Ultrasonographic imaging of experimentally induced pancreatitis in cattle

This study was conducted to determine the ultrasonographic patterns of pancreatitis evoked in cattle, with reference to laboratory and pathological findings. Using ultrasonographic guidance, acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced in six cows by injecting chloroform into the pancreatic tissue. Ultrasonographic examination was then performed once daily for nine days. Pancreatic lesions were visible 24h after induction of pancreatitis, as represented by a uniform increase in echogenicity and by intralobular and subcapsular fluid accumulation. As the experiment progressed, patchy hypoechogenic foci appeared within the gland parenchyma. Amylase and lipase activities showed rapid increases. Post mortem examination revealed gross and microscopic necrotic and haemorrhagic lesions in the body and right lobe of the pancreas, accompanied by oedema and fibrosis. Ultrasonography was found to be extremely useful for the detection and characterization of experimentally induced pancreatitis and to monitor its progression in the cow. These findings are of potential value as a reference for the diagnostic workup of bovine pancreatitis, and ultrasonography is seen as a promising non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of suspected pancreatitis in cattle.     

一起群发性奶牛尿素中毒的临床研究

2004年南京某奶牛公寓由于饲养户在奶牛饲料中添加尿素方法不当,引起群发性尿素中毒。该牛群共有奶牛87头,发病64头,药物治疗56头,治愈54头,死亡10头,均为成母牛。作者调查了发病牛群的病史、临床症状、病理变化、治疗情况,对中毒奶牛的血液进行生化分析,并与正常奶牛比较,结果血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌酐(CRE)、尿素氮(UN)、葡萄糖(GLU)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH-L)等差异极显著(P<0·01),尿素(UREA)、血清K等差异显著(P<0·05),这些指标活性升高说明病牛心肌、胃肠平滑肌、肝肾等存在与病死牛的病理变化相一致的损伤。     

Studies of Host—pathogen Interaction Between Maize and Acremonium strictum From Cameroon

Different effects of Acremonium strictum from Cameroon on maize cultivars Ndock 8701, CMS 8704 and CMS 8501 were investigated. Observations of symptoms and re-isolation of the pathogen showed that the disease causes chlorosis, leaf necrosis, stem necrosis, barren plants and wilting symptoms. Reduction in growth and yield is demonstrated. In the cultivar Ndock 8701 the pathogen showed systemic development in the host tissues with inter- and intracellular colonization of the vascular bundle and adjacent tissues including the protoxylem lacuna, xylem vessels, metaxylem, sieve tubes, protophloem and metaphloem. Gels and gums were observed in the maize xylem vessels after fungal invasion and are part of the host defence response. Coloration corresponding to acidic carbohydrates and phenolic compounds was recorded. This is the first demonstration of the pathogenic nature of A. strictum in maize from Cameroon as well as the observation of gels and gums. This pathogen must be regarded as important considering its interaction in maize.     

Myopathy in a Haflinger horse: An initiating search for a fatty acid oxidation deficiency

So far, the area of fat metabolism disturbances has been poorly explored in the horse but, as in man, deficiencies in the β‐oxidation of fatty acids (FAOX) and in carnitine metabolism or carnitine transport potentially can be a cause of myopathy. A 9‐year‐old Haflinger patient with recurrent rhabdomyolysis and 5 healthy horses of various breeds with a mean age of 16 ± 5.9 years were used as a comparison. Blood biochemical analysis revealed elevated aspartate amino transferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities. Plasma vitamin E concentration was low and selenium was within the reference range. Quantitative electromyography was indicative of myopathy based on the short duration and low amplitude motor unit action potentials. Staining of muscle biopsies was suggestive for a myopathy based on a disturbance in fat catabolism. Carnitine, acylcarnitines, very‐long‐chain fatty acids and organic acids screening in blood and urine established no differences between these parameters in the patient and control horses. Even though this patient was negative on FAOX or carnitine disturbances, the potency of the applied methods seems large and indicates a potential diagnostic value.     

INTRAOSSEOUS EPIDERMOID CYSTS IN THE DISTAL PHALANX OF TWO DOGS

Two dogs were presented with a history of lameness associated with swelling of one of the digits. Radiographs of the affected digits revealed an irregularly mineralized, smoothly marginated proliferative bone lesion in the distal phalanx of one dog and a destructive bony lesion in the distal phalanx of the second dog. The differential diagnosis included nail bed carcinoma, malignant melanoma, osteomyelitis, and subungual keratoacanthoma. Radiographic findings and no response to medical treatment resulted in amputation and submission of the digits for a histopathologic diagnosis. Histologic examination of the distal phalanx of the digits revealed benign epidermoid cysts associated with either bony proliferation or osteolysis. Excision of the lesions was curative. This report presents the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings associated with intraosseous epidermoid cysts in the distal phalanx of two dogs. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, Vol. 33, No. 3, 1992, pp 133–137 .     

