碳水化合物种类和水平对大黄鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量的影响

本试验旨在研究碳水化合物种类和水平对大黄鱼生长性能、全鱼和肌肉常规成分、血清生化指标、肝脏糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量的影响。采用2×3双因素试验设计,选取葡萄糖和小麦淀粉2种碳水化合物,分别设0、15%、30%3个碳水化合物水平,共配制5种等氮等脂试验饲料。每种饲料饲喂3个重复,每个重复放养初始体重为(8.53±0.07)g的大黄鱼50尾,养殖试验持续8周。结果表明:饲料碳水化合物种类和水平及其交互作用对大黄鱼的终末体重、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)有显著影响(P0.05)。饲料葡萄糖水平由0增加到30%时,大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR显著降低(P0.05);饲料小麦淀粉水平由0增加到15%时,大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR显著升高(P0.05),饲料小麦淀粉水平由15%增加到30%时,大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR显著降低(P0.05)。FCR随饲料葡萄糖水平的升高显著升高(P0.05);FCR在饲料小麦淀粉水平由0增加到15%时显著降低(P0.05),由15%增加到30%时显著升高(P0.05)。15%或30%水平下,小麦淀粉组大黄鱼的终末体重、WGR和SGR均显著高于葡萄糖组(P0.05),饲料系数显著低于葡萄糖组(P0.05)。饲料碳水化合物种类和水平的交互作用对大黄鱼血清总蛋白(TP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖含量有显著影响(P0.05)。血清葡萄糖含量随饲料葡萄糖的水平升高先降低后升高,各组间差异显著(P0.05);血清葡萄糖含量随饲料小麦淀粉水平的升高逐渐降低,且30%小麦淀粉组显著低于0小麦淀粉组(P0.05)。饲料碳水化合物种类和水平的交互作用对大黄鱼肝脏葡萄糖激酶(GK)、6-磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)活性及肝糖原含量有显著影响(P0.05)。肝糖原含量随饲料葡萄糖的水平升高持续升高,而随饲料小麦淀粉水平的升高先升高后降低,且15%和30%水平下葡萄糖组均显著高于小麦淀粉组(P0.05)。由此得出,与葡萄糖相比,摄食含小麦淀粉饲料的大黄鱼能够通过调节糖代谢相关酶活性及肝糖原含量来维持血糖浓度的相对恒定,且饲料中添加15%小麦淀粉时能促进大黄鱼生长。     

Treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a horse by surgical debulking followed by metronomic chemotherapy

A 19‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding presented with a 6‐week history of hypersalivation, halitosis and dysmasesis. Oral examination revealed retention of food and saliva and the presence of a raised, nodular, 6 × 7 cm, ulcerated mass on the dorsal surface of the tongue base. The mass was confirmed histologically as squamous cell carcinoma. Complete resection of the mass was not possible and surgical laser debulking was followed 15 days later by chemotherapy with a combination of meloxicam and cyclophosphamide in metronomic regimen. After one week, there was a significant improvement in clinical signs and food consumption returned to normal. Therapy was well tolerated with no alteration in haematological or urinalysis parameters. After 5 months of excellent life quality, the horse showed progressive difficulties in mastication and swallowing. Endoscopic examination showed extension of the tumour to all the aboral aspect of the tongue and, with the owner's consent, the patient was subjected to euthanasia. This is believed to be the first report on the combined use of meloxicam and cyclophosphamide in a metronomic fashion for management of an oral squamous cell carcinoma in a horse. Since metronomic therapy is less expensive than conventional chemotherapy, easily administrable and well tolerated, it should be considered as a possible treatment option for nonresectable equine malignant tumours.     

