棉籽粕双螺杆挤压脱毒中几个工艺参数的研究

利用自行开发的双螺杆食品挤压机对棉籽粕进行挤压脱棉酚试验,考察了含水率、螺杆转速和喂料速度等参数对脱毒效果与挤出产量的影响。实验中采用响应表面法进行实验方案设计和数据分析。结果表明：减低含水率、喂料速度,提高螺杆转速可使脱毒效果改善。喂料速度是影响挤出产量的主要因素。喂料速度越大,产量越大,因而实际中脱毒效果与产量间存在如何均衡的问题。文中相应给出了本实验条件下的几个响应模型,用以评价各加工变量的影响。实验结果还表明本研究所用的双螺杆挤压机的结构参数在棉籽粕挤压脱毒方面是卓有成效的。     

陆地棉无色素腺体遗传资源棉子蛋白和棉酚含量研究

对２２０个国内外不同来源的陆地棉无色素腺体品种（系）种子粗蛋白、可溶性蛋白和棉酚含量的研究表明，三个性状的总体平均值分别为４１．４６％、１１．８２％和０．０１７４％。该遗传资源群体具有蛋白质含量较高但变异程度较小、绝大多数品种棉酚含量符合国际卫生标准（＜０．０４％）且变异程度很大的特点，４０％的品种其粗蛋白含量在４２％以上，棉酚含量在０．０４％和０．０２％以下的品种分别占９１．８７％和７５．４５％。国内育成品种的粗蛋白含量显著高于国外引进品种，春播品种显著高于夏播品种；而可溶性蛋白和棉酚含量在这些品种类和相互之间无显著差异。中无１０９８、浙棉９号、冀棉１９号、绵阳４１７６等１６个品种被鉴定筛选为粗蛋白含量较高（＞４５％）的种质材料。     

Effects of replacement of fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on the growth,intestinal microflora,haematological and antioxidant indices of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) (free gossypol < 7.9 mg/kg) in the diets on the growth, intestinal microflora, haematological and antioxidant indices of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Six diets were designed: fishmeal diets (FM) which contained 340 g/kg fishmeal, as well as five CPC diets, each with differing CPC concentrations (120, 240, 360, 480 and 600 g/kg) to replace the fish meal. The weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) showed no significant difference among groups (p > .05) with the dietary CPC level ranged from 0 to 360 g/kg. Serum cholesterol (CHO) of C36 and triglyceride (TG) levels of C36 and C12 were significantly higher than the FM (p < .05). Total protein (TP) levels of C12 were significantly lower than the FM (p < .05). Among the treatments, C36 had higher glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) than FM (p < .05). From the data analysis of 16s sequencing, with increasing CPC concentration, the proportion of harmful microbial taxa (Proteobacteria and Vibrio) increased. The results of this study support that CPC products are acceptable in practical diets for golden pompano. And the optimal dietary CPC replacement of golden pompano was estimated to be 259.3 g/kg.     

Histologic changes in channel catfish,Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque,fed diets containing graded levels of gossypol–acetic acid

A study was performed to evaluate the histologic changes among fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, fed purified diets containing gossypol from gossypol–acetic acid. The catfish were maintained on diets with 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 or 1500 mg gossypol kg^?1 diet for 12 weeks, and histologic samples from the stomach, proximal and distal intestines, pancreas, liver, and spleen were obtained from fish in all groups. Stomach sections exhibited significant gastric gland necrosis in fish fed 600 mg gossypol kg^?1 diet or higher. Non‐existent‐to‐mild enterocyte vacuolization loss, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hyperplastic lamina propria were noted in the intestinal sections from gossypol‐fed fish, but no significant differences in severity scores were noted. The pancreas from fish fed doses of gossypol above 600 mg gossypol kg^?1 diet exhibited significant mild‐to‐severe necrosis, and livers from fish fed 900 and 1500 mg gossypol kg^?1 diet exhibited significantly higher pigment deposition. No other significant histologic differences were observed in the fish fed diets containing gossypol–acetic acid. The data in this study indicates that at least 600–900 mg gossypol kg^?1 purified diet can cause statistically significant histologic changes in fingerling channel catfish, suggesting that gossypol should remain at concentrations below 600 mg gossypol kg^?1 diet.     

一株棉酚降解菌株的筛选鉴定及对棉粕的脱毒效果

【目的】 分离筛选具有降解棉酚能力的菌株,研究其生物学特性及发酵性能及棉粕脱毒效果,为棉粕脱毒生产和应用提供参考数据。【方法】 采用新疆棉籽粕,以棉酚为唯一碳源分离筛选具有高效降解棉酚的菌株,研究其生物学特性,综合形态学和16SrDNA序列测定鉴定试验菌株,应用该菌株发酵棉粕,分析其棉粕脱毒效果。【结果】 菌株JD-1最适温度为37℃、且随着时间的延长,菌株的生长浓度逐渐升高,在22~24 h间趋于平稳。但随时间的延长JD-1菌株的pH逐渐降低,趋于平稳。在24 h内随盐浓度的升高,菌株生长逐渐缓慢到最后趋于平稳,且具有一定的耐盐性。而过酸或过碱都会抑制其生长。在最适条件下,JD-1发酵棉粕降棉棉酚降解率为40%,其在进化关系上与乳酸片球菌属(Pediococcus lactis)同源性高达99%,确定JD-1菌株为乳酸片球菌属。【结论】 本文以棉酚为唯一碳源,报道了一株具有具有较好降解棉酚能力的乳酸片球菌,对棉粕中棉酚的脱毒率达40%。