Influence of self-pollination in fruit quality of autogamous almonds

Due to the several advantages expected from growing self-compatible almond cultivars, breeding programmes have recently introduced self-compatibility as an important trait. However, doubts have arisen regarding the capability of the newly obtained self-compatible almonds to produce good yields in monovarietal plantations, and the commercial quality of the fruits from self-pollination. For this reason, in the last years several studies have been conducted to evaluate fruit set and fruit traits following self- and cross-pollination of self-compatible almonds. Their results showed inconsistencies for fruit set and for some of the fruit traits studied. Thus, while some studies showed no differences between both pollination types for any of the fruit traits, others clearly showed important differences with the detriment of self-pollination for commercially important fruit traits. The fact that some of these studies evaluated a low number of individuals and/or fruit traits, implies the need of a more complete study. In this work, 10 fruit traits were studied in 26 self-compatible almonds following self-pollination by bagging and open pollination treatments. In general, and despite a few individuals showed differences between both pollination types for two of the traits, the results showed no influence of self-pollination in fruit quality.     

桑白毛虫生物学特性研究

桑白毛虫在重庆市一年发生2代,越冬后的蛹在5月中旬进入羽化期.第1代桑白毛虫各虫态历期:卵期3.9天,幼虫期21.2天(25.99℃),蛹期61.5天,成虫寿命5~7天;幼虫发生盛期在5月中旬~6月中旬,每头幼虫全龄食桑量9234.73mg,经6个龄期而化蛹;成虫羽化盛期在8月下旬~9月上旬,每雌平均产卵量447粒,雌:雄=1:1.48.第2代桑白毛虫幼虫发生期从8月下旬开始至11月底结束,盛期在10月中旬~11月中旬,幼虫全龄经过46.22天(17.48℃),幼虫食桑量与第1代相近似,化蛹期集中在气温较低(15℃~16℃)的11月份.     

Polymorphism of IGFBP2 Gene and Its Association with Meat Quality Traits in Pigs

This study was aimed to analyze the genetic variation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) gene effect on meat quality traits in pigs. A pair of primer was designed,which based on DNA sequence of IGFBP2 gene (GenBank accession No.:BV727778). The genetic polymorphism of IGFBP2 gene was detected by PCR-RFLP in Sujiang pig, Jiangquhai pig and Landrace pig, and the association between IGFBP2 gene polymorphism and meat quality traits in three pig breeds was analyzed. The results showed that three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected. The Chi-square test results showed that the genotype distribution of three pig breeds was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The polymorphism information content (PIC) were moderately polymorphic in three pig breeds. According to the association analysis of different genotypes, significant difference was found in color value, intramuscular fat content and marbling, the color value (except for Jianquhai pig) and intramuscular fat content of AA genotype were significantly higher than AB and BB genotypes (P < 0.05), the marbling of AA and AB genotypes was significantly higher than BB genotype (P < 0.05). In conclusion,the polymorphism of IGFBP2 gene intron 3 had significant effects on meat quality traits, and was candidate gene for the potential impact on meat quality traits of pigs.     

Foraging specialisms, prey size and life-history patterns: a test of predictions using sympatric polymorphic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

Abstract –  We use arguments based on optimal foraging theory to predict body size constraints and the consequences of these on a range of life-history traits in three trophic specialist morphs of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus , living in sympatry in Loch Rannoch, Scotland. As predicted, foraging specialists feeding on small prey items with a narrow size range showed evidence of deterministic growth; the ultimate body size of macrobenthos feeders being larger ( L _∞ = 238 mm) than that of planktivores ( L _∞ = 216 mm). In contrast, the piscivorous morph showed no evidence of reaching a maximal body size.
The two size-constrained morphs (benthivores and planktivores) matured earlier and died younger (living for up to 11 and 7 years, respectively, in this study) than did the piscivorous charr which showed continuous growth up to at least 17 years.
The pattern of annual reproductive investment in maturing individuals was complex. Planktivores invested in larger eggs than the other two forms, but benthivores produced a greater number of eggs than planktivores, which in turn produced more than piscivores. Planktivorous males had a greater investment in mean testis weight than the other two forms.
Lifetime reproductive output was the greatest in the benthivorous charr, intermediate in planktivorous and the lowest in the piscivorous charr when measured either as fecundity or as gonadal weight. We conclude that constraints imposed upon foraging specialists by foraging efficiency is a significant driver of body size and ultimately reproductive investment in gape-limited foraging salmonids.     

