用逆转录多聚酶链式反应从凡纳对虾中检出传染性皮下组织和造血器官坏死病毒

传染性皮下组织和造血器官坏死病毒 (ＩＨＨＮＶ) ,是一种细小病毒 ,它能感染所有起源于中胚层和外胚层的对虾组织细胞[1] 。在许多养殖对虾的国家都有ＩＨＨＮＶ ,特别是中美洲国家和地区[2 ] 的对虾养殖业深受其害。随着各国间对虾贸易的急剧增长 ,ＩＨＨＮＶ地理分布范围日益广泛 ,迄今为止 ,已扩散到中国台湾、新加坡、马来西亚、泰国、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚、菲律宾、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁等国家和地区[2 -4] 。红额角对虾 (Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｓｔｙｌｉｒｏｓｔｒｉｓ)、斑节对虾 (Ｐ .ｍｏｎｏｄｏｎ)、短沟对虾 (Ｐ .ｓｅｍｉｓｕｌｃａｔｕ…     

二极管反向漏电流特性测试仪的设计

设计了一款在0~100℃和反向电压VR为0~1 000 V条件下,能够测试二极管反向漏电流特性的测试仪.它采用桥式输入I、CL7650组成的高精度放大电路、ADC0804和AT89S51完成了高压到低压的转换、信号的放大、采样、量化及显示,通过编程软件对测试结果进行修正,提高系统的测量精确度.对二极管IN4007的测试结果表明:所得反向漏电流分辨率达0.1 nA,准确度达1.79%.     

流动改进剂降低含水原油转相点试验

针对大庆油田地面集输管路中含水原油随含水率的增大导致其流变性发生的情况,开展了在室内水平管试验装置中向含水原油中加入DODE系列流动改进剂后的流动试验,探讨了DODE系列流动改进剂对含水率与表观粘度之间关系的影响规律.试验结果表明,含水原油中添加DODE系列流动改进剂可以使含水原油的转相点提前到35%～45%之间,提前形成具有适度稳定性的水包油型原油乳状液,显著降低了原油的表观粘度,改善了原油的低温流动性能,并且节能降耗.     

猕猴桃全光喷雾扦插快速育苗研究

用中华猕猴桃(Actindia chinensis Planch.)‘江西79—1’、‘79—3’、‘奉新79—2’于6月中旬进行嫩枝全光喷雾扦插,苗床温度为25—30℃,叶面相对湿度为85%以上,以蛭石为扦插基质,插条基部用1000ppm吲哚丁酸进行速蘸(30秒)处理。试验结果插条发根率77.1%。插后5天产生愈伤组织,20天生根 40天移栽时单株平均根数为11.8条,平均根长6.9cm,最多根数35条,最长根17.9cm;移栽成活率85%以上。移栽苗当年新梢长2—10cm,第2年枝蔓平均长49.7cm,最长蔓137cm。     

家畜胚胎干细胞的分离培养和鉴定

家畜胚胎干细胞的分离培养和鉴定工作对于研究和利用家畜胚胎干细胞具有重大意义。本文对文献中报道的各种分离、培养和鉴定方法进行了综述 ,并介绍了几种主要家畜的胚胎干细胞在近十余年间的研究进展情况。     

RNA沉默—新型的植物病毒病害防治策略

植物RNA沉默(RNAsilencing)是植物本身固有的一种抗病毒防御系统,是对病毒在复制过程中形成双链RNA(dsRNA)的特殊反应。RNA沉默介导的dsRNA干涉病毒侵染转基因抗病毒有其不足,几种体外生产dsRNA的抗病毒体系能弥补这一不足,它们与转基因表达病原RNA不同,但仍然依赖RNA沉默机制来获取病原抗性。综述了近年来发展起来的各种启动RNA沉默的dsRNA产生策略、抗病状况和存在的问题及发展前景     

裁板锯偏转机构运动关系的反求设计与仿真

针对裁板锯锯片偏转系统运动关系复杂不易于单片机编程的问题,提出了应用反求设计开发模式求出连杆与丝杠系统的伸长量X和与之对应锯片偏转角度θ之间的函数关系。从采用Lagrange插值仿真得到的系统仿真曲线可知,四次多项式传递函数可以满足运动关系的精度要求,采用Matlab仿真最终确定二者之间的关系为一次函数。通过实验得出当偏转角为10°和35°时计算得到的直线误差最小,据此设计的裁板锯MJ6130Z已经批量生产。

Abstract：

In view of the problem that complicated motion relationship of the blade deflection system of board cutting saws makes MPU programming difficult,the function relation between the extension volume of the connecting rod and screw rod system and the correspo     

Oak (Quercus robur L.) regeneration in early successional woodlands grazed by wild ungulates in the absence of livestock

Wooded pastures grazed by livestock are believed to be landscapes that provide favourable conditions for spontaneous regeneration of oaks, including Quercus robur. A key mechanism for oak regeneration in these systems is ‘associational resistance’, spatial association with unpalatable plants which offer protection against herbivory. There is little knowledge on how oak regenerates without livestock grazing and in the presence of only wild large herbivores. We studied this in an area (114 ha) abandoned from agricultural use and in the early 1980s incorporated into the Bia?owie?a National Park, Poland. Its ungulate community consists of native red deer, European bison, roe deer, moose and wild boar. Secondary succession has led to the development of a mosaic habitat including tree and tall shrub groves (29% of the area), open meadow communities (60%), and edge, transitory zone between groves and meadows (11%). Our systematic inventory assigned oaks to height classes (0-0.2, 0.2-0.5, 0.5-1.3, 1.3-2.5, 2.5-5.0, >5.0 m), dichotomous shape characteristic (regular vs. “bonsai” sapling), as well as a habitat definition, in particular the characteristics of woody vegetation in the immediate surroundings of oaks. A selection of 17 oaks was subject to coring for the comparison of growth dynamics. Oak density was highest inside groves, with 504 oaks ha⁻¹, and in the edge zone (493 oaks ha⁻¹) and lowest in meadows (47 oaks ha⁻¹). Most of the 0-5-m oaks (62%) grew without another woody plant species within 1 m radius. The remaining oaks (38%) were associated mainly with Rubus idaeus and saplings of Carpinus betulus and Populus tremula - all highly ungulate-preferred species. The age (0.5 m above ground) of cored oaks in grove and edge habitats varied from 11 to 37 years, indicating continuous recruitment since agricultural abandonment. The initial growth dynamics of the more mature oaks did not differ from that of present “bonsais,” supporting the idea that browsing is not an unconditional impediment and that “bonsai” can be a temporary stage of successful oak development. In contrast to other studies, we found that associational resistance from unpalatable plants is not necessary to secure successful oak regeneration in woodlands subject to browsing by wild ungulates. This might have been possible because of the abundance of highly attractive vegetation making oak relatively unpreferred by ungulates. We suggest that the observed secondary succession provides a contemporary analogy of historic processes that resulted in the establishment of broadleaf forests with a substantial proportion of oak.