PRRSV特异性肽对CSF、PRRS免疫猪IFN-Y、IL-10分泌的影晌

应用PRRSV-GP5特异性肽刺激CSF、PRRS免疫猪外周血淋巴细胞,采用EI。IsA方法测定不同时间点淋巴细胞分泌IFN-7及IL-10的水平,分析PRRSv_GP5特异性肽刺激后,淋巴细胞培养上清中细胞因子的变化规律。结果显示,CSFV高抗PRRSV低抗体组于PRRSV免疫14d,肽刺激组中IFN-7水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;其他组均差异不显著（P〉0．05）。PRRSV免疫14d,细胞培养24,72h后加PRRSV—GP5肽刺激,各组中试验组与对照组相比IL-10水平明显降低（P〈0．01）;PRRSV免疫28d,各组中肽刺激组与空白组相比,IL-10水平均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结果表明,PRRSV-GP5肽在PRRSV免疫早期可以促进IFN-7的分泌,并抑制IL-10的产生,但在免疫后期对淋巴细胞分泌的调节作用还需进-步研究。     

High‐level exogenous trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid plays an anti‐lipogenesis role in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were treated by 0, 37.5, 75, 112.5, 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to evaluate the effects of different level trans10, cis12 CLA on lipogenesis in BMEC. Addition of 75–150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA reduced significantly the triacylglycerol (TAG) content (P < 0.05), but did not have inhibiting action on cell proliferation (P > 0.05). Treatment with 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA for 48 h resulted in a 17.1% reduction (P < 0.0001) of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA, C14 < C < C16), a 26.5% reduction (P < 0.0001) of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and a corresponding reduction of the mRNA abundance of acetyl coenzyme A (acetylCoA) carboxylase (ACC) (P = 0.046), fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P = 0.017) and stearoylCoA desaturase1 (SCD1) (P = 0.002). Another finding was that trans10, cis12 CLA elevated expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 (DGAT2) (P = 0.020) and long chain acylCoA synthetases (ACSL) (P = 0.032). In conclusion, higher trans10, cis12 CLA, not low trans10, cis12 CLA, inhibited milk fat synthesis and changed fatty acid composition by regulating the expression of FAS, ACC, SCD1, DGAT2 and ACSL.     

粉垄“4453”增产提质效应及其利民利国发展潜能

袁隆平院士接受媒体记者提出:"粉垄技术可在全国推广"。该文介绍了粉垄重构农田耕作层具"4453"效应,即:"四增"—增加耕层松土量、土壤原生养分利用量,增大"土壤水库"、"土壤氧气库";"四减"—减少水土流失、碳排放量,减低耕层土壤含盐量、重金属含量;"五抗"—增强作物抗干旱、高温、低温、病害、倒伏等能力;"三提高"—促进作物光合效率提高10%以上,产量提高10%~30%以上,品质提高5%以上;人力、畜力、拖拉机耕作依次具增产10%规律,粉垄耕作则还具函拖拉机耕作加上再翻倍深松耕层叠加效应可达20甚至更高增产;指出如全国推广10亿亩,可增贮天然降水400亿立方,盘活土壤原生养分后可减少化肥施用量70多亿千克,新增粮食可多养活3亿多人,产生总体效应还可以助力提升国民身体健康水平和社会稳定、国家安全。     

铅对3种烟草的毒害效应及其临界浓度

通过盆栽试验,研究铅对福建省3个主栽烟草品种（翠碧1号、K326、云烟87）的毒害效应及其临界值。结果表明,在铅毒害时,烟草表现为植株变矮、叶面积减小、根长变短。不同生长时期烟草对铅毒害的敏感性不同,生长中期较敏感。不同部位对铅毒害的敏感性不同,茎比其他部位敏感;下部叶比中上部叶敏感。翠碧1号、K326、云烟87不同部位的 EC10值（生物量降低10％时土壤中有效铅的浓度）依次为：下部叶＜根部＜茎＜中部叶＜上部叶;根部＜上部叶＜茎＜下部叶＜中部叶;上部叶＜下部叶＜茎＜根＜中部叶。3种烟草品种中翠碧1号对铅毒害最敏感,且中部叶为烟草食用的重要部位。因此,采用翠碧1号中部叶的 EC10值代表土壤铅对3种烟草毒害临界值,为66．88mg·kg－1,此值可以作为福建省植烟土壤铅的毒害临界值制定的依据。     

西藏墨竹工卡积雪时空分布特征分析

利用MODIS10A2积雪产品数据（2001～2013年）对西藏墨竹工卡县积雪的时间变化及其空间分布特征进行分析,结果表明,西藏墨竹工卡地区墨竹工卡98.62％的区域积雪持续日数是不超过180d;积雪随着海拔升高,持续天数也在增加;积雪覆盖率年际变化趋势不明显,但季节性差异大.     