土壤施硅对小麦和麦蚜的影响

为明确土壤施硅对小麦蚜虫的防控效果，本研究在小麦种植前分别配施0（CK）、40、80和120 kg/hm²四个浓度的硅肥，测量施硅后小麦生育期、生物量、叶面积、株高、产量指标以及荻草谷网蚜Sitobion miscanthi和禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi发生量。结果表明，施硅对小麦株高和穗数无显著影响，但80 kg/hm²和120 kg/hm²浓度施硅处理后小麦叶面积分别为1 786.03 mm²和2 033.54 mm²，生物量分别为133.68 g和134.50 g，小麦穗粒数分别为35.61粒和35.92粒，小麦千粒重分别为45.34 g和45.59 g，小麦产量分别为9 684.45 kg/hm²和9 835.05 kg/hm²，均显著高于对照，且小麦成熟期较对照提前3 d；80 kg/hm²和120 kg/hm²浓度施硅处理后禾谷缢管蚜发生量分别为90头和86头，均显著低于对照；40、80和120 kg/hm²浓度施硅处理后荻草谷网蚜发生量分别为128、117和105头，均显著低于对照。因此，田间土壤施硅80 kg/hm²和120 kg/hm²可以明显改善小麦农艺性状，提高小麦产量，并能减少麦蚜发生量。     

生物有机肥在糯米香茶上的应用研究

通过3种生物有机肥和牛粪在糯米香茶上的应用研究，发现3种生物有机肥均能改善农艺性状和感官品质并提高茶叶产量。其中金葵子生物有机肥处理效果稍好；恒丰生物有机肥处理效果居中；沃野诺丰生物有机肥处理效果稍差。     

云南撒坝猪H-FABP基因多态性及与部分生产性能的关系

采用PCR-RFLP技术检测H-FABP基因5′上游区1125~1817区段HinfⅠ酶切位点在撒坝猪群体中的多态性分布,并采用最小二乘分析模型初步统计分析检测位点多态性与部分生产性能的相关性。结果表明,H-FABP基因等位基因H及基因型Hh在群体中占优势,频率分别为0.6022和0.4194;H-FABP基因在群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;H-FABP基因检测位点基因型间在生长和繁殖性状上不存在不利影响。     

肉鹅的多态性DNA分子标记及其与屠宰性状的相关性研究

应用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术分析鹅群的分子标记与屠宰性状的相关性。结果表明 ,从 4 0条随机引物中所筛选出的 14条引物 ,在 5 6日龄的四川白鹅与天府肉鹅两群体中扩增产物的多态率分别为 93.10 %和91.38%。两鹅群中具有共同的标记H0 30 7对活重、屠体重和全净膛重的影响显著 ;具共同的互作标记组合对特定性状有显著效应 :H0 70 2与G14 0 2的互作对活重、H190 2与H190 8的互作对翅重有显著效应。     

管涔山林区肉色香蘑的初步研究

肉色香蘑　lepistairina (Fr)Bigelow .是一种优质的食用菌。本文首次对山西省管涔林区的肉色香蘑进行了生物学特性、矿质营养成分分析以及生物化学等方面的初步研究 ,经测定得知肉色香蘑子实体含有十分丰富的营养物质 ,是一种有待开发利用的食用菌资源。     

孑遗植物水松（Glyptostrobus pensilis）数量性状间的相关聚类分析

以屏南水松天然林为研究对象，运用尺型聚类分析方法对水松种群的25个数量性状进行聚类分析，探讨水松数量性状间的相互关系及其对水松生长、遗传及生态经济性状的影响．结果表明：水松材积与树高、冠长、胸径等性状呈显著正相关，生长性状与光合作用的面积有关；树高是决定材积的第一要素；水松在干形遗传、自然整枝等方面的遗传性较为稳定．