江西吉安县松树针叶资源的开发利用前景

吉安县是江西省马尾松、湿地松的主要产区之一。大量松树针叶没有得到合理利用，本文叙述了松树针叶的综合利用方法及其在各方面的经济价值，对开发利用吉安县的松树针叶资源提出了几点的看法。     

添食色素对家蚕茧质影响的研究

家蚕是一种产业化生产的经济昆虫 ,家蚕彩色茧的开发与产业化利用 ,有望为丝绸业带来新的绿色活力.本实验采用色素添食法生产彩色茧 ,研究了添食色素对结茧率和全茧量、茧层量、茧层率的影响.结果发现 :添食红色素对结茧率和茧质无显著影响 ,添食橙色2号色素其茧质成绩有所提高.     

液液萃取-QuEChERS净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料添加剂可溶性粉中五氯酚酸钠含量

建立液液萃取-QuEChERS净化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定可溶性粉中五氯酚酸钠含量的新方法。 可溶性粉先用水溶解后加入1moL/L 盐酸1mL调pH至4左右,加入乙醚液液萃取到乙醚层,蒸干乙醚,乙腈复溶,QuEChERS净化管净化后高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定,标准曲线外标法定量。 五氯酚酸钠在0.50~100μg/L质量范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9994,检出限0.5μg/kg,定量限1.0μg/kg,可溶性粉剂中五氯酚酸钠添加量为1.0、5.0、10.0μg/kg时,五氯酚酸钠的平均回收率为80.2%~94.0%,相对标准偏差小于7%。 该方法快速、高效且价格低廉,适用于饲料添加剂可溶性粉中五氯酚酸钠的快速筛查分析测定。     

Predicting summer fin whale distribution in the Pelagos Sanctuary (north-western Mediterranean Sea) to identify dynamic whale–vessel collision risk areas

1. Mediterranean fin whales aggregating in the Pelagos Sanctuary in summer to feed are exposed to vessel collision risk, particularly from high-speed ferries.
2. This study developed models to predict summer fin whale distribution using a generalized additive model (GAM) and MaxEnt, with the aim of providing a tool to identify potential high whale–ferry collision risk areas along ferry routes within the Pelagos Sanctuary during summertime.
3. Models were trained using sightings data collected in the summer months of 2009–2018 on board ferries crossing the central area of the Pelagos Sanctuary. Environmental predictors were bathymetry and mean sea surface chlorophyll concentration of the annual spring bloom period.
4. The predictive ability of GAM and MaxEnt was assessed using existing knowledge of summer fin whale distribution in the region. GAM (deviance explained = 20.2%) predictions matched documented distributions more closely than that of MaxEnt, with highest predicted fin whale occurrence in deep offshore waters (>2000 m) encompassing the central north-western and western regions, and in the south-eastern region, consistent with known fin whale habitats within the Pelagos Sanctuary. Inter-annual variability was evident, influencing collision risk areas.
5. Collision risk was estimated as a function of the overlap between the predicted probability of fin whale occurrence and ferry density estimated from Automated Identification System data. Ferry routes that cross the northern and eastern regions of the Pelagos Sanctuary presented relatively higher collision risk.
6. Areas with changes in risk intensity between the years were temporally and spatially dynamic: some appeared intermittently throughout the study period while others persisted over consecutive years or recurred in different years.
7. Due to the vastness of the Pelagos Sanctuary, vessel speed reduction maybe a more practical measure to manage collision risk than re-routing shipping lanes. A combination of Seasonal Management Areas and Dynamic Management Areas approaches could be adopted for high-risk areas.