种植密度对克单10号产量和生理指标的影响

为了进一步提高玉米产量,以克单10号为试材,在3种植密度下,研究了种植密度对克单10号的产量和生理指标的影响。结果表明:随着种植密度增加,玉米个体产量、主要产量相关性状、单株叶面积及单株地上部干物质积累量均呈现降低的趋势,群体地上部干物质积累量和群体叶面积指数则呈现升高趋势。其中种植密度为4.5万~6.0万株·hm-2时,产量最高。     

苦参注射液治疗乙型肝炎性肝硬化疗效及其作用机制研究

目的：观察苦参注射液对慢性乙型肝炎性肝硬化的临床效果及其作用机制.方法将58例慢性乙型肝炎性肝硬化患者随机分为观察组和对照组,在一般支持治疗的基础上,观察组加用苦参注射液,治疗8周后,比较两组肝功能、肝纤维化指标.结果观察组肝功能改善显著,肝纤维化减轻,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论在正常治疗基础上加用苦参注射液,有助于肝炎性肝硬化患者的肝功能恢复,有较好的临床效果.其作用机制可能是通过影响外周单核细胞IL-10表达、调节机体促炎抗炎平衡而实现的.     

Fungal growth on a common wood substrate across a tropical elevation gradient: Temperature sensitivity, community composition, and potential for above-ground decomposition

Fungal breakdown of plant material rich in lignin and cellulose (i.e. lignocellulose) is of central importance to terrestrial carbon (C) cycling due to the abundance of lignocellulose above and below-ground. Fungal growth on lignocellulose is particularly influential in tropical forests, as woody debris and plant litter contain between 50% and 75% lignocellulose by weight, and can account for 20% of the C stored in these ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated factors affecting fungal growth on a common wood substrate along a wet tropical elevation gradient in the Peruvian Andes. We had three objectives: 1) to determine the temperature sensitivity of fungal growth - i.e. Q₁₀, the factor by which fungal biomass increases given a 10 °C temperature increase; 2) to assess the potential for above-ground fungal colonization and growth on lignocellulose in a wet tropical forest; and 3) to characterize the community composition of fungal wood decomposers across the elevation gradient. We found that fungal growth had a Q₁₀ of 3.93 (95% CI of 2.76-5.61), indicating that fungal biomass accumulation on the wood substrate nearly quadrupled with a 10 °C increase in temperature. The Q₁₀ for fungal growth on wood at our site is higher than Q₁₀ values reported for litter decomposition in other tropical forests. Moreover, we found that above-ground fungal growth on the wood substrate ranged between 37% and 50% of that measured in the soil, suggesting above-ground breakdown of lignocellulose represents an unexplored component of the C cycle in wet tropical forests. Fungal community composition also changed significantly along the elevation gradient, and Ascomycota were the dominant wood decomposers at all elevations. Fungal richness did not change significantly with elevation, directly contrasting with diversity patterns observed for plant and animal taxa across this gradient. Significant variation in fungal community composition across the gradient suggests that the characteristics of fungal decomposer communities are, directly or indirectly, influenced by temperature.     

Unfrozen water content moderates temperature dependence of sub-zero microbial respiration

Abrupt increases in the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration below 0 °C have been interpreted as a change in the dominance of other co-dependent environmental controls, such as the availability of liquid-state water. Yet the relationship between unfrozen water content and soil respiration at sub-zero temperatures has received little attention because of difficulties in measuring unfrozen water contents. Using a recently-developed semi-solid ²H NMR technique the unfrozen water content present in seasonally frozen boreal forest soils was quantified and related to biotic CO₂ efflux in laboratory microcosms maintained at temperatures between −0.5 and −8 °C. In both soils the unfrozen water content had an exponential relationship with temperature and was increased by addition of KCl solutions of defined osmotic potential. Approximately 13% unfrozen water was required to release the dependence of soil respiration on unfrozen water content. Depending on the osmotic potential of soil solution, this threshold unfrozen water content was associated with temperatures down to −6 °C; yet if temperature were the predictor of CO₂ efflux, then the abrupt increase in the temperature sensitivity of CO₂ efflux was associated with −2 °C, except in soils amended with −1500 kPa KCl which did not show any abrupt changes in temperature sensitivity. The KCl-amendments also had the effect of decreasing Q₁₀ values and activation energies (Ea) by factors of 100 and three, respectively, to values comparable with those for soil respiration in unfrozen soil. The disparity between the threshold temperatures and the reductions in Q₁₀ values and activation energies after KCl amendment indicates the significance of unfrozen water availability as an environmental control of equal importance to temperature acting on sub-zero soil respiration. However, this significance was diminished when soils were supplied with abundant labile C (sucrose) and the influences of other environmental controls, allied to the solubility and diffusion of respiratory substrates and gases, are considered to increase.