人工养殖西伯利亚鲟精子超低温冷冻保存研究

研究了人工养殖西伯利亚鲟精子的生物学特征及超低温冷冻保存方法。西伯利亚鲟的产精量为113.67±39.86 ml,精子密度为(6.49±3.10)×108/ml,精子活力为(85.4±9.5)%,精子寿命为353±23 s。精子密度与精子快速运动时间、精子寿命之间均存在线性相关,用方程分别表示为:y=1.0384x+1.5089(R2=0.7325);y=2.9069x+74.289(R2=0.6967)。结果表明精子密度可作为一项精子质量评价的标准。通过比较西伯利亚鲟精子在不同稀释液、不同抗冻剂和抗冻剂浓度、降温速率、解冻温度下的保存效果,结果表明:配方2作为稀释液,18%甲醇作为抗冻剂,二步法超低温(-196℃)冷冻保存精子,40℃水浴解冻取得最好的冻后活力,解冻后活力为(51.8±5.8)%。西伯利亚鲟授精的最佳精卵比为106∶1。在此精卵比下用冻精授精分别得到了(72.3±3)%的受精率和(52.9±4.1)%的孵化率,其中受精率与鲜精没有显著性差异,孵化率与鲜精有显著差异(P<0.05)。     

长江上游中华金沙鳅和短身金沙鳅线粒体遗传多样性研究

为了解中华金沙鳅(Jinshaia sinensis)及短身金沙鳅(J.abbreviate)遗传多样性,本研究采用线粒体DNA控制区序列,对长江上游巴南、江津、合江、宜宾、犍为、巧家、宁南和攀枝花等8个群体的中华金沙鳅(Jinshaia sinensis)及巴南、合江和犍为3个群体的短身金沙鳅(J.abbreviate)的遗传多样性进行研究。结果显示:中华金沙鳅和短身金沙鳅的遗传结构存在差异,中华金沙鳅的遗传多样性较高,单倍型多样性(Hd)和核苷酸多样性(Pi)分别为0.999和0.0182;而短身金沙鳅的遗传多样性水平较低(Hd:0.411,Pi:0.0005)。分子变异方差分析(AMOVA)显示两种鱼均无显著地理遗传分化,但单倍型系统发育树和网络结构图揭示了中华金沙鳅存在群体内遗传分化,形成三个谱系,表明缺乏长期亚群体隔离和高水平基因流。中性检验和Bayesian skyline plot(BSP)结果表明,中华金沙鳅在历史上曾发生过群体扩张事件,扩张时间约在10万~17万年前。     

不同脂肪源对施氏鲟幼鱼血清生化指标的影响

在饲料蛋白质水平和能量水平均能满足生长需要的基础上,以不同的油脂(添加水平均为6%)配制成6种试验饲料,投喂施氏鲟幼鱼7周,分析脂肪源对幼鱼血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)的含量和谷丙转氨酶活性(GPT)等生化指标的影响。结果显示:猪油组、葵花籽油组和氧化鱼油组幼鱼的TG和TC都高于鱼油组、混合油组,而其HDL-C、TC含量显著低于鱼油组、混合油组。表明猪油、葵花籽油和氧化鱼油都不利于鲟鱼的脂肪代谢;而鱼油能够调节和平衡鱼体内的脂肪代谢,降低体脂和肝脂的含量,有利于施氏鲟的健康生长。这与不同油脂具有不同的脂肪酸种类和比例有关。     

酸碱度和干露对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫和稚贝的影响

为探讨酸碱度和干露对墨西哥湾扇贝不同发育阶段的影响,2000年4月和2001年4月在浙江省玉环县抛西水产育苗场用实验生态的方法研究了酸碱度和干露对墨西哥湾扇贝浮游幼虫和稚贝生长和存活的影响。结果表明:pH值7～8存活率最高,生长最好。稚贝的耐干露能力低下。     

青蛤生境及生长

青蛤生境及生长ＨＡＢＩＴＡＴＡＮＤＧＲＯＷＴＨＯＦＣＬＡＭ（ＣＹＣＬＩＮＡＳＩＮＥＮＳＩＳＧＭＥＬＩＮ）￥ＹｕＹｅｓｈａｏａｎｄＷａｎｇＨｕｉ（ＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａＦｉｓｈｅｒｉｅｓＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，ＡＳＦ，Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ２０...     

