Edwardsiellosis in farmed turbot,Scophthalmus maximus (L.), associated with an unusual variant of Edwardsiella tarda: a clinical,aetiological and histopathological study

During 2005 and 2010, a survey of edwardsiellosis on eight turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), farms was conducted in China. This report presents the detailed results of the study on this disease. Diseased turbot displayed two distinct types of gross signs: black discoloration of the dorsal skin on the posterior portion of the body; and red cutaneous foci on the ventral side. Internally, the most pronounced clinical signs in all fish examined were enlarged kidneys. The causal agent of the disease was finally proved to be one species of bacterium that was identified as Edwardsiella tarda by physiological and biochemical tests, API 32E and 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. It is noteworthy that unlike the commonly described E. tarda strains, the isolates in this study were non‐motile strains without flagella. A histopathological study revealed that E. tarda infection was systemic in turbot and that kidney showed the most significant pathological changes, including acute focal necrosis, an influx of macrophages and formation of granuloma. The most common histopathological characteristics of this disease are the proliferation of macrophage in various organs and formation of granuloma. In addition, this article also gave background information on the disease and presented the results of virulence tests with the E. tarda strain identified in this study.     

西伯利亚鲟桑葚心病理组织学和病因的初步研究

为了对心脏囊肿状病变的西伯利亚鲟进行病理组织学观察和病因初步探讨,使用病理组织学和电镜观察技术,对患病西伯利亚鲟各器官进行组织病理学观察。结果表明,患病西伯利亚鲟心脏表面可观察到米粒大、息肉状、紫褐色的囊状肿物,似桑葚状,心外膜上皮细胞和结缔组织明显增生,形成囊肿。组织病变为心外膜囊肿,呈动态发展过程,主要表现为囊肿上皮由扁平变为立方上皮;囊肿壁逐渐增厚与分化,使囊腔不断增多变大,腔内有大量未分化的圆球形、梭形等不同成熟度的血细胞,形成血管组织,并浸润着大量游离或团状分布细胞,整个病变类似一种肿瘤型的恶性增生,心肌细胞肿胀,断裂,溶解,坏死;肝细胞脂肪变性并浸润炎性细胞;肾间质和脾脏淋巴细胞增多。鳃小片之间观察到大量细菌侵袭上皮细胞;鳃小片上皮细胞严重肿胀增生。电子显微镜观察到心脏、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏中有大量细菌;该病可能与微量元素有关,所观察到的细菌不是直接病因。本实验对西伯利亚鲟桑葚心病的组织病理变化进行了较为系统的研究,为进一步查明病因、临床诊断防治和致病机理等相关研究提供基础资料。     

Primary bilateral corneal nerve sheath neoplasm in a dog

A 15‐year‐old, neutered male, Shih Tzu cross developed progressive corneal stromal thickening and vascularization of the right eye, and 5 months later, of the left eye. Both eyes became blind due to extensive corneal opacification and were enucleated. Light microscopic examination revealed a diffuse corneal infiltrate of neoplastic mesenchymal cells, and immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse cytoplasmic vimentin immunoreactivity and variable cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity for S100 in the neoplastic cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed desmosomes between contiguous cells, thread‐like cytoplasmic processes coated with basement membrane, extracellular bundles of collagen, and axonal degeneration consistent with features of a nerve sheath neoplasm. This is the first report of primary, bilateral corneal nerve sheath sarcoma in a canine.     

Surgical margins in the veterinary cancer patient

In veterinary oncologic specimens, histopathology is the gold standard for determining adequacy of excision. Despite limitations of this technique, the pathologist's interpretation of margin status significantly impacts patient management, including indications for adjuvant therapy. This article aims to summarize peer‐reviewed literature as it relates to histologic margin evaluation in veterinary cancer patients. The value of histologic tumour‐free margins and technical factors influencing histopathologic margin outcomes are also discussed. We review alternative strategies for determining excisional status, and discuss how an evolving understanding of tumour biology might inform clinical and research perspectives on surgical margins. In doing so, we aim to provide context and a stimulus for future investigations into this important yet incompletely understood topic.     

44例宠物犬肿瘤病理诊断及分析

收集北京地区2015~2016年宠物医院的部分宠物犬肿瘤病例56例,采用组织病理学方法进行病理诊断,并对患病动物的品种、发生部位、年龄和性别与肿瘤发生关系进行了统计分析。结果发现,56个病例中有44例确诊为肿瘤,其中良性肿瘤21例,包括肛周腺瘤、皮脂腺瘤和肥大细胞瘤等;恶性肿瘤23例,包括乳腺癌、鳞状上皮细胞癌和肛周腺癌等。本次采集的病例中,大型犬与小型犬发病率持平,皮肤、肛周与乳腺部位肿瘤的发生率较高;7岁以后是肿瘤高发期;雌性犬皮肤和乳腺肿瘤的患病率高于雄性,雄性宠物犬肛周腺肿瘤的发生率高于雌性,肿瘤总患病率雄性与雌性持平。本研究为今后宠物犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了新的参考资料。     

