EM制剂对鸡的生长性能与鸡粪除臭效果的影响

探讨了EM制剂对AA鸡的生长性能以及鸡粪除臭的影响。试验对象为经过共同饲养18日龄的AA肉鸡，进行初次称重，并按其体重交叉分组法均匀分为五组(CK对照组、A、B、C、D试验组)，对照组饲料不添加EM制剂，试验组A、B、C三组添加2/1000由华南农大动科系生态实验室提供的EM制剂，D组添加2/1000台湾产亚罗康商品活菌制剂。整个实验期为22d。结果表明，EM制剂不能使鸡的增重、屠宰率、全净膛率有明显的提高，但能增强鸡对疾病的抵抗，能提高成活率和饲料报酬，明显地降低鸡粪的臭味。     

日粮中搭配发酵鸡粪饲喂肥育猪的效果

本试验选60头6月龄肥育猪随机分为四组,在基础日粮中用不同比例的发酵鸡粪(10%、20%、30%)代替等量的混合料,并设立对照组,试验期21天。结果表明,各试验组与对照组的平均日增重无显著差异(P>0.05)。其中以30%的发酵鸡粪代替等量混合料,每公斤增重可节省混合料26.48％,可降低饲料成本15.98％。我们认为,在猪日粮中以适当比例发酵鸡粪代替部分混合料不明显影响增重,具有降低成本,提高经济效益的优点,在生产中是可行的。     

鸡新城疫病毒强毒株的分离及生物学特性鉴定

用SPF鸡胚及鸡胚成纤维细胞，从病死鸡的脑组织中分离到一株病毒。此病毒能凝集鸡的红细胞，而且这种凝集可以被特异性抗血清所抑制。通过对分离株进行回归实验，MDT、ICPI、IVPI及其他生物学特性实验、空斑实验、中和试验、电镜观察等，证实该分离株为新城疫病毒强毒株。     

家鸡LDH同工酶的发生遗传学分析

采用不同连续缓冲系统的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法，结合组织特异性染色和酶谱区带活性扫描技术，对家鸡胚胎期和生后期不同生长发育阶段各组织器官的乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）同工酶进行了测定。结果表明，鸡胚胎期Ｂ型ＬＤＨ同工酶占优势（５１．４￣９９．８％），生后期则有３种不同表现：心、眼、脑组织继续保持Ｂ亚基的优势地位；肝、肾组织呈现Ｂ型酶含量的微弱上升；胸肌则发生Ｂ型酶到Ａ型的颠倒转换。ＬＤＨ同工酶的这种表达特征是     

Propagation in vitro of pear, Pyrus communis L., cultivars ‘William's Bon Chrétien’, ‘Packham's Triumph’ and ‘Beurré Bosc’

Shoot cultures were established from nodal explants of 3 pear cultivars by subculture on Murashige and Skoog medium containing mixtures of 3 cytokinins. Zeatin and 6·(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine were both supplied at 10 μM and benzyladenine as follows: ‘William's Bon Chrétien’, 6 μM; ‘Packham's Triumph’, 8 μM; ‘Beurré Bosc’, 10 μM. Production of axillary shoots was greater by basal explants (4–6) comprising the remnants of the previous subculture than by apical explants (2–3) comprising the distal parts of extension shoots. Up to 80% of microcuttings of all cultivars formed roots in vitro with either γ-indolebutyric acid, 10 μM, or α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 10 μM, and approximately 50% of rooted microcuttings were successfully established as container-grown plants. Use of aseptic methods for producing own-rooted pears is discussed in relation to fruit growing and fruit improvement.     

Risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica infection in senegalese broiler-chicken flocks

Our objective was to assess the association of managerial practices, general hygiene and Salmonella infection in Senegalese broiler flocks. Seventy broilers farms were studied from January 2000 to December 2001 around Dakar. A questionnaire was submitted to the farmers and samples of fresh broiler droppings were taken. A 28.6% of the flocks were infected by Salmonella (mainly Hadar and Brancaster serovars). Salmonella infection of the previous flock (OR=6.82) and of day-old chicks (OR=3.73), frequent poultry farmers’ visits (OR=5.38) and keeping sick birds inside the farm (OR=5.32) increased the risk of Salmonella infection. But, using antibiotics on day-old chicks (OR=0.17) and a detergent for cleaning (OR=0.16) decreased the risk.     

Identification of Salmonella spp. isolates from chicken abattoirs by multiplex-PCR

The present study was carried out to report the occurrence Salmonella spp., Salmonella Enteritidis, and Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken abattoirs. Samples of feces; feathers; scald, evisceration, and chiller water; and rinse water of non-eviscerated, eviscerated, and chilled carcass were collected from six chicken abattoirs. Salmonella isolates were identified by a multiplex-PCR using three sets of primers targeting the invA, pefA, and sefA gene sequences from Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, respectively. Salmonella spp. was detected in 10% (29/288) of the samples, whereas serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium were identified in 62% (7/288), respectively. The results indicate the need to improve hygiene and sanitary standards in poultry slaughter lines, besides the education of food handlers and information to consumers.     

扶桑绵粉蚧辐照处理研究

为了寻求扶桑绵粉蚧有效除害处理方法,本文测定了γ-射线不同辐照剂量对该虫发育繁殖的影响,结果表明:随着辐照剂量的增加,各虫龄继续发育的比例明显降低;相同剂量水平下,各虫龄对辐照的耐受性随虫龄增大而增强,以3龄若虫和成虫的耐受性最强;大规模辐照测定表明,采用130Gy可有效阻止3龄若虫和雌成虫后代的发育繁殖。     

猪干扰素α1与胸腺肽α1融合蛋白原核表达系统的建立

依据GenBank已发表的猪干扰素α1(poIFN-α1)成熟肽基因序列,胸腺肽α1(THY-α1)蛋白序列及Escherichia coliB密码子使用频率表,优化并人工合成poIFN-α1和THY-α1基因,利用SOE-PCR法在poIFN-α1和THY-α1之间设计1个13肽Linker。将融合基因克隆至pRSFDue-t 1表达载体,转化BL21(DE3)感受态,37℃培养至菌液OD600为0.6~0.8,IPTG(0.5 mmol/L)诱导,20℃培养12h,SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定。结果表明:目的蛋白为菌体内可溶性表达,经强阴离子交换层析和疏水层析纯化获得高纯度poIFNα1-THYα1融合蛋白。     

微生物发酵合成γ-氨基丁酸的研究进展

γ-氨基丁酸是一种用于医药、食品中的新型功能性因子,由于化学合成法和植物富集法具有明显的缺点,因此微生物发酵合成γ-氨基丁酸成为目前研究的热点。该研究论述了产GABA的微生物、其培养基优化和诱变育种以及谷氨酸脱羧酶基因的研究进展。