SPE-GC-μECD测定蔬菜中6种三唑类农药的残留量

[目的]建立一种蔬菜中6种三唑类农药残留的气相色谱检测方法。[方法]蔬菜样品用乙腈提取,盐析分层后上清液经固相萃取柱净化,用丙酮＋正己烷（20＋80）洗脱,采用带微电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪测定其中腈菌唑、戊菌唑、三唑酮、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、三唑醇6种三唑类农药的残留量。[结果]方法的平均加标回收率范围为72．90％-98．80％,相对标准偏差范围为1．18％～9．88％。6种三唑类农药检测限范围为0．010-0．210mg／kg。[结论]该方法的建立为蔬菜中腈菌唑、戊菌唑、三唑酮、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、三唑醇6种三唑类农药残留的检测提供了参考。     

船舶柴油机尾气中 PM 颗粒的控制技术研究

根据研究前期内容系统介绍了减少柴油机颗粒物（PM ,particulate matter）排放的后处理技术,从实船应用等方面分析了各处理技术的优缺点,结合研究内容对PM 及其他有害物质的综合处理技术进行了探讨。     

A 15N-Labeling Study of the Capture of Deep Soil Nitrate from Different Plant Systems

The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of different plant systems in capturing deep soil nitrate （NO3-） to reduce NO3- leaching in a field plot experiment using 15N labelling. The study was conducted on a calcareous alluvial soil on the North China Plains and the plant systems evaluated included alfalfa （Medicago sativa）, American black poplar （Populus nigra） and cocksfoot （Dactylis）. ^15N-labelled N fertilizer was injected to 90 cm depth to determine the recovery of ^15N by the plants. With conventional water and nutrient management, the total recovery of ^15N-labeled NO3--N was 23.4% by alfalfa after two consecutive growth years. The recovery was significantly higher than those by American black poplar （12.3%） and cocksfoot （11.4%）. The highest proportion of soil residual ~SN from the labeled fertilizer N （%Ndff） was detected around 90 cm soil depth at the time of the 1st year harvest and at 110-130 cm soil depth at time of the 2nd year harvest. Soil %Ndff in 0-80 cm depth was significantly higher in the alfalfa treatment than those in all the other treatments. The soil %Ndff below 100 cm depth was much lower in the alfalfa than those in all the other treatments. These results indicated that ^15N leaching losses in the alfalfa treatment were significantly lower than by those in the black poplar and cocksfoot treatments, due to the higher root density located in nitrate labeling zone of soil profile. In conclusion, alfalfa may be used as a plant to capture deep soil NO3- left from previous crops to reduce NO3- leaching in high intensity crop cultivation systems of North China Plain.     

振荡浮子式波浪能转换装置研究

在Froude数相同的情况下，取相似因子为10，对振荡浮子式波浪能转换装置进行了模型设计，并在中国科学院广州能源研究所的造波水槽中对装置做了模型试验，试验在规则正弦波浪作用下进行，实验数据由计算机采集。实验结果显示，振荡浮子式波浪能转换装置具有与常规的振荡水柱式波浪能转换装置相当的俘获宽度比，但其总转换效率较后者高很多，建造成本较低，是一种很有发展前途的波能装置。尽管装置的可靠性有所降低，但在波能密度比较低的区域，如中国，在采取有效保护措施的条件下，装置的性能不受影响。     

长春地区池塘养殖扣蟹的试验研究

１９９４年夏季，作者在长春首次进行扣蟹养殖试验。共投放三期蟹苗２．５ｋｇ，约６０００只。出池时，回捕扣蟹６．４ｋｇ，回捕率为６．１％，扣蟹平均体重为１８．５ｇ／只。文中对养殖扣蟹的投饲，清塘，蟹池建设等问题进行了探讨。     

Foraging pits of the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) as small-scale patches in a semi-arid Australian box woodland