MC-LR急性胁迫对草鱼脾脏、头肾显微结构及BAFF和APRIL基因表达的影响

为探讨微囊藻毒素-LR(microcystin-LR,MC-LR)对鱼类的免疫毒性,采用急性毒性实验方法,分别对草鱼经腹腔注射不同剂量的MC-LR并于24、48、72 h和96 h后取免疫器官脾脏和头肾进行组织显微结构分析。结果显示,随着MC-LR剂量的增加和时间的延长,脾脏组织呈现出细胞空泡化并伴随着黑色素巨噬细胞先增多后减少的现象,尤其在75μg MC-LR·kg~(-1)BW和100μg MC-LR·kg~(-1)BW剂量组染毒48 h后,黑色素巨噬细胞中心体积显著增大;头肾组织显微结构变化主要表现为血窦、血管扩张,在75μg MC-LR·kg~(-1)BW和100μg MC-LR·kg~(-1)BW剂量组中的草鱼染毒72 h和96 h后,淋巴组织松散、排列混乱,淋巴细胞空泡化甚至细胞裂解。此外,采用荧光定量PCR分析了草鱼经不同剂量MC-LR处理96 h后脾脏和头肾中BAFF和APRIL基因表达的变化。结果显示BAFF和APRIL的表达均被不同程度地抑制,其中脾脏组织中BAFF基因在75μg MC-LR·kg~(-1)BW剂量组中被显著抑制(P0.05),头肾组织BAFF基因在75、100μg MC-LR·kg~(-1)BW剂量组中均被显著抑制(P0.05),而APRIL除了在25μg MC-LR·kg~(-1)BW剂量组的脾脏组织中表达下调不显著外,在其他处理组均被显著抑制(P0.05)。以上研究结果表明,MC-LR可导致草鱼免疫器官一系列的病理变化,并有时间和剂量效应,此外,MC-LR还可抑制B淋巴细胞分裂相关基因的表达。     

香蕉枯萎病菌及其粗毒素对香蕉的致病性比较

从8种培养液中筛选出能诱导香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race4)FOCAAA315菌株高产毒素的改良CzapekB培养液,FOCAAA315菌株在该培养液中培养第15d,镰刀菌酸(FA)产量高达669.2mg/L,蔗糖为诱导产毒的最佳碳源。采用伤根浸渍法接种,测定枯萎病菌和病菌发酵粗毒素对香蕉组培苗的致病性。结果表明,粗毒素接种可诱发与病原菌类似的病害症状。受侵染的植物组织在细胞水平上发生一系列形态结构和生理生化代谢的病理变化,包括细胞壁消解、侵填体堵塞气腔、粘胶质减少、淀粉量减少、细胞木质化和黄褐色胶状物堵塞导管等。香蕉枯萎病菌的粗毒素是重要的致病化学物质;利用病菌孢子悬浮液在香蕉苗期接种,可以作为室内快速鉴定香蕉品种抗病性的方法。     

大鼠子宫内膜炎模型的建立及其动态病理学观察

【目的】建立大鼠子宫内膜炎模型,为子宫内膜炎的发病机理及其预防治疗研究提供合适的动物病理模型。【方法】将30只清洁级雌性大鼠随机分为感染组(22只)和对照组(8只),采用手术法给大鼠子宫腔内感染致病性大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌(菌液体积比为2∶1∶1)的混合菌液,对照组大鼠未感染致病菌的混合菌液。分别于感染后第3,6,9,12天剖杀大鼠,检测其大体剖检病变和组织病理学变化,计算子宫指数,并对子宫内容物病原菌进行分离鉴定。【结果】感染后3~12 d,感染组大鼠子宫指数均较对照组大鼠极显著增加(P0.01),感染大鼠子宫出现急性卡他性炎症(感染后第3天和第6天)、化脓性炎症(感染后第9天)和慢性增生性炎症(感染后第12天);感染前期可见子宫内膜上皮细胞脱落,黏膜层水肿、充血、出血,炎症细胞浸润;感染后期可见肌层增厚等病变。【结论】采用手术法成功建立了大鼠子宫内膜炎模型,且感染后第3天为造模成功的最佳时间。     

猪瘟病毒感染致外周免疫器官损伤的病理组织学观察

将10头28日龄健康仔猪随机分成2组,其中感染组8头,对照组2头。感染组按1 mL/头颈部肌注猪瘟病毒(CSFV)石门株血毒(104TCID50/mL)进行人工感染,对照组不做任何处理。2 d后感染组仔猪体温升至40~41.5℃,稽留不退,而对照组体温正常。采集体温升高的仔猪扁桃体,运用RT-PCR方法检测,结果CSFV均为阳性,表明人工感染CSFV成功。分别于感染后4,7 d剖杀感染组和对照组仔猪各1头,剖解后观察各器官大体病变并采集脾脏和淋巴结等外周免疫器官制作石蜡切片,观察病理组织学变化;其余感染组仔猪分别于感染后13,16(2头),19,23,31 d自然死亡,死亡后按剖杀猪方法同样处理。组织学观察显示:随着病情的发展,感染组仔猪的脾脏和淋巴结的淋巴滤泡逐渐发生萎缩、甚至消失,脾脏的动脉周围淋巴鞘、淋巴结的副皮质区细胞亦逐渐减少坏死,即造成了T、B淋巴细胞的渐进性减少,而对照组无异常变化。结果表明:CSFV感染仔猪后,可引起脾脏淋巴结的淋巴细胞渐进性变性与坏死,造成免疫损伤。