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121.
综述了国内外免耕控制土壤侵蚀的机理研究以及对土壤性质的影响,并提出免耕在我国的应用方向。 相似文献
122.
为阐明温室池水环境对罗非鱼运动性气单胞菌败血症发生的影响,对5年监测所得的发病池的95个水样和无病池的78个水样的水环境因子值进行了统计分析。结果表明,虽然发病池和无病池的水温平均值和pH平均值差异均不显著(p>0.05),但在18~27 ℃范围内,发病池出现的百分率随水温升高而增加;发病池的溶解氧、总氨氮、分子氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、有机物化学耗氧量的平均值分别为2.85±1.45、2.48±0.99、0.067±0.048、0.361±0.233、39.56±20.31 mg/L;无病池的溶解氧、总氨氮、分子氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、有机物化学耗氧量的平均值分别为3.41±1.39、0.94±0.76、0.025±0.025、0.105±0.066、20.62±9.73 mg/L。发病池的溶解氧平均值显著低于无病池(p<0.05),发病池的总氨氮、分子氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、有机物化学耗氧量的平均值分别极显著高于无病池(p<0.01)。根据发病池和无病池出现的百分率随各环境因子变化的趋势可以得出结论:高水温、低溶解氧、高氨氮、高分子氨氮、高亚硝酸盐氮和高有机物化学耗氧量的池水更容易诱发凡隆气单胞菌温和生物型引起的罗非鱼运动性气单胞菌败血症。 相似文献
123.
Damage compensation schemes are widely used to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts. Despite the growing relevance of such conflicts, a theoretical framework to analyze the cost-effectiveness of damage compensation schemes is still missing. The article aims to fill this gap by proposing a conceptual framework by categorizing cost categories, which can be used to compare different types of compensation schemes. To demonstrate the value of the framework, we present an example that compares ex-post compensation and compensation in advance in the European otter (Lutra lutra) in the Upper Lusatia, Germany. We find that the two types of schemes differ widely in their transaction costs. Transaction costs themselves are closely related to the temporal and spatial distribution of damages. Therefore, the choice between the two types of compensation schemes depends on the distribution of damages, which itself depends on the species under concern. Based on this, we recommend a compensation-in-advance type of damage compensation scheme for the otter in the Upper Lusatia, Germany. 相似文献
124.
[目的]为研究鲤鱼感染细菌性疾病及其临床合理用药提供理论依据.[方法]从吉林省某水产养殖场患病黄河鲤鱼的脾脏中分离致病菌,并通过常规生理生化试验、16S rDNA序列分析对其进行鉴定.应用微量稀释法测定11种抗生素药物对其最小抑菌浓度.[结果]从患病鲤鱼的脾脏中成功分离到1株优势菌.该优势菌为革兰氏染色阴性杆菌,通过序列比对将其鉴定为维氏气单胞菌.动物回归试验表明该菌株可使黄河鲤发生死亡.药敏试验结果表明该病原菌对磺胺类、β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类药物不同程度耐药,而对氯霉素类药物、恩诺沙星较为敏感,对强力霉素中介.[结论]该研究结果可为鲤鱼源维氏气单胞菌的防治提供科学依据. 相似文献
125.
玉米根系构型的研究进展 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:16
综述了玉米根系构型的研究进展,主要包括玉米根系的形态建成、生长与分布规律、影响根系构型的基本因素以及玉米根系构型三维可视化等。针对研究现状对玉米根系的研究前景进行展望。 相似文献
126.
罗高荣 《中国农村水利水电》1996,(6):16-19
随着小水电及农村电气化建设的发展,我国研制出了一批适用性强、针对性好的先进设备。文章集中介绍了在部分中小水电中使用的主机及辅机设备的新进展,并介绍了电站机电设备及输配电设备的近期配置模式。 相似文献
127.
128.
Swagatika Sahu Basanta Kumar Das Bibhudendu Kumar Mishra Jyotirmayee Pradhan Surya Kanta Samal Niranjan Sarangi 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(16):1720-1730
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary dosages of turmeric that enhance immune response and disease resistance against the opportunistic pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Hence, four different dosages of turmeric at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 g kg?1 feed were given to the fingerlings of L. rohita for 60 days at 4% body weight. At every 20‐day interval, different biochemical, haematological, enzymatic and immunological parameters of fish were evaluated. After 60 days, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila. The mortality (%) was recorded on the tenth day post challenge. Most of the immune parameters including lysozyme activity, superoxide anion production and serum bactericidal activity were significantly (P<0.05) higher on 60 days of feeding of 1.0 g of turmeric per kg of feed. Challenge study indicated 100% and 89% survivability in the group of fish fed with 5.0 and 1.0 g of turmeric per kg of feed respectively. Feeding of turmeric might have maintained long‐term protection in fish by elevating the nonspecific immune system such as Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), lysozyme and serum bactericidal activity. The result showed that turmeric at a dose of 1.0 g kg?1 feed for 60 days provided the greatest protection to pathogen challenge. 相似文献
129.
