新形势下的动物医学人才培养

动物医学专业一直是农业院校的基础专业,主要培养医治畜禽和伴侣动物疾病的人才,随着社会的发展和就业领域的拓宽等新形势,对动物医学人才的培养提出了新的要求。本文主要从人才培养模式、课程设置和模块化培养等方面进行相关阐述。     

对畜牧业旅游功能开发的思考——以西安秦岭野生动物园为例

发达的畜牧业是现代农业的重要标志,也是推进社会主义新农村建设的重要内容。如何发挥畜牧业的新功能,实现畜牧业的持续健康发展是当代农业的一个发展方向。文章从畜牧业的功能入手,分析了人们对畜牧业旅游功能认识的瓶颈,并以西安秦岭野生动物园为例,对西安畜牧业旅游功能的开发进行探讨。     

应用多性状动物模型及DFREML法对罗曼褐壳蛋鸡纯系的遗传分析

采用多性状动物模型BLUP和非求导约束最大似然法（MTDFREML）估计了引进罗曼蛋鸡纯系配套组合中4个品系9个性状的方差组分和遗传参数,并估计了固定效应的BLUE值和动物个体的加性遗传效应值（育种值）,分析了测定性状的世代间遗传趋势和表型趋势。结果表明,4个系各性状的遗传力基本一致,体重、蛋重以及不同周期的产蛋量之间存在显著的正相关。蛋重与产蛋量存在较强的遗传负相关。六个世代选育后,各品系蛋重、产蛋量的平均育种值均有提高,表明对产蛋量和蛋重的选择是有效的。     

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Chitooligosaccharides in Vivo

All the reports to date on the anti-inflammatory activity of chitooligosaccharides (COS) are mostly based on in vitro methods. In this work, the anti-inflammatory activity of two COS mixtures is characterized in vivo (using balb/c mice), following the carrageenan-induced paw edema method. This is a widely accepted animal model of acute inflammation to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of drugs. Our data suggest that COS possess anti-inflammatory activity, which is dependent on dose and, at higher doses, also on the molecular weight. A single dose of 500 mg/kg b.w. weight may be suitable to treat acute inflammation cases; however, further studies are needed to ascertain the effect upon longer inflammation periods as well as studies upon the bioavailability of these compounds.     

Specific detection of Phytophthora cactorum in diseased strawberry plants using nested polymerase chain reaction

Validated protocols for DNA purification and PCR amplification are reported for detection of Phytophthora cactorum in diseased strawberry plants. To remove PCR inhibitors, necrotic strawberry tissues were soaked in 5% alconox solution for >12 h before DNA extraction, and the extracted genomic DNA was embedded in an agarose gel chamber and subjected to electrophoresis. The purified DNA was amplified reliably by PCR. Nested PCR was used to detect a portion of the rRNA gene of P. cactorum in samples. In the first round of PCR, primers ITS1 and ITS4 amplified fragments of varying sizes from total genomic DNA from diseased strawberry plants. In the second round of PCR, a 1:25 dilution of the first-round PCR products was used as template with two P. cactorum- specific primer pairs (BPhycacL87FRG and BPhycacR87RRG, which amplified a 340-bp fragment and a 480-bp fragment from the rRNA gene; and BPhycacL89FRG and BPhycacR176RRG, which amplified a 431-bp fragment). Validation tests using culture-based isolations as a standard for comparison indicated that the DNA purification and PCR primers and amplification protocols were reliable and specifically amplified a portion of the rRNA gene of P. cactorum from necrotic root, crown and petiole tissues of strawberry naturally infected by the pathogen.     

虚拟实验在水产动物生理学中的应用

水产动物生理学虚拟实验采取人机交互方式实施实验,已用于课堂实验教学,在提高动物生理学实验教学效果、增强学生学习兴趣、培养学生理论联系实际的能力等方面取得了显著效果。     

Multigene phylogeny and mating tests reveal three cryptic species related to Calonectria pauciramosa

Calonectria pauciramosa is a pathogen of numerous plant hosts worldwide. Recent studies have indicated that it included cryptic species, some of which are identified in this study. Isolates from various geographical origins were collected and compared based on morphology, DNA sequence data of the β-tubulin, histone H3 and translation elongation factor-1α regions and mating compatibility. Comparisons of the DNA sequence data and mating compatibility revealed three new species. These included Ca. colombiana sp. nov. from Colombia, Ca. polizzii sp. nov. from Italy and Ca. zuluensis sp. nov. from South Africa, all of which had distinguishing morphological features. Based on DNA sequence data, Ca. brasiliensis is also elevated to species level.Taxonomic novelties: Calonectria brasiliensis (Bat. & Cif.) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, comb. nov., Calonectria colombiana L. Lombard, Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov., Calonectria polizzii L. Lombard, Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov., Calonectria zuluensis L. Lombard, Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.     

What can pest management learn from laboratory animal ethics?

There remains a lack of a clear overarching policy framework for decision‐making in pest control programmes. In comparison, ethical principles have been extensively developed for scientific procedures, such as those underlying the UK's Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. This paper assesses the extent to which the principles and methodology underlying the act and secondary guidance could be used to provide principles of rodent management. Useful principles include that any programme has a legitimate purpose; that methods are used only if the harms are outweighed by the benefits; that harms are minimised by refinement, replacement and reduction and that there is personal responsibility. The usefulness and implications for pest control of each principle and the overall approach are discussed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

动物转基因研究进展

动物转基因技术是一项新的生物学技术,可应用于畜牧业及生物医学等领域。对转基因动物的制作方法及应用进行了综述,对其发展趋势进行展望,以促进动物转基因研究的开展。