底拖网回捕增殖对虾对经济幼鱼的损害

1984～1986年在山东南部沿海八大港湾同步增殖放流体长3cm以上的虾苗14.9116亿尾,累计回捕增殖对虾1.4亿尾,平均回捕率为9.4％,其中拖网回捕增殖对虾累计为1184.7t,但损害的七种经济幼鱼累计为4402t,应引起重视这一问题。     

盐度对黄鲷胚胎发育及早期仔鱼生长的影响

The effect of salinity on embryo and early larva development of Dentex tumiforns was discussed. Floating forms of egg in different salinities, optimal salinity for embryonic development and early larva growth was studied. The results showed: 1. In immobile condition, all eggs sank at salinity of 32.0, most of egg ssuspended in the middle of water at 34.0, and all eggs floated on the surface when salinity above 36.0. 2. Eggs did not hatch out at salinity of below 10.0 or above 60.0 and the death time of egg gradually moved up with increase or decline of salinity. Eggs hatched out at salinity range of 15.0 and 50.0, including abnormal larva. There was indistinct difference in speed of embryonic development (about 36-40h) within the salinity of 15.0 and 50.0. However the salinity had a great effect on larval survival after hatching and abnormal rate. The relation between hatching rate and salinity variation showed parabola but abnormal rate showed inverted parabola. The hatching rate was 81%-86% and abnormal rate of yolk sac larva was 27%-30% in suitable salinities of 27.0-39.0. The hatching rate was 89%-91% and abnormal rate was 13%-16% in optimal salinities of 33.0-36.0. The oil ball of abnormal larva was located in the central or front position. With increased extent of salinity, spondyle of larva bended and number of larva with arrhythmia increased. 3. The optimal salinities were 30.0-35.0 based on SAI. The test with SAI showed that SAI of early larvae was 41.25-47.53 at salinities of 30.0-35.0, the yolk and oil ball of 7-8 days larva was completely absorbed with a survival rate of 88%.     

Recruitment patterns of six species of cyprinid fishes in the lower River Trent, England

Abstract – Fisheries data were collected for six species of 0-group cyprinid fishes from eight sites in the lower reaches of the River Trent, England, between May and October 1999 inclusive, using a micromesh seine net. Recruitment and growth patterns were observed via monthly length–frequency histograms and estimations of mean length. In the cases of roach and dace, growth was approximately linear through the summer, before declining in September and October. In the cases of chub and gudgeon, and to a lesser extent bream and bleak, however, there were suggestions of multiple recruitment events. It is argued that some of the fish species examined in the present study adopt fractional or protracted spawning strategies in the lower River Trent.     

延迟投饵对杂交鲟仔鱼生长、存活和体成分的影响

以杂交鲟(Huso huso ×Acipenser baeri )仔鱼为研究对象,将其分为 8个处理组,每组100尾(各设2个平行组),分别在孵化后6 d(对照组)、8 d、10 d、12 d、14 d、16 d和18 d开始投喂冰冻卤虫和碎水蚯蚓(以质量比1:1混合),5 d后只投喂碎水蚯蚓。第8组为饥饿组,从不投饵。水温17 ℃,实验周期30 d。结果显示,仔鱼于孵出后8日龄进入混合营养期;10日龄左右是仔鱼开始加速生长的关键时期;12日龄仔鱼进入外源性营养期。随起始投饵时间的延迟,仔鱼的全长、湿重、干重和粗蛋白含量下降,鱼体水分含量则随之升高。但对照组、8日龄及10日龄起始投喂组之间的鱼体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量并没有显著差异(P>0.05),14日龄及其以后各起始投喂组仔鱼的生长和鱼体生化成分则与上述各组存在显著差异(P相似文献   

Effects of steroid hormones on in vitro oocyte maturation in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)

The in vitro effects of several steroids on the maturation of intact white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) ovarian follicles were investigated. At the highest concentration (1024 ng ml^–1 for the C21 steroids and 1139 ng ml^–1 for the C19 steroids), all of the C21 steroids tested, progesterone (P4), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-P), 17,(20,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one 20-S), 11-deoxycortisol (S) and cortisol (F), as well as testosterone (T) induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) at 14 and 22 h. At 6 h, only P4 and 17,20-P induced maturation at the highest concentration (1024 ng ml^–1). At 14 and 22 h, 11-deoxycortisol was the most potent steroid inducer of GVBD followed by P4, 17OHP, 17,20-P, and 20-S. The steroid 11-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT) was completely ineffective at all concentrations and exposure times. The C21 steroids induced oocyte maturation at concentrations ranging from 4 to 1024 ng ml^–1, whereas T induced GVBD at 225 to 1139 ng ml^–1. Calculation of the mean effective concentration that induced 50% GVBD (EC50) from the 22 h incubations revealed the following order of potencies: S > P4 > 17OHP > 17,20-P > 20-S >> F > T. These bioassay results, together with previous findings on the endogenous production of steroids by ovarian follicles from gonadotropin-primed females, indicate that more than one steroid has a biological role in the resumption of meiosis in sturgeon oocytes and provides empirical evidence for P4, 17OHP, S, 20-S, and 17,20-P as maturation-inducing steroids in white sturgeon.