Cellular localization of Visudyne® as a function of time after local injection in an in vivo model of squamous cell carcinoma: an investigation into tumor cell death

Objective To evaluate the effects of time on cellular localization of Visudyne^® after local injection. Animals Twenty athymic nude mice. Procedures A squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line (A‐431) was injected into right and left dorsolumbar subcutaneous tissue of each mouse, representing treatment (T) and control (C) tumors. In experiment 1 (Exp 1; n = 10) and 2 (Exp 2; n = 10), the T tumors received a local injection of Visudyne^® (0.1 mg/cm³), and C tumors received an equal dose of 5% dextrose in water (D5W). Mice were randomly subdivided into two groups (A and B; n = 5 per group). Mice in Exp 1A and B were sacrificed 1 and 30 min after local injection, respectively. Experiment 1A and B tumors were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy to determine drug localization. Experiment 2A and B tumors were exposed to LED illumination 1 and 30 min after injection, respectively, and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine ultrastructural tumor cell damage. Results Fluorescence was detected within the cytoplasm of T tumors in both Exp 1A and B. Significance was detected in fluorescence intensity between T1 min vs. T30 min (P = 0.03) and between T1 min and C1 min tumors (P = 0.01), respectively. Tumors in Exp 2A and B demonstrated evidence of apoptotic cell death. Conclusions Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated higher Visudyne^® concentration within SCC cytoplasm of 1 min compared with 30‐min tumors. Transmission electron microscopy results revealed that tumors treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) within 30 min of local injection undergo cellular apoptosis.     

视黄酸及干扰素对胃癌细胞系MKN45中p16,p21,c-myc基因表达的影响

目的探讨全反式视黄酸及干扰素两种因子对胃癌MKN45细胞的影响.方法将视黄酸及干扰素同时加入胃癌细胞系MKN45中进行细胞培养,用MTT法测定细胞的生长状况,并通过Northern blot和免疫组化测定p16,p21及c-myc的表达情况.结果干扰素（IFN）协同全反式视黄酸（ATRA）可有效地抑制MKN45细胞生长,癌细胞经联合用药诱导后p16和p21基因的表达水平提高,c-myc基因表达水平下降.视黄酸受体RARα基因在MKN45细胞中呈低水平表达,经ATRA和IFN诱导后表达水平提高.结论 ATRA联合IFN诱导可调节p16和p21基因的表达水平,抑制胃癌MKN45细胞生长,这可能与细胞中RARα基因高水平表达有一定关系.     

瓦氏黄颡鱼肝脂酶基因cDNA序列的克隆与序列分析

利用RT-PCR方法克隆瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)肝脂酶cDNA序列片段,并对其基因结构和系统进化关系进行分析.瓦氏黄颡鱼肝脂酶cDNA片段长1065 bp,编码353个氨基酸.肝脂酶氨基酸序列同源性分析结果表明,瓦氏黄颡鱼与其他鱼类的同源性为62%-100%.瓦氏黄颡鱼肝脂酶氨基酸残基包含糖基化位点、催化位点、催化中心三联体位点、脂质结合位点和多肽"盖"等主要结构区域.系统进化树分析表明,瓦氏黄颡鱼肝脂酶与草鱼、鳙、斑马鱼肝脂酶聚为一支.因此,瓦氏黄颡鱼的肝脂酶在鱼类进化中较为保守.     

p73a和血管内皮生长因子-C在子宫内膜癌发生发展过程中的作用

目的探讨p73a和血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)在子宫内膜癌发生发展过程中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测正常子宫、增生期子宫、子宫内膜癌组织中p73a、VEGF-C蛋白表达。结果子宫内膜癌组织中p73a、VEGF-C表达阳性率明显高于正常、增生过长、不典型增生子宫内膜(P<0.01或0.05)。p73a表达与临床分期无关(P>0.05),而VEGF-C表达与临床分期、肌层浸润有关(P<0.01或0.05)。子宫内膜癌组织中p73a与VEGF-C表达呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论 p73a、VEGF-C在子宫内膜癌发生、发展中起重要作用,VEGF-C可作为预后判断指标。     

