广东省黑熊资源及保护对策

广东省的黑熊资源在历史上曾经广泛分布于全省各地,但在1999～2001年的调查显示广东省的黑熊资源仅分布在粤北的部分山地林区,而且数量在50～100只左右。栖息地的减少和大量的捕杀都对黑熊资源产生威胁。因此我们建议对全省的黑熊资源进行调查及监测,加强野生黑熊资源保护及规范黑熊饲养场的管理等。     

贵德黑裘皮羊耳成纤维细胞系的建立和生物学特性的研究

以贵德黑裘皮羊耳缘组织为材料，采用组织块贴壁培养法和细胞冷冻技术成功构建了成纤维细胞系，并对培养细胞进行了形态学、生长动力学观察、细胞活力测定、核型分析和微生物检测。结果表明：细胞群体倍增时间（PDT）约为36h，冻存前细胞活力为96．2％，以DMEM／F-12＋20％FBS中添加10％DMSO冻存成纤维细胞，解冻后细胞活力为93．6％，24h后的贴壁率为85％。在传代10次之前，细胞染色体中二倍体（2n=54）占主体，约为82％～90％，细菌、真菌、病毒、支原体检测为阴性。该细胞系的建立，使贵德黑裘皮羊这一国家重要种质资源在细胞水平上保存下来，也为体细胞克隆等研究提供了理想的生物材料。     

猪肌肉组织LPL基因表达的发育性变化及其与肌内脂肪沉积关系的研究

以40-90 kg 6个体重组的莱芜猪和鲁莱黑猪共72头去势公猪为试验对象(每组6头),采用相对定量RT-PCR方法,以-βactin基因为内标,分析肌肉组织LPL基因表达的发育性变化及其与肌内脂肪沉积的关系。结果表明:莱芜猪与鲁莱黑猪肌肉组织中LPL基因表达的发育性变化趋势基本相似,随体重的增长,莱芜猪50-70kg阶段LPLmRNA表达丰度逐渐下降(P<0.05),80 kg阶段迅速回升出现一个峰值后再次下降;鲁莱黑猪LPLmRNA表达丰度随体重的增加呈缓慢下降趋势,70 kg以后变化不大并维持较低水平,其前期(40-60 kg)与后期(70-90 kg)的表达量差异显著(P<0.05)。总体上莱芜猪肌肉组织LPL基因表达量略高于鲁莱黑猪(P>0.05)。相关分析表明,莱芜猪和鲁莱黑猪肌内脂肪相对含量与肌肉组织LPLmRNA表达的发育性变化分别呈显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)的正相关。研究结果提示:猪肌肉组织LPL是肌内脂肪沉积的重要参与者,其编码基因的表达具有明显的体重发育特征,并对肌内脂肪的沉积具有一定程度影响。     

黑麂血液生理生化指标的测定

首次检测了黑麂血液常规和生理生化等23项指标,并与鹿科梅花鹿做了比较。测定结果显示,黑麂的红细胞、血小板、血红蛋白、红细胞比容高于梅花鹿指标,而白细胞、红细胞体积、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度、平均血红蛋白量、红细胞体积分布宽度指标低于梅花鹿指标。黑麂白细胞分类结果显示,白细胞和单核细胞约占90%;嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞所占百分比各占约2%。黑麂血清生化指标测定结果显示,总胆固醇和血糖两项指标高于梅花鹿的指标;甘油三酯(TG)及极低密度脂蛋白(VLDI-C)含量显著高于梅花鹿。检测结果反映了黑麂的机体生理机能,是进行疾病临床诊断和治疗的依据。     

Effects of three esca-associated fungi on Vitis vinifera L.: IV. Diffusion through the xylem of metabolites produced by two tracheiphilous fungi in the woody tissue of grapevine leads to esca-like symptoms on leaves and berries

Two naphthalenone pentaketides (scytalone and isosclerone) and α-glucans (pullulan) are produced in vitro and in planta by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) and Togninia minima (Tmi), two tracheiphilous fungi associated with the ‘esca’ disease of grapevines. The possible role of such fungal metabolites in inducing symptoms on leaves and berries was studied in a vineyard of Vitis vinifera cv. Italia located in southern Italy. During early spring, pruning off two to four branches per vine allowed samples of xylem sap to be collected. Vine bleeding, assessed as ml day⁻¹ vine⁻¹, reached its maximum at bud burst and stopped within 28 days. The total amount of sap collected from healthy vines was about a quarter of that from esca-affected vines. During the same period, the leaf water potential of diseased vines increased progressively (i.e. showed less negative values), indicating a dysfunction in water and nutrient supply to the new growth. Both fungi were isolated from the xylem sap and from the woody tissue of branches and the trunk of diseased vines. Conidia isolated from the sap showed a high germination rate (>90%). Bioactive concentrations of the two pentaketides were detected in xylem sap, leaves and berries at various stages of seasonal growth. Exopolysaccharides, including pullulan, were found in the xylem sap. Absorption of culture filtrates of Pch and Tmi, as well as weak solutions of purified preparations of scytalone, isosclerone or pullulan, on detached leaves and berries caused symptoms similar to those shown by the esca-affected vines in the field.     

