柞蚕微孢子虫在柞蚕体内增殖的组织病理学研究

本试验用偶氮红和苯胶兰对柞蚕微孢子病蚕组织切片进行复染后光镜观察；依常规方法制成柞蚕微孢子虫和柞蚕微孢子虫病蚕组织的超薄切片和扫描电镜试材后者电镜观察和拍照。结果表明：柞蚕的中肠、丝腺、脂肪体为易感组织，后期感染肌肉、马氏管、气管管壁细胞，最后真皮细胞亦被感染，同时也查明了上述组织细胞的病理变化。     

Malassezia dermatitis in the dog: a retrospective histopathological and immunopathological study of 86 cases (1990–95)

A retrospective histopathological and immunopathological study was conducted on 86 dogs with Malassezia dermatitis. West Highland White terriers, English Setters, Shih Tzus, Basset Hounds, American Cocker Spaniels, spayed females, and castrated males were found to be at increased risk. The histopathological reaction pattern of lymphocytic superficial perivascular to interstitial dermatitis with parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, irregular epidermal hyperplasia, diffuse intercellular oedema and lymphocytic exocytosis was found to be consistent with a diagnosis of Malassezia dermatitis whether yeast were histologically visible (73.3% of the cases) or not (26.7%). Immunopathological studies revealed that 60– > 90% of the inflammatory cells within the epidermis, and 25–75% of those within the dermis were CD3+T lymphocytes, and that the only immunoglobulin-positive cells were dermal plasma cells.     

USE OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY AND AUTOMATED CORE BIOPSY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES IN SMALL ANIMALS

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and core biopsy in the diagnosis of infiltrative gastrointestinal diseases. Six dogs and seven cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease underwent ultrasonography and intestinal lesions were identified. One or more ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and/or core biopsy procedures were performed in each patient. Each patient also underwent one of the following additional procedures for comparison of results: 1) surgery (n=4), 2) endoscopy (n=2), 3) post mortem exam (n=3), and, 4) for lymphoma diagnosed with ultrasound-guided procedures, response to chemotherapy (n=4). Correct diagnoses were obtained in nine of the 13 patients, incorrect diagnoses in two of the 13 patients, and inconclusive diagnoses in two of the thirteen patients. Of the 16 total ultrasound-guided procedures performed, ten were confirmed as correct, three as incorrect, and three were non-diagnostic. Intestinal lesions with bowel wall thickness greater than 2.0 cm had a higher percentage of correct diagnoses than lesions of lesser wall thickness. Gastric lesions had a higher percentage of correct diagnoses than small and large intestinal lesions. Malignant lesions had a higher percentage of correct diagnoses than benign lesions. There were no complications. Ultrasound-guided gastrointestinal fine-needle aspiration biopsy and core biopsy appears to be a safe, accurate, and rapid procedure for use in the diagnosis of infiltrative gastrointestinal disease.     

蒲公英多糖对小鼠免疫器官的影响

从蒲公英中提取多糖,观察其对小鼠免疫机能的影响。30只昆明种小鼠随机分成试验组和对照组,每组15只。试验持续10 d,于试验第3天给试验组小鼠灌服制备的蒲公英多糖溶液,对照组小鼠则以生理盐水灌胃。试验结束后脱颈处死小鼠,剖检,取胸腺和脾脏分别称重,并取适当组织制备切片镜检。结果显示,蒲公英多糖能显著提高脾脏指数和胸腺指数,改善器官内部组织结构,促进小鼠免疫器官的生长发育,有利于提高小鼠的免疫功能。     

猪皮炎肾病综合征组织病理学和PCR诊断

应用病理学和PCR方法,对浙江某猪场送检的疑似猪皮炎肾病综合征（PDNS）病猪进行诊断。结果发现肾脏呈现纤维蛋白性肾小球肾炎变化,真皮及皮下血管表现为坏死性脉管炎,淋巴组织中大量淋巴细胞缺失、多核巨细胞浸润,PCR扩增产物显示猪圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）阳性。结果表明,该猪场感染了PCV-2,并表现为PDNS的病理特征。     

试验羊饲喂不同青贮处理黄花棘豆的病理组织学观察

采用3种不同青贮方法对黄花棘豆进行青贮,并每天按10 g/kg体重剂量给试验羊投服,观察黄花棘豆不同方法青贮后对试验羊的病理组织学影响。结果表明,3种方法青贮黄花棘豆后取得较好效果;试验羊连续投服60 d没有出现中毒症状,仅在试验期间提耳应激时表现为轻度转圈运动;病理组织学观察结果表明,试验羊的肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、小脑、脾脏和心肌等实质性组织均有不同程度的损伤,特别是大脑损伤最为明显,其中黄花棘豆添加酶制剂和"棘防E号"青贮组对试验羊肝脏、肺脏和肾脏的损伤比直接青贮组严重。     