     

Effect of dietary supplementation with an ethanolic extract of propolis on broiler intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of an ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, weight of gastrointestinal organs, intestinal morphometry and digestive enzyme activity. 1020 male broiler chicks were assigned in a completely randomised experimental design to six treatments (EEP supplement levels of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm) and five replications, and 34 birds per experimental unit. The experimental diets were administered from 1 to 21 days of age, and the birds were subsequently provided a ration based on corn and soybean meal. EEP supplementation from 1 to 7 days negatively affected (p < 0.05) the weight gain and feed intake. The proventriculus weight at 7 days exhibited a quadratic response (p < 0.05), which predicted a lower weight at a dose of 2865 ppm of the EEP. For the duodenum at 21 days of age, the response pattern (p < 0.05) predicted that birds that were fed 2943 and 3047 ppm of the EEP would exhibit an improved crypt depth and villus‐to‐crypt ratio respectively. The villus height, crypt depth and villus‐to‐crypt ratio in the jejunum and the ileum were not affected (p > 0.05). With increased EEP doses, the duodenal sucrase activity linearly decreased at 7 days of age and linearly increased in the jejunum at 21 days of age (p < 0.05), while pancreatic enzyme activity was unaffected (p > 0.05). Although the carcass and cut yields did not improve, the percentage of abdominal fat decreased (p < 0.05). The supplementation of the broiler pre‐starter diet with 1000–5000 ppm of the EEP impaired performance at this stage, most likely due to the decreased sucrase activity. However, the EEP supplementation from 3000 ppm improved intestinal morphophysiology at 21 days of age and did not affect the performance or carcass yield at 42 days of age.     

绵羊冷冻精液研究进展

随着肉羊产业化、工厂化的发展,冷冻精液人工授精技术亟待应用于生产中.绵羊精液冷冻保存技术虽然得到了快速发展,但目前仍处在试验研究或小范围的应用阶段.因此,绵羊精液冷冻技术还需要深入、系统的研究.文章从绵羊精液冷冻保存稀释液中的添加剂、冷冻速率、冷冻-解冻对绵羊冷冻精液品质的影响,精液输精对受胎率的影响等方面进行了综述,为精液冷冻保存研究提供一定参考.     

水分和添加剂对苜蓿青贮效果的影响

为研究苜蓿的水分、添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质的影响,通过对头茬苜蓿设置3个水分梯度,并添加4个水平的甲酸、丙酸、双乙酸钠,装入聚乙烯袋抽真空,发酵45 d 后进行营养分析和品质鉴定。结果表明：适宜苜蓿青贮的水分条件为55%,这一水分条件下苜蓿青贮料的 pH、氨态氮、粗纤维最低,可溶性糖、乳酸最高;而3种添加剂对青贮料的影响具体表现为：与对照组相比,能够显著降低苜蓿青贮料的 pH 和氨态氮含量（P 〈0.05）,并且能够很好地保存青贮料中的可溶性糖,通过对灰色关联度分析,甲酸对苜蓿青贮的影响效果最佳,丙酸次之;且55%的水分条件下添加15 mL/kg 的甲酸,青贮效果为最好。     

Distribution and richness of diadromous fish assemblages in Western Europe: large-scale explanatory factors

Abstract –  The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution of 14 diadromous fish at the beginning of the 20th century in western Europe. This study was conducted on a set of 41 water basins. Five environmental variables were selected and we used generalised additive models for explaining the presence–absence of species. The richest basins were located in the centre of the study area. Six main assemblage types were identified along a latitudinal gradient; they were constituted of a common species basis but differed by the absence or presence of other species. The 10 single species models produced have moderate to very good discrimination level and they can correctly predict both absence and presence. Temperature is included in all but one model, response curves vary according to the species; surface area is included in six models.     

秸秆腐熟剂对水稻秸秆还田应用效果的影响研究

秸秆腐熟剂对水稻秸秆还田应用效果试验结果表明,水稻秸秆还田施用秸秆腐熟剂能提高水稻产量,最高增产850.5 kg/hm2,增产率8.4%。同时有效促进了水稻秸秆快速腐解,土壤容重略有下降、CEC值有所增加,对提高土壤保水保肥能力、培肥地力有一定的效果。     

中草药饲料添加剂在鸡养殖中的应用

随着人们生活水平的提高,消费者对肉和蛋等禽类食品质量的要求越来越高,中草药添加剂因天然、安全和无抗药性等特性成为家禽养殖业的焦点。为了对中草药饲料添加剂有个全面、深入的了解,通过查阅大量文献,对中草药饲料添加剂的特性、作用机理及其在鸡养殖中的应用状况进行研究,并分析了家禽养殖业中中草药饲料添加剂所具有的广阔应用前景。