鹅基因组微卫星富集文库的构建与分析

为分离鹅(Anser cygnoides)微卫星序列片段,提取鹅基因组DNA,用Hae III和Rsa I内切酶消化并连接接头,再用接头特异引物进行PCR扩增。扩增产物与生物素标记的(AC)12探针杂交,杂交复合物用链霉亲和素包裹磁珠进行结合,得到单链DNA目标片段。再经PCR扩增,连接pMD19-T载体,转化入感受态大肠杆菌,得到微卫星富集小插入片段DNA文库。用Colony-PCR法筛选获得318个阳性克隆,并进行测序分析。结果表明,所测的318个序列有242个含微卫星序列,197个为有效微卫星序列,其中完全型(perfect)占60.9%,非完全型(imperfect)20.8%,混合型(compound)18.2%。(CA)n重复最为常见。文章为鹅种资源遗传多样性、分子进化、遗传图谱的构建及重要经济性状基因座定位等研究奠定了基础。     

利用微卫星标记分析乌骨大骨鸡的遗传多样性

利用微卫星标记分析了乌骨大骨鸡的遗传多样性和遗传结构,筛选了鸡基因组7条染色体上的7个微卫星标记位点,随机选取24羽乌骨大骨鸡个体,进行多态性检测,共检测到23个等位基因,每个座位等位基因数目从2个到5个不等,平均等位基因数为3.3个。该群体平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度分别为0.660 3和0.717 6。结果表明乌骨大骨鸡属多态性较丰富的群体。     

基于微卫星评估草鱼放流亲本对野生群体遗传多样性的影响

利用筛选的13对草鱼多态性微卫星标记,开展了2011至2015年长江中游草鱼亲本增殖放流对野生群体遗传多样性的影响评估。通过对各位点的遗传多样性分析,13个微卫星位点的多态信息含量为0.8622(0.657~0.950),基因多样度为0.8555(0.675~0.936)。15个群体的有效等位基因数为7.4503~10.1536,等位基因丰度为11.483~15.204,说明15个草鱼群体的遗传多样性水平总体较高。遗传分化指数分析表明,群体间不存在显著遗传分化(FST5%)。通过贝叶斯聚类分析和主成分分析可将草鱼群体分为4个组群,根据分组结果以及来源划分分别对草鱼群体进行AMOVA分析,发现遗传变异大部分来自于群体内个体间,组间及组内群体间的分化水平较低(FCT5%,FSC5%),与FST分析结果一致。研究表明,当前草鱼亲本增殖放流模式对野生群体遗传结构影响不明显。     

福建牡蛎选育群体的遗传多样性

利用8个微卫星标记对福建牡蛎(Crassostrea angulata)基础群体、‘金蛎1号’选育系F6和野生群体进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,每个位点在各群体的等位基因数为7~24个,各群体在所有位点的平均等位基因数为10.3~17.6个,平均等位基因丰度为9.8~16.8。平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.655~0.662和0.788~0.872。经邦弗朗尼校正,哈迪–温伯格平衡检验结果显示,在24个群体–位点组合中18个群体–位点组合显著偏离平衡(P0.01)。群体内近交系数F_(is)值介于0.0095~0.2874,平均值为0.1992,遗传分化系数F_(st)介于0.0224~0.1627,平均值为0.0767,暗示选育群体中存在较低水平的非随机交配现象,属于中度偏低分化。研究表明,连续的选育对群体的遗传分化产生了一定的影响,但是,选育群体仍然具有较高水平的遗传多样性。     

丝羽乌骨鸡月产蛋性能与微卫星标记关系的研究

本研究首次从月产性能这个角度对丝羽乌骨鸡的产蛋性能进行微卫星标记分析;从鸡的遗传图谱中选择10个与产蛋性能相关的微卫星基因座,随机选取丝羽乌骨鸡共120只进行标记基因型与产蛋性状的最小二乘分析,结果表明有5个标记分别与4个不同的月产蛋性状间存在显著相关.其中标记MCW0170的基因型DE和标记MCW0241的基因型AA最有望作为月产蛋量及早期产蛋性能的辅助标记.     

