棉酚对多浪羊淋巴细胞凋亡的影响

通过棉酚对多浪羊淋巴细胞的研究,探索棉酚体积分数对淋巴细胞的影响.主要用细胞培养、瑞氏-吉姆萨染色、DNA电泳等方法观察棉酚对多浪羊淋巴细胞的凋亡效应.结果表明:当细胞培养液中棉酚体积分数为0.071mol/L,培养淋巴细胞8h后,可抑制多浪羊淋巴细胞的增殖,并且促进其凋亡.     

棉花幼苗和离体根无性系中棉酚的动态变化研究

以陆地棉三对色素腺体近等基因系以及海岛棉不同色素腺体基因型为材料 ,对种子萌发后的子叶、根系和离体根系无性系的棉酚及其旋光体含量进行了系统的分析 ,结果表明 ,有色素腺体棉种子萌发后的子叶棉酚含量呈下降趋势 ,而无色素腺体棉则呈积累趋势 ;棉花根系中的棉酚含量与子叶有相同趋势 ,但变幅显著小于子叶。有色素腺体棉和无色素腺体棉的离体根系无性系中的棉酚含量均随着培养时间而持续增加 ,培养 2 5d的棉花根系无性系中的棉酚含量可达到 0 .8%～0 .9% ,说明棉酚主要由棉花根系合成。棉酚旋光体含量测定结果表明 ,棉花种子萌发初期的子叶左旋棉酚和右旋棉酚含量与其种仁相一致 ,但种子萌发 1 4d后 ,二者的含量几乎相等 ;离体根系无性系 ,以及无色素腺体棉的子叶和根系中的棉酚均为消旋棉酚 ,表明棉花生长过程中合成的棉酚为消旋棉酚。此外 ,本文还就棉酚及其旋光体的合成和代谢进行了讨论。     

增产菌对棉株光合性能、产量和品质改进的作用机制

在棉田塑膜覆盖条件下,对增产菌在棉花上的作用机制进行了系统的研究,本文为有关光合性能、产量和品质改进方面的结果。增产菌处理棉株的光合性能得到改善,总光合强度比对照增加14.5％,并使之构成优良的农艺性状,比对照增加果枝2.8％,落铃减少10.9％,吐絮增加7.9％,增收皮棉9.4％,同时使棉纤维强度和长度增加,棉籽油的棉酚含量降低6.8％,棉籽氨基酸含量增加,特别是人体必需的五种氨基酸平均增加13.2％,但落蕾率比对照田也有所增加。     

棉子全价萃取技术

本文系统地论述了棉子资源及其全价开发的意义以及棉子加工现状。并着重讨论了萃取技术在棉子全价工程中的应用。     

亚洲棉×比克氏棉异源四倍体子叶腺体延缓发生特性的研究

本研究对亚×比异源四倍体种子及植株各器官的色素腺体密度、大小和棉酚含量进行了观察和测定,对亚×比异源四倍体幼苗进行了腺体发生和棉酚含量的动态研究。从生化角度进一步证明亚×比异源四倍体具有种子无腺体、植株有腺体的特性。研究结果还表明,亚×比异源四倍体从种子无腺体到植株有腺体的过渡时期为种子萌发时的子叶展开期;并提出了“腺体细胞”和“腺体原”的概念。本文对亚×比异源四倍体腺体形成及棉酚合成部位等问题进行了讨论。     

育肥牛棉酚中毒的诊断与治疗

棉酚中毒是由于长期、过量饲喂含游离棉酚超标的棉副产品,引起的以出血性胃肠炎、血红蛋白尿以及雄性生殖毒性和母畜流产为主要特征的中毒病。新疆是我国的棉花主产区,棉花加工过程中产生了大量的棉籽饼、棉籽粕、棉壳等副产品,这些副产品是优质的动物饲料来源,具有产量多、来源广、价格便宜、适口性好的特点,广泛应用于肉牛和肉羊的育肥。本文通过对育肥牛棉酚中毒的诊断与治疗,重点阐述棉酚中毒的发病机理、治疗手段与预防措施,以期为棉酚中毒的预防治疗及有效脱毒合理饲喂提供一定的参考。     

