苯基含氢硅树脂的制备及固化性能研究

以苯基三甲氧基硅烷(Phenyltrimethoxysilane,PTMS)、1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷(1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane,HTMS)和六甲基二硅氧烷(Hexamethyldisiloxane,HMDSO)为主要原料,酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,采用水解缩聚的方法制备了苯基含氢硅树脂(Hydrogen containing phenyl silicone resin,PHMT树脂),采用傅里叶转换红外线光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,FTIS)和核磁共振氢谱(1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,1HNMR)对其结构进行了表征,并对其制备工艺、固化性能进行了研究.结果表明,甲氧基的水解程度达99.9%,但羟基缩聚不完全,其残留量约为质量分数0.57%.采用含氢量为体积分数0.37%,黏度为722 mPa·s的苯基含氢硅树脂为交联剂,其固化物机械性能较好.     

利用牡蛎制作海鲜调味汁的试验

研究了混合酶水解牡蛎蛋白质的技术条件，并和单酶水解结果进行了比较。结果表明，混合酶水解可提高水解率和水解液中氨基态氮(AAN)的含量，同时改善了水解液风味。     

不同酶解条件对鳀鱼蛋白水解物苦味及氨基酸组成的影响

研究了不同酶解的鱼可溶性产物苦味及呈味氨基酸组成的差异 ,以及其水解时间、水解率对苦味的影响。结果表明 ,随着酶解时间延长和水解率的提高 ,几种水解液的苦味值都有不同程度增强。胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的复合水解液表现出随水解时间的延长 ,水解率提高明显 ,苦味强度上升平缓。当水解率从4 2 %提高到 78%时 ,苦味值只提高了 2 ,水解液总的苦味分值为 3.5 ;枯草杆菌蛋白酶水解 2h后苦味分值急剧提高 ,水解 4h后苦味分值达到 6,水解液味道很苦 ,水解率从 32 %提高到 62 %时 ,苦味分值提高到了 7,水解液总的苦味值为 8.5。两种方法水解获得的可溶性产物氨基酸及必需氨基酸组成含量接近 ,但胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶复合水解的可溶性产物具有更高的氨基酸分值 ,主要鲜味氨基酸含量略高于枯草杆菌蛋白酶水解产物 ,苦味氨基酸则相反。     

山药染色体制片技术的优化

山药(Dioscorea opposite Thunb.)为药食兼用的常见蔬菜,而其染色体的研究相对滞后。以根尖为试验材料,分别考察不同的取材方式、预处理试剂、预处理方法以及解离方式对山药染色体制片效果的影响,筛选优化制片的关键技术,以期为今后细胞学研究打下基础。结果表明:室内基质培养块茎(或零余子)的方式获取的根尖中中期分裂相个数最多,且染色体分散良好的中期分裂相占的比例最高;适合于山药核型分析的预处理试剂为8-羟基喹啉同秋水仙素的混合液、8-羟基喹啉溶液,其中8-羟基喹啉溶液预处理后染色体缢痕更清晰,为最好的预处理试剂;预处理方法以低温4℃下2 mmol/L的8-羟基喹啉预处理2 h最好;采用酸解加酶解的方式解离效果明显好于单用酸解的方式,并且得到的制片中染色体形态清晰,96.3%的中期细胞的染色体分布于同一个水平面上。     

玉米苗期耐碱性QTL定位分析

利用郑58/昌7-2构建的156个玉米F₂：3家系为作图群体,在100 mmol/L Na₂CO₃溶液的碱性胁迫下进行玉米苗期耐碱性鉴定,并利用SSR标记构建的分子遗传连锁图谱进行QTL分析。采用复合区间作图法共检测到4个与玉米苗期耐碱率相关的QTL,分布于第2、5、7条染色体上,单个QTL可解释的表型贡献率范围为1.1%～8.6%。所检测到的4个QTL的增益等位基因均来自于耐碱亲本郑58。     