杜泊羊三个微卫星位点遗传多态性的研究

本试验检测了杜泊羊群体中三个微卫星位点OarAE101、BMS2508和HH55的多态分布情况,结果表明:这三个位点都具有7个等位基因,其多态信息含量(PIC)、有效等位基因数(E)及群体杂合度(H)依次为OarAE101:0．8400/6．6370/0．8493;BMS2508:0．8218/5． 9620/0．8323;HH55:0．7875/5．0216/0．8009,具有较高的多态性,从而为杜泊羊群体遗传多样性的度量、品种间配合力的测定以及分子辅助选择提供重要的理论依据。     

Interval mapping of growth quantitative trait loci in Japanese Black beef cattle using microsatellite DNA markers and half-sib regression analysis

A confirmatory scan for the regions of bovine chromosome 1 segregating the quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing birthweight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and preweaning and postweaning average daily gains was performed by genotyping half‐sib progeny of four Japanese Black sires using microsatellite DNA markers. Data were analyzed by generating an F‐statistic every 1 cM on a linkage map by the regression of phenotype on the probabilities of inheriting an allele from the sire after adjusting for the fixed effects of sire, sex, parity and season of birth as well as age as a covariate. Permutation tests at chromosome‐wide significance thresholds were carried out over 10 000 iterations. A significant QTL for birthweight at 114 cM was detected in the sire 2 family. This identification of a birthweight QTL in Japanese Black cattle may be useful for the implementation of marker‐assisted selection.     

Comparison of populations of the wilt pathogen Ceratocystis albifundus in South Africa and Uganda

Ceratocystis albifundus is an important fungal pathogen of Acacia mearnsii trees in South Africa. In a previous study, a high level of gene diversity was demonstrated in a South African population of C. albifundus . This, together with the occurrence of the pathogen on native Protea species and its exclusive occurrence in South Africa, led to the hypothesis that C. albifundus is probably native to that country. More recently, C. albifundus has been reported from A. mearnsii in south-western Uganda. The aim of this study was to compare the populations of C. albifundus from Uganda and South Africa based on genetic diversity, population structure and possible gene flow. This was achieved using codominant microsatellite markers developed for the closely related species Ceratocystis fimbriata . Available isolates for comparison were from six different areas of South Africa and six jungle stands in Uganda. Eight of the 11 available markers amplified loci in C. albifundus . Gene diversity was higher in the Ugandan population, but genotypic diversity was greater for the South African isolates. There were no common genotypes between the two populations and they shared only 22% of the total alleles. The populations were genetically isolated from each other and highly substructured within. There was no association between isolates collected from the same geographic locations, and gene flow between the two populations was low. Results suggest that C. albifundus was probably not introduced into Uganda from South Africa but rather that an ancestral population, yet to be discovered, is the source of both populations.     

利用微卫星标记对蒙古马和纯血马遗传多样性的研究

通过13个微卫星座位对蒙古马和纯血马两大品种的60匹马进行了遗传检测。用8％非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离PCR扩增产物，并用银染法显色。通过软件计算了各微卫星座位的等位基因频率、有效等位基因数(Ne)、多态信息含量(PIC)和杂合度(H)。结果13个座位中UCDEQ440变异最大，TKY16变异最小；纯血马的Ne、PIC和H的平均值均稍高于蒙古马；总群体的平均遗传分化系数是0．0429。这些研究将为今后我国培育优良品种马提供思路。     

不等微卫星座位数目对Nei氏标准遗传距离估测精度的影响

以实际测定的19个微卫星座位的基因频率为基础，分析了中国4个山羊品种在3、6、9、12、15个微卫星座位情况下的遗传距离精度，结果表明：随着微卫星数目的增多，遗传距离精度也随着升高。￡检验结果表明：15个座位下测得的遗传距离精度与在3、6、9、12座位时的估测精度呈显著差异。分析群体间遗传关系时应选用较多的座位。