淡水浮游硅藻对氮磷的最适需求量

报道了淡水浮游硅藻所需的最适氮磷值 ,试验分 2个阶段。第 1阶段将氮定为 0 .5 0 μg/ g,把氮磷比设为 6 / 1,7/ 1和 8/ 1,溶于自来水进行 5 d培养后用碘液固定 ,然后稀释 10倍用浮游植物计数框记数 5 0个视野 ,根据结果进一步试验得出最适的氮磷比为 7.3/ 1。第 2阶段在第 1阶段的基础上 ,首先将氮的浓度设为 0 .34 ,1.17及 2 .0 0 μg/ g,培养后固定、稀释、计数 ,根据结果进一步预试验得出氮的最适需求量在 1.5 9～ 1.80 μg/ g;氮为 1.5 9,1. 70及 1.80 μg/ g时 ,淡水浮游硅藻的数量分别为 (2 80± 9.3) ,(30 4.7± 4.8)及 (2 90 .0± 5 .6 )个 ,对照组为(188.5± 9.5 )个。结果表明 :氮为 1.70 μg/ g,磷为 0 .2 33μg/ g是淡水浮游硅藻的最适需求量。     

条斑紫菜硅藻附着症防治研究

经调查，在江苏省连云港、浙江省象山港的中、后期条斑紫菜患有硅藻附着症。硅藻的种类以短纹楔形藻Ｌｉｃｍｏｐｈｏｒａ ａｂｂｒｅｖｉｔａ为绝对优势种。由于硅藻的附生会随着时间的推移越来越严重地影响紫菜的生长和加工的质量，因而作为硅藻附着症的防治应注意在早期抓紧加以处理。用ＰＨ为２．００－２．５０的酸类，处理１０－１５分钟，或者ＰＨ为１０．００－１０．４０的碳酸钠，处理１０－１５分钟，以及连线天干燥４小     

不同单胞藻饵料培养九孔鲍早期稚贝的研究

以单种培养的6种底栖硅藻和具有底栖习性的亚心形扁藻(Platymoras sp.)为饵料,培养九孔鲍(Haliotis diversi-color supertexta)受精后12 d的早期稚贝并观察其生长和存活,培养期为28 d,目的是筛选能维持早期稚贝高存活率和生长率的藻种。实验结果表明,培养稚贝成活率最高的3个藻种由大到小依次是爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种(Achnanthes javanica var.)、流水双眉藻(Amphora fluninensis)和亚历山大菱形藻(Nitzschia alexandrina),使稚贝生长最快的3个藻种由大到小依次是流水双眉藻、爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种和亚历山大菱形藻。研究结果揭示了适宜的底栖硅藻种类对鲍早期稚贝阶段生长和存活的重要性。个体小或者胞外产物量大的藻类很可能对九孔鲍早期稚贝的培养是有利的。     

诱导皱纹盘鲍浮游幼虫附着和变态的物质

根据鲍育苗中常用的6种底栖硅藻氨基酸的组成分析结果,选择15种人工合成氨基酸作为诱导物质,进行鲍浮游幼虫附着、变态的影响实验,发现天冬氨酸组附着率最高,谷氨酸组次之,但均略低于底栖硅藻组,明显高于对照组。变态率实验,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸组结果基本一致,均略高于底栖硅藻组,明显高于对照组。不同氨基酸浓度对附着、变态的影响实验结果表明:无论是天冬氨酸还是谷氨酸,实验浓度为10-5mol·L-1组的附着率和变态率最高。     

Oxygen consumption and ingestion rate of Penaeus setiferus larvae fed Chaetoceros ceratosporum, Tetraselmis chuii and Artemia nauplii

The effects of the density and type of food on oxygen consumption and ingestion rate of larvae of the white shrimp Penaeus setiferus fed diatoms Chaetoceros ceratosporum, flagellates Tetraselmis chuii and Artemia franciscana nauplii were analysed. Diatoms, flagellates and Artemia nauplii were fed at five densities from 10 to 5 × 10³ cells mL^?1, 0 to 4 × 10³ cells mL^?1, and 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 nauplii mL^?1, respectively. In three experiments, two of three types of food were maintained constant at concentrations of 30-40 × 10³ cells mL^?1 (diatoms), 2 × 10³ cells mL^?1 (flagellates) and 1 Artemia nauplii mL^?1. The oxygen consumption in three experiments increased with larval stage, reaching maximum values in Mill except at lower feed concentrations. A maximum ingestion peak in MI was recorded in larvae fed diatoms, whereas that peak was observed in Mil in larvae fed flagellates. The maximum ingestion rate of Artemia nauplii was observed in Mill. Feed concentrations that produced an optimum metabolic rate as a consequence of equilibrium between ingested food and larval stages were obtained with 20 and 30 × 10³ cells mL^?1 of C. ceratosporum, 2 and 3 × 10³ cells mL^?1 of T. chuii, and 1.0 Artemia nauplii mL^?1. These concentrations would be the most suitable for producing P. setiferus postlarvae.     