薯蓣丸加减方对鼻咽癌放疗患者EB病毒的影响

目的 观察薯蓣丸加减方对鼻咽癌放疗患者EB病毒的影响。方法 将60例鼻咽癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,观察组在放疗开始第1天给予口服薯蓣丸加减方治疗,对照组在开始放疗第1天给予康复新液治疗。观察两组治疗前后临床疗效、患者生活质量及EB病毒DNA水平。结果 治疗后观察组临床疗效及中医症候疗效均优于对照组(P＜0.05);两组生活质量均有明显改善(P＜0.05),观察组改善更为显著(P＜0.01);血浆EBV-DNA水平均较治疗前下降(P＜0.05),观察组下降更为显著(P＜0.01)。结论 薯蓣丸加减方对鼻咽癌放疗患者有较好的治疗作用,可提高患者生活质量,其作用机制可能与降低鼻咽癌患者血浆EBV-DNA水平有关。     

Highly metastatic ovarian yolk sac carcinoma in a rat

We investigated a highly metastatic ovarian yolk sac carcinoma in a 52-week-old female Crl:CD(SD) rat. Macroscopically, the present case had severe ascites, bilateral ovarian masses and numerous nodules in the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Histopathologically, these masses and nodules were generally composed of two types of cells mimicking a parietal and visceral yolk sac. The parietal cells were round to polygonal, contained eosinophilic droplets and were arranged in nests and cords in the eosinophilic matrix. Both the intracytoplasmic droplets and the matrix were stained positively with PAS. The visceral cells were cylindriform, and proliferated in papillary and tubular patterns and occasionally formed Shiller-Duval body-like structures. In the dissemination sites, the neoplastic cells proliferated on the surface of the various tissues and often infiltrated into deeper parts of the tissues. Immunohistochemically, both neoplastic cells were positive for α-fetoprotein and keratin, and the eosinophilic matrix was positive for laminin. Ultrastructurally, the parietal cells had dilated rough endoplasmic reticulums, which were filled with electron-lucent laminated structures. The visceral cells had poorly to moderately developed intracytoplasmic organelles and were interconnected with desmosomes. Taken together, the present tumor was diagnosed as yolk sac carcinoma arising from the ovary and was characterized by not only high metastasis but also invasive infiltration with biphasic proliferation of the parietal and visceral cells.     

Gait deficits in liver disease: Hepatic encephalopathy and hepatic myelopathy

In this issue, the unusual clinical presentation of a horse diagnosed is described with severe liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. The horse initially presented for thoracic and pelvic limb ataxia and weakness, and signs of forebrain disease were not apparent until later in the disease process. The typical pathology of central nervous system disease associated with liver disease is related to encephalopathy and forebrain disease; however, the spinal cord is occasionally also involved. Hepatic myelopathy is a rare syndrome usually associated with surgical or acquired portosystemic shunts, liver cirrhosis and/or portal hypertension in man. Where a gliopathy is the most prominent pathological feature seen in hepatic encephalopathy, in hepatic myelopathy the most remarkable feature is demyelination of the corticospinal tracts of the distal cervical and thoracic spinal cord with occasional axon loss. The clinical signs of hepatic myelopathy are spastic paresis/paralysis with normal sensory findings and preserved sphincter function. The prognosis for hepatic myelopathy is generally poor. In summary, in severe liver disease, motor deficits can occur secondary to the encephalopathy, but motor deficits can also occur as a result of spinal cord pathology such as seen in hepatic myelopathy. In examination of horses with myelopathies, liver disease as a cause of myelopathy should be included in our list of differentials.     

日粮能量水平对扬州鹅脂肪代谢及HL基因表达的影响

选用35日龄、体重相近的扬州鹅200只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只(公、母各半),分别饲喂4个代谢能水平的日粮(A组10.11、B组11.19、C组12.37和D组13.45 MJ/kg),研究其对扬州鹅脂肪代谢及肝脂酶(HL)基因表达的影响。结果表明:与A组相比,D组扬州鹅的屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),腹脂率极显著提高(P<0.01);随着能量水平的提高,血清极低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯显著降低,低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶活性及其表达量均显著增加(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明,日粮能量水平显著影响扬州鹅机体脂肪代谢和HL基因mRNA的表达。