Bioproduction of Chitooligosaccharides: Present and Perspectives

Chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have been traditionally obtained by chemical digestion with strong acids. In light of the difficulties associated with these traditional production processes, environmentally compatible and reproducible production alternatives are desirable. Unlike chemical digestion, biodegradation of chitin and chitosan by enzymes or microorganisms does not require the use of toxic chemicals or excessive amounts of wastewater. Enzyme preparations with chitinase, chitosanase, and lysozymeare primarily used to hydrolyze chitin and chitosan. Commercial preparations of cellulase, protease, lipase, and pepsin provide another opportunity for oligosaccharide production. In addition to their hydrolytic activities, the transglycosylation activity of chitinolytic enzymes might be exploited for the synthesis of desired chitin oligomers and their derivatives. Chitin deacetylase is also potentially useful for the preparation of oligosaccharides. Recently, direct production of oligosaccharides from chitin and crab shells by a combination of mechanochemical grinding and enzymatic hydrolysis has been reported. Together with these, other emerging technologies such as direct degradation of chitin from crustacean shells and microbial cell walls, enzymatic synthesis of COS from small building blocks, and protein engineering technology for chitin-related enzymes have been discussed as the most significant challenge for industrial application.     

鲮鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白酶解物分子量分布与抗氧化性的研究(英文)

[目的]为了研究鲮鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白水解物的分子量的分布及抗氧化活性。[方法]分子量分布采用分子排阻色谱法和基质辅助激光解吸附飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS),鱼皮用碱性蛋白酶2709处理。[结果]最佳水解条件为:pH 10.0、反应温度55℃、底物浓度为80 g/L、酶和底物比4%,水解时间3 h。两种方法分析水解产物的相对分子质量分布范围为400~1 800 Da,大多数胶原蛋白短肽的分子量在1 400 Da以下。[结论]结果表明,鱼皮水解物是一种潜在的抗氧化物。     

两种土壤碱解氮测定方法的比较

测量土壤碱解氮含量过去一般使用碱解扩散吸收法,试验研究旨在使用德国GERHARD凯氏定氮蒸馏法测定土壤碱解氮,对凯氏定氮蒸馏法进行了改进,确定了合适的蒸馏时间和蒸馏效率,与传统碱解扩散法相比,测量结果更准确,紧密度更高,操作简便,节省时间,为土壤碱解氮含量测定提供了一种准确、快速、高效的测定方法。     

具有抗氧化活性的猪血浆蛋白酶解产物的制备及理化特性

为系统考察酶解时间、酶种类和酶加入的顺序对猪血浆蛋白酶解产物抗氧化性的影响,采用风味蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶及双酶(风味蛋白酶,碱性蛋白酶不同的加入顺序)在各自最适条件下对猪血浆蛋白进行酶解,并研究酶解产物的功能特性。结果表明:0~120min内,随着酶解时间的延长,水解度升高,各酶解产物的抗氧化性均有所增强;60~180min内,双酶酶解产物的清除DPPH自由基的能力、亚铁离子螯合能力和还原力显著高于单酶酶解产物(P0.05);90~150min内,先加碱性蛋白酶后加入风味蛋白酶酶解的酶解产物的水解度、清除DPPH自由基能力和还原力显著高于先加风味蛋白酶酶解后加入碱性蛋白酶酶解的酶解产物(P0.05);具有较高抗氧化性的酶解产物在不同pH条件下均有较好的溶解性和热稳定性;溶解性均在90%以上。     

A modified method based on p-nitrophenol assay to quantify hydrolysis activities of lipases in litters

Lipases are glycerol ester hydrolases (EC 3.1.1.3) produced by a wide range of microorganisms. They catalyse the hydrolysis of different esters depending on the water content of the reaction medium. Here, we developed a simple methodology to quantify lipase hydrolysis activities using two different litters: a litter of Quercus pubescens (QP) and a litter of both Q. pubescens and Q. ilex. Different p-nitrophenyl esters were used to test hydrolysis in a reaction medium with an organic solvent (heptane). We showed that these activities depended on the amount of litter, the incubation time and the substrate concentration and that they increased with temperature. Furthermore, the lipases from the studied litters were still active after 2 h at 70 °C. These activities showed common properties of lipases: the highest activities were obtained with a medium-acyl chain substrate, p-nitrophenyl laurate. Moreover abiotic hydrolysis with short-chain acyl substrates was observable. The following parameters are recommended to quantify hydrolysis activities of lipases in litters: 10 mM of p-nitrophenyl laurate in 2 ml of heptane, 1 g of litter, 2 ml of water incubated at 30 °C for 2 h.