Cytology and the cell block method in diagnostic characterization of canine lymphadenopathy and in the immunophenotyping of nodal lymphoma

Minimally invasive techniques used to evaluate canine peripheral lymphadenopathy (PLN), including fine needle aspiration biopsy with cytological evaluation (FNAB‐C) and flow cytometry (FC), have benefits and limitations. The cell block (CB) method is an alternate processing technique in which fine needle aspirate biopsy samples are concentrated, fixed, and embedded in paraffin for routine histological processing/staining. Utilizing three observers, we determined the diagnostic value of the CB in evaluating canine PLN across six categories (non‐diagnostic, reactive, inflammatory/infectious, probable lymphoma and lymphoma, metastatic neoplasia) and correlated findings to immunophenotypic and clonal antigen receptor rearrangement results in canine nodal lymphoma. Eighty‐five paired FNAB‐C and CB samples were evaluated from canine patients presenting to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Oncology or Internal Medicine services. Diagnostic quality samples were obtained in 55/85 (65%) CB and 81/85 (95%) FNAB‐C samples, respectively, and nodal pathology impacted CB diagnostic yield. Overall percent agreement between diagnostic‐quality FNAB‐C and CB samples was 86%, but increased to 95% if the categories of lymphoma and probable lymphoma were combined. There was 100% agreement for both the diagnoses of metastatic neoplasia and reactive lymph nodes and 92% agreement for the diagnosis of lymphoma/probable lymphoma. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), CB samples correctly immunophenotyped 22/23 (96%) cases of B‐cell lymphoma, but only 1/6 (17%) cases of T‐cell lymphoma. IHC was not completed on nine cases of lymphoproliferative disease because of insufficient cellularity. When the CB method (CBM) yielded diagnostic quality samples there was good to excellent agreement with FNAB‐C samples and CB samples were suitable for some IHC tests.     

一例比格犬先天性隐睾的组织病理学观察

通过研究隐睾症比格(Beagle)犬睾丸、附睾的组织病理学改变,建立适用于GLP的实验动物背景性资料。采用常规组织学方法,对比格犬隐睾及正常侧睾丸、附睾进行光学显微镜观察,确定组织病理学变化特点。与正常组织相比,隐睾胶原纤维组织增生,睾丸曲细精管内仅见少量精原细胞及支持细胞。附睾间质增宽,间质内填充增生的胶原纤维,附睾管内精子缺如。需加强比格犬自发病变的病理监测,为药物安全性评价提供实验动物的背景资料。     

Experimental Pathological Study of Acute African Swine Fever

To study the clinicopathology and histopathology of African swine fever (ASF), and to explore the internal relationship between pathological changes and disease occurrence and development and its pathological mechanism, 13 Landrace pigs with bodyweight about 20 kg were intramuscular injected with African swine fever virus (ASFV), strain Pig/HLJ/18 at a dose of 10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1. During the experiment, all the dead pigs were systematically dissected and sampled, paraffin sections were produced, and haematoxylin-eosin staining was performed. Clinicopathological evaluation standards for acute ASF were established, then pathological lesions (classification variables) were expressed by counting frequency and percentage, and the lesion degree (continuous variables) was graded and scored according to different pathological changes of various tissues and organs. The results showed that all infected pigs were in line with the clinical characteristics of ASF, including acute, febrile and highly infectious, with a 100% incidence rate and 100% mortality. The dead pigs showed typical characteristics of septicemia, cadavers prone to corruption, blood clotting adverse or hemolysis, rigor mortis incomplete. The main pathological lesions were hemorrhagic necrotizing lymphadenitis, acute inflammatory splenomegaly (septic spleen), cerebral edema, pulmonary edema and lung consolidation et al. The spleen and lymphonodus are the target organs attacked by ASFV, with the most significant lesions, the earliest occurrence time, the longest duration and the highest frequency. The most prominent pathological changes are blood circulation disorders, including multiple pathological manifestations such as edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, infarction, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and the most important characteristics are hemorrhagic lesions. The inflammatory reaction of lymphocytic exudation caused by ASFV runs through the whole process, especially in the middle and later stages of the course. The results suggest that the main pathological process of acute African swine fever is a typical immune/inflammatory cascade reaction and severe systemic blood circulation disorder, which resulted in the high incidence rate and high mortality rate of acute ASF.     

猪冠状病毒性脑脊髓炎病理组织学及免疫病理学观察

对9例冠状病毒性脑脊髓炎仔猪病理组织学观察结果,本病是以脑脊髓软膜及实质的血管周围围以巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞;神经细胞变性、坏死;神经胶质细胞局灶性和弥散性增生为特征的非化脓性脑脊髓炎变化。病变在端脑、脑干、脊髓和半月状神经节都有分布,以小脑、延脑和桥脑的病变最重。免疫器官的免疫细胞反应是体液免疫和细胞免疫同时存在的混合免疫。