Comparison of liver cytology and biopsy diagnoses in dogs and cats: 56 cases

Abstract: The results of liver cytology and corresponding biopsy specimens submitted to the Pathology Department at Angell Memorial Animal Hospital during 1998 were retrospectively reviewed to objectively assess the diagnostic value of liver cytology. A "corresponding" biopsy was defined as a biopsy specimen obtained within 1 day of the cytology specimen. Fifty-six cases were reviewed, including 25 from dogs and 31 from cats. Results were in complete agreement in 34 cases, in partial agreement in 11 cases, and in disagreement in 11 cases. Agreement occurred most often in cases of fatty change (10 cases) and neoplasia (7 cases of lymphoma and 3 cases of epithelial tumor). Disagreement was most common in cases of hepatitis (6 cases) in which inflammation was not seen in cytologic specimens. Other causes for disagreement included fibrosis (2 cases), and 1 case each of amyloidosis, hemangiosarcoma, and lymphoma. Three cytologic specimens were considered suggestive of hepatitis because of leukocytosis in the background, although clinicians were advised to compare cytologic observation to CBC results. Cytologic evaluation of the liver was useful for determining disease processes, especially when disease distribution was diffuse.     

Two cases of cutaneous T cell lymphoma in Friesian cows in the Azores

This paper presents two cases of cutaneous neoplasia in Friesian cows, on the island of S. Miguel, Azores. The lesions consisted of raised pink plaques, with no pruritus or signs of associated pain, that were extensively distributed over both lateral and ventral body surfaces. The histological examination of the material obtained by skin biopsy or post-mortem suggested a T cell lymphoma with extensive epidermal infiltration. The lymph nodes showed extensive invasion by tumour cells. The results of immunocytochemistry, which were the same for the tumour cells in the skin and in the lymph node, were positive for CD3, confirming the T cell origin of the tumour cells. It was concluded that these were cases of T cell lymphoma, involving both skin and lymph nodes. Although there have been other reports of cutaneous lymphosarcoma in the literature, these are the first cases identified in the Azores.     

Vitamin C deficiency in the catfish Clarias gariepinus

Regardless of the absence of spinal deformities, vitamin C deprivation in adult-sized Clarias gariepinus challenged the physical integrity and survival of fish, inducing changes that greatly resembled those of fingerlings of other species. Vitamin C was presumed to be a dietary facilitator, which when deprived in the diet of C. gariepinus , would obstruct intestinal absorption of iron and/or impair its release from the reticulo-endothelial stores. This impaired erythrocyte synthesis led into anaemia (as indicated by lowered levels of red blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit). Leukopenia noted in fish on a scorbutic (lacking vitamin C) diet suggested functional depression of phagocytic engulfment with increased susceptibility to the deteriorating action of pathogenic agents. Changes in histology included hypertrophy, oedematous separation and telangiectasia of gill lamellae. Shrunken glomeruli, sloughed Bowman's capsules and tubular dilation and distortion were also shown. Shrunken hepatocytes and the occurrence of yellowish ceroid pigments were the concrete histopathological signs in liver. Vitamin C is thus suggested as a potent antioxidant that offers protection against oxidative damage to various fish tissues.     

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of bovine papular stomatitis viruses detected in Saga,Japan

In this study, we performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis of six bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) field strains detected from Japanese beef calves kept on a farm in Saga prefecture, a southwest part of Japan, from 2017 to 2020. The phylogenetic analysis based on a partial B2L gene (554-nt) showed that these field strains were divided into two lineages, a lineage (A-lineage) constructed by a Saga strain and strains obtained from various regions of Japan and the world, and other lineage (B-lineage) constructed by five Saga strains and strains obtained from France, USA and Iwate prefecture (a north part of Japan). Furthermore, a Saga field strain named BPSV_SAGAbv2 and strains obtained from USA and Iwate prefecture belonged to a sub-lineage blanched from B-lineage. This is the first report elucidating molecular epidemiological characters of field BPSVs obtained from Saga prefecture. The existence of the multiple lineages was thought to be related to a history of calf introduction from various regions of Japan into Saga prefecture.     

An investigation of a reported case of white striping in broilers

Market reports of white striping in broiler breast fillets have been increasing, which has generated concerns in the broiler meat industry regarding negative effects on consumer acceptance. This study was conducted to macro- and microscopically characterize the condition of white striping at varying degrees of severity on Cobb 500 broiler breast fillets slaughtered at 42 d of age. Carcasses of 2,512 broilers presenting white striping were slaughtered and macroscopically classified according to the degree of severity of the striations as moderate or severe; further histological microscopic evaluation demonstrated degenerative myopathy in both moderate and severe cases, but 75% of those breast fillets were classified as moderate. Typically, the samples classified macroscopically as moderate showed microscopic necrosis only (65.17%) or moderate multifocal necrosis (9.83%), whereas those classified as severe showed diffuse and strong necrosis (25.00%). The proliferation of connective tissue was not observed for either of the degrees of white striping investigated, characterizing this profile as an acute occurrence.