硫酸锰在肉鸡体内药代动力学研究

实验研究了30日龄肉鸡按55.38mg/Kg.体质量剂量灌服10%硫酸锰溶液后不同时间采血,应用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定血药浓度,经微机处理得出血药浓度及药动学参数,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:C=80.8013(e-0.0709t-e-0.4402t)。主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为1.5747hrs,t1/2Ke为9.7698hrs,tp为5.6617hrs,Cmax为48.3581ug/L,AUC为967.9305(μg/L).h。根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数。τ定为12h,(C∝)max为95.997μg/L,c为80.6609μg/L,(C∝)min为4.0668μg/L,D*为3.2794mg/Kg.BW,D0为1.8789mg/Kg.BW,R为1.7454。     

采前施用钾肥对菠萝果实贮藏特性的影响

为提高果实的贮藏品质,以菠萝品种巴厘(Ananas comosus cv.Comtede Paris)为试材,采用滴灌形式,研究施钾(硫酸钾和氯化钾)对果实贮藏期间可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、可滴定酸和可溶性糖的影响.结果表明:适量增施硫酸钾能提高果实采收时可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可滴定酸、维生素C的含量;延缓果实贮藏中后期可溶性固形物、维生素C和可滴定酸含量的下降,提高可溶性蛋白含量.而增施氯化钾则显著减少了采收时果实可溶性固形物含量,并且不影响贮藏期间果实维生素C含量.因此,施900 kg/hm2硫酸钾处理果实贮藏品质更好.     

Anti HSV-1 Activity of Halistanol Sulfate and Halistanol Sulfate C Isolated from Brazilian Marine Sponge Petromica citrina (Demospongiae)

The n-butanol fraction (BF) obtained from the crude extract of the marine sponge Petromica citrina, the halistanol-enriched fraction (TSH fraction), and the isolated compounds halistanol sulfate (1) and halistanol sulfate C (2), were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the replication of the Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1, KOS strain) by the viral plaque number reduction assay. The TSH fraction was the most effective against HSV-1 replication (SI = 15.33), whereas compounds 1 (SI = 2.46) and 2 (SI = 1.95) were less active. The most active fraction and these compounds were also assayed to determine the viral multiplication step(s) upon which they act as well as their potential synergistic effects. The anti-HSV-1 activity detected was mediated by the inhibition of virus attachment and by the penetration into Vero cells, the virucidal effect on virus particles, and by the impairment in levels of ICP27 and gD proteins of HSV-1. In summary, these results suggest that the anti-HSV-1 activity of TSH fraction detected is possibly related to the synergic effects of compounds 1 and 2.     

秸秆还田下生物炭和硫酸铵对稻田N2O和CH4排放的影响

【目的】以江淮地区麦茬稻田为对象,研究秸秆还田下不同施肥处理对稻田N2O和CH4排放的影响,并结合水稻产量计算不同处理综合温室效应（GWPs）和温室气体强度（GHGI）。【方法】试验采用裂区设计,主处理2个水平,为秸秆还田（S）和秸秆移除（NS）,副处理4个水平,分别为不施氮肥（CK）、传统施肥（T0）、生物炭与尿素配施（T1）和单施硫酸铵（T2）,共计8个处理,采用静态暗箱GC气相色谱法检测不同处理稻田N2O和CH4排放通量,测定土壤温度、湿度和无机氮含量,统计水稻产量,计算综合温室效应和温室气体强度。【结果】无论是秸秆还田还是移除条件下,除CK外,其他施肥处理的 N2O和CH4排放通量都会在基肥和追肥施用后出现峰值。无论秸秆还田与否,与传统施肥处理相比,生物炭与尿素配施和单施硫酸铵处理均能显著降低N2O和CH4累积排放通量。在秸秆还田和移除条件下,与传统施肥处理相比,生物炭与尿素配施处理均会导致水稻产量显著降低,但会提高土壤NO-3含量,增加对周围水体污染的风险。在秸秆移除和还田条件下,与传统施肥处理相比,单施硫酸铵均能显著增加水稻产量,增幅分别为12.27%和7.78%。与秸秆移除相比,秸秆还田条件下单施硫酸铵会显著促进N2O排放,但显著降低CH4的排放以及综合温室效应和温室气体强度。【结论】在目前秸秆还田造成CH4排放增加的背景下,用硫酸铵替代尿素能显著降低CH4排放,并提高水稻产量,降低综合温室效应,施用效果最佳。     

Sulfur metabolism in Allium cepa is hardly affected by chloride and sulfate salinity