Effect of natural free gossypol and gossypol‐acetic acid on growth performance and resistance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of free gossypol from glanded‐cottonseed meal (G‐CSM) (natural free gossypol) or gossypol‐acetic acid on growth performance, body composition, haematology, immune response and resistance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Soya bean meal‐based diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg^?1 free gossypol from G‐CSM or gossypol‐acetic acid were fed to juvenile channel catfish in triplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily for 12 weeks. Neither sources nor levels of dietary gossypol significantly influenced the final weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and survival of channel catfish. Similarly, whole‐body proximate composition, haematological parameters (red blood cell, white blood cell counts, haemoglobin and haematocrit), serum protein concentration, macrophage chemotaxis ratio, phagocytic activity and antibody production against E. ictaluri 21‐day postinfection were not significantly affected at either dietary sources or levels of gossypol. Gossypol concentrations of liver were linearly related to dietary level of gossypol but the retention rate varied dependent on sources of the dietary gossypol. At dietary gossypol levels of 400 or 800 mg kg^?1, total gossypol concentrations in liver of fish fed dietary gossypol from G‐CSM were significantly higher than those of fish fed the corresponding levels of gossypol from gossypol‐acetic acid. The (+)‐isomer of gossypol was predominantly retained in liver regardless of dietary sources of gossypol. The ratio of (+) to (?) gossypol isomers in liver decreased with increasing dietary concentrations of gossypol. Serum lysozyme activity of fish fed dietary gossypol levels of 200 mg kg^?1 or higher, either from G‐CSM or gossypol‐acetic acid, was significantly higher than that of the control. At a level of 800 mg kg^?1 diet, gossypol from G‐CSM stimulated significantly higher lysozyme activity than gossypol from gossypol‐acetic acid. Fish fed diets containing 400 mg kg^?1 gossypol or higher from G‐CSM or 800 mg kg^?1 gossypol from gossypol‐acetic acid had significantly increased superoxide anion (O) production. However, neither the sources nor the levels of dietary free gossypol influenced the resistance of juvenile channel catfish to E. ictaluri challenge.     

Effect of expanded cottonseed meal on laying performance,egg quality,concentrations of free gossypol in tissue,serum and egg of laying hens

Three hundred and sixty Hy‐Line Brown hens, 40 week of age, were allocated to five treatments, each of which included four replicates of 18 hens. After an expanded process of cottonseed meal (CSM), free gossypol content in CSM was decreased from 1.24 to 0.40 g/kg. The dietary treatments were corn‐soybean meal based diets including 6% CSM and 6%, 8% and 10% expanded cottonseed meal (ECSM). Hens fed 8% ECSM had higher (P < 0.05) laying rate and average egg weight than those fed 6% CSM. The albumen height and Haugh unit in the control group, 6% and 8% ECSM groups were superior (P < 0.05) to other treatments. Hens fed 6% CSM resulted in severe (P < 0.05) egg yolk discoloration. Free gossypol (FG) concentrations in yolk and albumen and tissues of the 6% CSM group were greater (P < 0.05) than those in any ECSM treatments. Hens fed 6% CSM and 10% ECSM had the highest (P < 0.05) FG concentrations in the liver compared with those in the kidney and muscle, and higher (P < 0.05) FG residues in yolk than those in albumen. In conclusion, FG in CSM can be reduced by 68% through an expanded process and ECSM can be available in laying hens at up to 10% of the total diet and an appropriate replacement of soybean meal with ECSM may improve performance in laying hens.     

Effects of Cottonseed Cake-based Diets Supplemented with Blood Meal,alone or with lysine,on the Growth of Pigs

An experiment was carried out to establish the effect on the growth of pigs of including blood meal or lysine in diets containing gossypol from cottonseed cake. Forty Landrace x Large White pigs (20 of each sex) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments of 8 pigs each in a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of lysine or two levels of blood meal in the diets plus a control diet. The pigs were fed different diets and slaughtered at 75.0 +/- 2.0 kg live weight for carcase analysis. Supplementing the diets with blood meal resulted in higher live weight gains (p<0.001) and improved feed conversion ratios (p<0.001) than supplementing with lysine. Pigs fed the higher level of cottonseed cake showed a significant (p<0.001) depression in live weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to those fed a low level of the cake. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in intake in the pigs fed diets with cottonseed cake including blood meal or synthetic lysine. The kidney and liver weights of the pigs fed the diets with a higher level of cottonseed cake were significantly greater (p<0.001) than in those fed the lower level, but when the diets containing cottonseed cake were supplemented with blood meal or lysine at the same level there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the weights of these organs. Lysine or other factors derived from blood meal appear to be more efficient than synthetic lysine in reducing the adverse effects of gossypol.     

Gossypol pharmacokinetics in mid-lactation Brown swiss dairy cows

A bolus equivalent to 450 ppm (dosage based on average feed intake for lactating dairy cows of similar mass) of gossypol was administered orally to three Brown Swiss dairy cows in mid lactation daily for a 7-day treatment period. Blood samples were taken daily during a 2-day pretreatment period, the 7-day treatment period and a 6-day recovery period. The serum recovered from the cows was stored at -20°C until analysis for extractable gossypol content. The highest concentration of gossypol (a mean of 0.53 g/ml serum) was attained in all the cows on day 6 of the treatment period, indicating that a steady-state condition had been reached before the end of the treatment period. The gossypol concentrations then gradually declined during the 6-day recovery period but never fell to the zero baseline. The cows exhibited terminal elimination half-lives of 67, 67.5 and 40 h. Gossypol elimination was best described by a bi-exponential decay curve in two cows and a mono-exponential decay curve in the remaining cow.