K. Das Mahapatra B. Gjerde P.K. Sahoo J.N. Saha A. Barat M. Sahoo B.R. Mohanty J.
degrd M. Rye R. Salte 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,279(1-4):29-34
A challenge test against Aeromonas hydrophila was conducted using 2062 rohu carp (Labeo rohita) fingerlings obtained from 52 dams and 87 sires (87 full-sib families) of two year-classes (2003 and 2004). Attempts to establish a cohabitant challenge model were not successful. Therefore, fish were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with A. hydrophila in two replicate tanks per year-class, and dead fish were collected hourly. The mortality reached its peak at 16–22 h after challenge and had almost completely stopped after 58 h. The test was terminated after 382 h at which the average survival was 43.9 and 48.9% in the two 2003 year-class tanks, and 77.1 and 35.8% in the two 2004 year-class tanks. Heritability estimates for survival were obtained from sire and dam threshold models (THR) and sire and dam linear repeatability models (LINR). For both types of models the heritability estimates based on data from single tanks were not consistent. For both year-classes, data from one of the two challenged tanks demonstrated significant additive genetic variation in survival during the A. hydrophila infection, whereas the heritability estimates were not significantly different from zero for the other tank. Further, genetic correlation between survivals in the two replicate tanks in each year-class was not significantly different from zero. The differential results from the replicate tanks demonstrate that additional challenge test experiments are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about the magnitude of additive genetic variation for survival to aeromonasis in rohu carp. A cohabitant challenge model that allows the testing of important defence mechanisms in the skin and mucous membranes of the fish might have been more appropriate. To establish a valid cohabitant challenge model for rohu carp should be given high priority. 相似文献
130.
A. N. Sharaan 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1987,158(1):49-55
The present investigation was undertaken on four W. German (AD201, Belinda, Korina and Elvira) and five French (Cresor, Brutor, BRO, BRIO and Orpal) spring rapeseed varieties, for evaluation and to study their performance and productivity under Fayoum (Egypt) conditions during two successive winter seasons (1982/1983 and 1983/1984). In order to make clear identification for different plant characters, some genetical parameters were estimated.
In the first season, the nine varieties were arranged into a randomized complete block field experiment with four replications. In the second one, the experiment (with the same design and replication) included only six cultivars, after elimination of three winter-type (Belinda, Korina and Elvira) that failed to reach flowering because of unique cold temperature requirements. Therefore, the present study was restricted with the remainder six varieties.
The varieties exhibited considerable differences in all the characters studied. AD201 was earlier, higher seed- and oil-yielding variety than other tested ones. Its superiority could be attributed to increased number of pods/plant, seeds/pod and seed yield/plant. The second yielding variety was BR1O followed by Cresor, BRO and Brutor. While Orpal was inferior in all characters except for seed index. Data showed that fruiting zone length reached nearly half the mature height for each genotype.
Remarkable amount of genotypic variation and high heritability estimates were recorded for all studied characters. Quantitative analysis indicated that number of seeds/pod, early flowering, seed weight/plant, possessed high heritability values combined with high genetic gains and wide genetic variations. By these characters, discernible improvement could be easily achieved through phenotypic selection in relatively very short time. 相似文献
In the first season, the nine varieties were arranged into a randomized complete block field experiment with four replications. In the second one, the experiment (with the same design and replication) included only six cultivars, after elimination of three winter-type (Belinda, Korina and Elvira) that failed to reach flowering because of unique cold temperature requirements. Therefore, the present study was restricted with the remainder six varieties.
The varieties exhibited considerable differences in all the characters studied. AD201 was earlier, higher seed- and oil-yielding variety than other tested ones. Its superiority could be attributed to increased number of pods/plant, seeds/pod and seed yield/plant. The second yielding variety was BR1O followed by Cresor, BRO and Brutor. While Orpal was inferior in all characters except for seed index. Data showed that fruiting zone length reached nearly half the mature height for each genotype.
Remarkable amount of genotypic variation and high heritability estimates were recorded for all studied characters. Quantitative analysis indicated that number of seeds/pod, early flowering, seed weight/plant, possessed high heritability values combined with high genetic gains and wide genetic variations. By these characters, discernible improvement could be easily achieved through phenotypic selection in relatively very short time. 相似文献