Salinity as a major agricultural problem can affect crop growth and quality. Onion (Allium cepa L.) plant contains a wide variety of sulfur-containing compounds which may be involved in plant protection against salt stress. In the current study, a similar reduction in growth caused by chloride and sulfate salts was observed when onion was exposed to equimolar concentrations of Na⁺. Also, no difference was observed for shoot/root ratio and dry matter content of roots and shoots. Plants accumulated Na⁺ and the respective anions (chloride and sulfate) which in turn caused changes in the content of other nutrients. The content of potassium and calcium was decreased more than the other elements by both sodium salts. Sulfate salinity resulted in substantial increase in total sulfur and sulfate content but chloride salinity affected neither the total sulfur nor sulfate content of the roots and shoots, only in onion exposed to 200 mM chloride salt, those of roots and shoots were reduced. Furthermore, the water-soluble non-protein thiol content as well as the content of alliin remained rather unaffected. In conclusion, either salts affected the uptake and distribution of sulfate in onion, but had no or only a minor effect on the plant sulfur metabolism.     

Biofortification of onion bulb with selenium at different levels of sulfate

In this research experiment, two commercial onion cultivars (Allium cepa L., cvs. Dorrcheh and Cebolla Valenciana) were grown in sand culture and exposed to two levels of selenium (Se) (0 and 25?µM) and two levels of sulfate (1 and 3?mM). According to the results obtained, addition of 25?µM Se in combination with 3?mM sulfate was not only effective in significant increase of onion bulb yield, but it significantly increased Se concentration of bulb. By considering the average consumption of onion in central Iran, the daily intake of Se via consumption of Se-biofortified onion is estimated to be 68.4–77.2?µg in spring and summer and 72.6–117.1?µg in fall and winter. These amounts of daily intakes of Se is higher than the sufficient levels of Se recommended by world health organization (WHO) but less than the maximum tolerable level of Se (400?µg Se per day) for human.     

The effect of four calcium‐based amendments on soil aggregate stability of two sandy topsoils

The structural stability of soil is a physical characteristic that affects soil degradation processes. Calcium‐based amendments, such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and calcium oxide/hydroxide, have been shown to improve the stability of soil aggregates. This study seeks to determine which calcium‐based soil amendments, and at what concentration, are the most efficient in improving aggregate stability of sandy topsoils derived from granitic and metamorphic parent materials, and to analyze the mechanisms involved. In the pot experiment, soils amended with CaCO₃, CaCl₂, and CaSO₄ did not present significant differences in aggregate stability compared to the control or among each other. In contrast, Ca(OH)₂ soil amendment brought the greatest stability to the soil aggregates. A dose of 1% Ca(OH)₂ significantly increased the stability of soil aggregates. This effect is due to the reaction of Ca(OH)₂ with atmospheric CO₂ which leads to the formation of CaCO₃, a delayed reaction not showed by the other soil amendments tested. Likewise, the greater solubility of Ca(OH)₂ compared to CaCO₃ exerts a greater aggregation effect on soil. Thus, the mechanism of action of Ca(OH)₂ is related to cementation, rather than flocculation. Future studies should be carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of Ca(OH)₂ under field conditions.     

γ-戊内酯/水复合溶剂体系中金属硫酸盐催化半纤维素定向转化制备糠醛

以廉价金属硫酸盐为催化剂,在γ-戊内酯/水复合溶剂中催化半纤维素定向转化制备糠醛,糠醛得率高达50.2%,半纤维素液化转化率达95.5%。在γ-戊内酯/水复合溶剂中,以金属硫酸盐为催化剂进一步研究了直接催化木质纤维生物质原料玉米芯和竹粉定向转化制备糠醛,其中糠醛得率分别达39.5%、29.7%,木质纤维原料液化转化率分别达86.5%、80.5%。     

What is your diagnosis? Particulate material in peritoneal fluid from a dog

9-year-old castrated male Greyhound dog was presented for evaluation of vomiting and lethargy of 1-week duration. On physical examination, the dog was febrile and dehydrated with a tense abdomen and petechial hemorrhages. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included relative polycythemia, mild lymphopenia with reactive lymphocytes, hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia, hyperbilirubinemia, increased ALP, mild hypokalemia, hyperamylasemia, hyperlipasemia, increased D-dimer concentration, and hyperfibrinogenemia. Cytologic evaluation of peritoneal fluid revealed marked suppurative inflammation with intracellular barium sulfate particles. The day before presentation, the referring veterinarian had administered oral barium sulfate in an upper gastrointestinal contrast study. Radiographs revealed free contrast material in the peritoneal cavity, consistent with gastrointestinal perforation, and leakage of contrast material. Abdominal exploratory surgery revealed a mid-jejunal perforation and a hepatic nodule. Histopathologic diagnosis of the jejunal and liver lesions was T-cell lymphoma. The patient recovered well postoperatively and received chemotherapy for treatment of lymphoma. Most commercial barium sulfate preparations contain relatively uniform, weakly birefringent, pale yellow particles <1 microm in diameter. Because barium sulfate is found occasionally in clinical specimens, cytopathologists should be familiar with its cytologic appearance.