Cloning,Expression and Bioinformatics Analysis of Enterococcus faecalis from Northeast Black Bear

In order to detect Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis antigen (EfaA) of bear that was used to disclose the infected Northeast Black bear immediately, a pair of PCR primers was synthesized by EfaA gene of Enterococcus faecalis that was recorded in GenBank (accession number:U03756.1) and the target fragment was 689 bp. The PCR product was cloned by pMD19-T vector, then was transferred to Escherichia coli DH5α competent cells and the positive clones were filtered. Recombinant plasmid (pMD19-T-EfaA) was extracted. Identification of PCR and digestion, sequencing, the structure prediction of proteins were operated. The results showed that EfaA gene was cloned successfully, and the gene homology with ATCC 29212 was 100.0%. pMD19-T-EfaA was constructed successfully, structure of proteins was predicted. This study provided theoretical basis for diagnostic methods of Enterococcus faecalis and laid basis for prevention and control of Northeast Black bear disease.     

黑杨派南方型无性系高生长与气候条件的斜率关联度分析

用灰色系统理论的斜率关联度分析法，求得影响黑杨派南方型无性系高生长的主要气候因子依次为：降水量、极低温、极高温、蒸发量、日照时数、积温、年均温（或相至湿度）、相以湿度（或年均温）、无霜期。     

Differences in the behavior of the crossbred steers of different sire lines of Japanese Black cattle

We determined differences in the behavior of the progeny of two major sire lines of Japanese Black cattle by recording the behavior of 35 and 70 half-sib steers of sires from fast (FG) and slow (SG) growing lines, respectively. Two sire lines of steers were mixed and allocated to nine pens with 11–12 animals per pen. The proportion of steers lying was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the SG line (43.4 ± 5.7% compared to 40.3 ± 6.0%). The proportion of time spent eating concentrate feed (FG: 12.1 ± 2.3%; SG: 11.4 ± 2.1%), drinking (FG: 0.8 ± 1.1%; SG: 0.4 ± 0.6%), licking the feed trough (FG: 0.4 ± 0.6%; SG: 0.2 ± 0.4%) and performing tongue-playing (FG: 3.1 ± 4.6%; SG: 1.0 ± 1.9%) was significantly higher in FG, whereas the proportion of time spent resting (FG: 41.5 ± 12.8%; SG: 43.7 ± 10.9%) and performing self-licking (FG: 1.7 ± 1.4%; SG: 2.1 ± 1.3%) was higher in SG (all P < 0.05). These results show progeny of the FG sire engaged in more active behaviors compared to the progeny of the SG sire line.     

黄连、黄芩提取液与二氧化氯复配对结球甘蓝种传黑斑病的抑菌效果研究

采用三元二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法,确立了黄连、黄芩提取液与二氧化氯对甘蓝链格孢菌抑制效果最佳的复配组合:黄连提取液13.48%、黄芩提取液15.56%、二氧化氯0.14%.用此复配剂浸种,芸苔链格孢菌和甘蓝链格孢菌的侵染率分别降低了97.33%和94.85%,且提高了种子发芽势及萌发相关酶活性.     

Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of anthocyanin-rich Morus nigra and Morus rubra fruits

In this study, phytochemical and antioxidant properties of anthocyanin-rich mulberry species of Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) and Morus rubra L. (red mulberry) fruits harvested from across Turkey were investigated. Fruit color, total phenolics (TP), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA), titratable acidity (TA), and individual sugar and organic acid compositions were determined. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fruits was assessed by both the trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Black mulberry exhibited higher TP, TMA, TAC and TA when compared to red mulberry. The average TP contents of M. nigra and M. rubra were 2737 and 1603 μg gallic acid equivalent in g fresh weight basis (GAE/g fw), respectively. M. nigra had the richest amount of anthocyanin with an average of 571 μg cy-3-glu/g fw. Overall, TAC averaged 10.5 and 12.0 mmol TE/L by the TEAC and FRAP methods, respectively. We found that FRAP, TEAC, TP and TMA were significantly correlated (r = 0.64–0.99) with each other. Fructose (5.27 g/100 mL) and glucose (5.81 g/100 mL) were determined to be the major sugars in both mulberries. M. nigra displayed a higher TA (2.05 g/100 mL) than M. rubra (0.78 g/100 mL), with citric acid as the major acid.