硅藻应急检测方法的研究

指出了预防硅藻水华是确保河流型集中式饮用水源安全的重要工作。通过对河流中硅藻样品的采集和保存,分析了3种硅藻检测方法的可比性,为河流硅藻水华应急检测提供了可行的方法,以提高环境监测时效。     

Electrochromic Properties and Electrochemical Behavior of Marennine,a Bioactive Blue-Green Pigment Produced by the Marine Diatom Haslea ostrearia

Marennine has long been known as the unique peculiar pigment responsible for the natural greening of oysters. It is specifically produced by the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia and it is a natural blue molecule indeed promising for food industry because of the rarity of such non-toxic, blue-colored pigments. In the search for its still not defined molecular structure, investigation of the color changes with the redox state has been carried out combining different approaches. Reducing and oxidizing chemicals have been added to purified marennine solutions and a stable blue-green color has been confirmed for the oxidized state, while a yellow color corresponded to the reduced unstable state. Raman spectroscopy has been used to monitor changes in the Raman spectra corresponding to the different colored states, and cyclic voltammetry has allowed the detection of a redox system in which protons and electrons are exchanged. These findings show that marennine is a suitable stable blue pigment for use in food applications and help in the elucidation of the chromophore structure.     

河流硅藻指数在太子河水生态健康评价中的应用研究

为了用硅藻指数评价太子河的水生态健康状况,于2012年5月对太子河河岸不同土地利用方式(森林用地、森林耕作用地、耕地和城镇建设用地)下的38个采样点位进行了调查研究,并应用6项硅藻指数(硅藻生物指数IBD、硅藻属指数IDG、特定污染敏感指数IPS、欧盟硅藻指数CEE、硅藻营养化指数TDI和戴斯指数DESCY)对太子河的水生态环境进行健康评估。结果表明:MRPP结果显示,太子河流域4种土地利用类型具有显著的空间异质性(P0.05);太子河流域香农多样性指数、均匀度指数和物种丰富度的平均值分别为2.96、0.72和18,物种密度为7.83×106cells/cm2;根据相关分析显示,硅藻指数之间、硅藻指数与水环境因子之间具有显著的相关性(P0.05);根据K-S检验,6项硅藻指数均符合正态分布;根据线性回归方程分析,D-IBI与IBD、IPS、IDG、CEE、TDI、DESCY均呈显著的线性回归关系(P0.05),表明6项硅藻指数在太子河流域具有较好的适用性;用硅藻指数评价太子河流域的结果显示,太子河上游地区水生态健康状况较好,中游地区水生态健康状况一般,下游地区水生态健康状况较差。     

象山港底栖硅藻群落结构特征

于2005年5月(春季)和11月(秋季)对浙江省象山港海域底栖硅藻进行采样调查,分析底栖硅藻的种类组成、丰度、优势种、多样性及群落结构的季节变化和平面分布特征,并讨论底栖硅藻与水温、盐度等环境因子之间的关系。共鉴定硅藻46属179种,硅藻种类数在春季共有46属164种,秋季减少到22属52种。种类组成以广温种为主,其次是暖水种和温水种。主要优势种有柱状小环藻(Cyclotella stylorum)、琼氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus jonesianus)等。细胞丰度范围在(0.007~6.851)×103个/g之间,平均值为1.522×103个/g。春季硅藻丰度较高,平均值为2.974×103个/g,秋季为0.071×103个/g。不同站位间硅藻的分布也表现出显著的差异,硅藻细胞丰度最高值位于港顶部鱼排密集区9号站位,春季细胞丰度值为6.851×103个/g,秋季细胞丰度值为0.143×103个/g。硅藻丰度较高的有位于鱼排区的3号、4号、5号、7号站位,其余较低。硅藻群落多样性指数和均匀度春季较高,秋季降低。底栖硅藻数量分布随季节变化明显,与盐度关系不大。