次喷油泵的驱动凸轮的改型设计,对凸轮的运动特性进行了分析,驱动凸轮能两次推动柱塞完成两次喷油的过程。     

直喷式柴油机喷油特性的测试分析

为分析柴油机的燃烧过程和性能，在喷油泵试验台上用W．Bosch长管法研究了喷油过程。介绍了试验装置和原理，分析了测试精度。试验结果表明：喷油管内气泡产生与压力波尾部形状有关；长管内残余压力很低，燃油声速接近理论声速；喷油率图近似于梯形，燃油喷射呈“先急后缓”的特征；喷油压力、喷油始点、喷油持续角和喷油率均取决于柴油机转速和负荷。