Many animals create disturbances on the soil surface while constructing habitat and resting sites, or foraging for food. This soil disturbance, which is sometimes known as biopedturbation, is a major contributor to landscape patchiness in arid and semi-arid environments. In the semi-arid woodlands of eastern Australia, the Short-Beaked Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) creates a mosaic of foraging pits close to the canopies of large trees. The effects of pits on physical, chemical and biological properties of soils were compared at seven sites, each with two levels of disturbance (foraging pit vs. surface) and two canopy locations (under the canopy, in the open) associated with two tree species (Eucalyptus intertexta, Alectryon oleifolius). Foraging pits trapped twice the mass of litter compared with adjacent non-pit surfaces, and there was more litter under the tree canopies than in the open. Pits contained more bark and leaf material, and larger pits tended to trap more litter. Soil electrical conductivity levels were lower in the pits, and although there were greater concentrations of soil nutrients under the canopy, the concentrations of total carbon, nitrogen and sulphur were lower in the pits compared with the surface. Changes in litter mass did not explain differences in soil carbon, nitrogen or phosphorus. Soil in the pit was moister and more porous, and surface temperatures below the litter in the pits about 2 °C lower than at the surface. Respiration was about 30% greater in the pits, and both the early (sorptivity) and late (steady-state infiltration) stages of infiltration were significantly greater in the pits. Soil micro-arthropods were more abundant in the pits, which supported a different complement of taxa, but a similar diversity, to non-pit surfaces. Our results indicate that echidna foraging pits act as substantial resource traps. Given their extensive distribution in semi-arid woodlands, and their marked influence on soil biogeochemistry, echidnas should be seen as important ecosystem engineers in woodland critical for the maintenance of small-scale patchiness and, therefore, the efficient functioning of arid and semi-arid ecosystems.     

振荡浮子式波浪能转换装置的优化计算

对振荡浮子式波浪能转换装置进行初步设计，并通过数值计算对装置结构进行优化，找出影响装置性能的主要因素，确定出在中国南海工况下装置性能最优的参数。结果显示，在中国南海常波周期5—6S附近，前港长Lfp和浮子长Lb对装置性能影响最大，是决定装置性能的主要因素；浮子吃水深度D和港内水深Dp是影响装置性能的次要因素，通过调整这两个参数，可在局部范围内改善装置性能；等深域水深H对装置性能几乎没有影响，建造装置选址时可不考虑这方面的因素。使装置性能最优的参数取值依次为：Lfp=4m，Lb=3m，D=2．5m，Dp=4．3m。     

南海北部主要捕捞种类最适开捕规格研究

根据南海水产研究所使用elefan技术基于体长数据求得的南海北部50种主要捕捞种类的von Bertalanffy生长参数，以Beverton-Holt模型计算最适开捕年龄后用von Bertalanffy生长方程计算其相应开捕体长，再参考实际调查最小性成熟体长、临界体长、拐点体长和Froese-Binohlan经验公式计算的初次性成熟体长范围等数据确定最适开捕规格；部份分海区研究的种类先确定同一种类于各海区的最适开捕规格，再考虑不同海区的适用性确定其在南海北部的最适开捕规格。本文研究了南海北部50种主要捕捞种类的最适开捕规格，结果表明，所求得的最适开捕规格比原广东、广西、福建“水产资源繁殖保护实施细则暂行规定”的开捕规格都大；建议选择19种在以往的生产中和历次调查研究中出现频率较高、产量较高的主要捕捞种类作为南海北部实行开捕规格保护幼鱼幼虾措施的指标种，并提出开捕规格的随机抽样检查方法。     

中国海洋捕捞学科发展的研究

21世纪是海洋的世纪。然而，由于资源的过度利用、环境污染和全球气候变化，海洋渔业资源不断衰退，海洋捕捞业的发展遇到了困境。传统上海洋渔业主要研究学科之一的海洋捕捞学科，如何适应形势的发展，拓展研究领域，开创海洋捕捞学科研究的新局面，这是海洋捕捞学科面临的一个问题。本文从海洋捕捞学科的发展现状，海洋捕捞学科研究涉及的领域，海洋捕捞学科研究的发展方向，更新充实知识等方面进行探讨，提出关于海洋捕捞学科发展的一些有建设性的看法。     

黑龙江中游抚远江段鲢鱼渔业生物学研究

本报道了黑龙江中游抚远江段鲢鱼渔业生物学状况。鲢鱼捕捞群体的体长与体重的关系为W＝0.1952L^2.4050；年龄结构以5龄为主；绝对生殖力为66420－169830粒，平均为101320粒；相对生殖力为718－1525粒，平均为1175粒；成熟系数♀群为1．23－1．60％，平均为1．38％，♂群为1．26－1．56％，平均为1．27％；肥满度系数♀群为8．45－20．00％，平均为13．94％，♂群为0．64－3．06％，平均为1．58％。该江段鲢鱼种群优势明显，但产量已明显呈下降趋势，应采取积极的保护措施。