异位酸饲料添加剂对奶牛产奶的作用

50头经产的黑白花奶牛200天的试验表明,在基础日粮中添加异位酸的试验牛,平均每头每日产奶量比喂基础日粮的对照牛多1.01公斤,增加5.14%(P<0.01);折算成标准奶,每头每日比对照牛多产1.41公斤,增加7.84%(P<0.01)。乳脂、乳蛋白和乳中干物质的含量分别提高4.43%,1.31%和2.68%。试验牛产1公斤标准奶所需要的奶牛能量单位和粗蛋白质比对照牛低。两组牛的健康状况和繁殖性能相似。     

Multi-scale effect of landscape processes and habitat quality on newt abundance: Implications for conservation

Recent studies in population dynamics suggest that landscape processes and habitat quality act at different scales on population abundances, but very few have modelled their simultaneous effects. However, at a time of large declines in natural populations, it is essential to understand such multivariate components. We tested the hypothesis that natural populations of palmate newts (Triturus helveticus) are affected on three scales: breeding patch (pond), habitat complementation (terrestrial cover), and metapopulation structure (density of ponds, surrounding populations). We conducted our survey in 130 ponds from southern France (Larzac) and analysed data with generalized additive models (GAM). Two main novel results emerge from these models: (1) the three landscape scales have significant effects on newt abundance, with more newts in deep, vegetated ponds, devoid of fish and surrounded by wooded areas and inhabited ponds; (2) the quality of the surrounding breeding patches is of primary importance in determining the abundance at core sites in a complex way: high abundances are associated positively with high densities of inhabited ponds, but negatively with the number of surrounding ponds. Deforestation, invasive species and abandonment of ponds all have negative impacts on the persistence of palmate newt populations. Future studies should encompass landscapes at different scales and incorporate the habitat quality in surrounding sites to better understand population dynamics and provide adequate conservation measures.     

正确认识食品添加剂 进一步落实主体责任

食品添加剂是现代食品工业最重要的组成部分,且越来越发挥着重要的作用,为人类饮食发展做出了巨大贡献。但近年来,违法添加非食用物质和滥用食品添加剂生产加工食品的重大事件时有发生,严重影响了全社会对食品安全的信心和我国食品的信誉。进一步完善食品添加剂标准体系,落实食品企业质量安全主体责任,有效地控制食品安全危害,保障人民群众身体健康是一个永久的话题。     

饲用益生素与抗生素的比较研究

对饲用益生素与抗生素的研究进行了比较分析，主要对其研究的历史和现况，作用机理，合理使用的条件与可行性进行了综述。     

中药添加剂防治兔球虫病及其增重效果试验

40只家兔随机均分为4组，Ⅰ组为空白对照组，Ⅱ组为感染对照组、Ⅲ组为地克珠利组、Ⅳ组为中药添加剂组，用药组家兔饲喂含药饲料3 d后，人工感染兔混合球虫卵囊1×105。试验结束时，Ⅲ、Ⅳ组家兔平均OPG值均为0，并且两组家兔均无死亡；Ⅳ组家兔平均日增重为30.9±6 g，经q检验，与Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组比较差异显著（p<0.05），与Ⅱ组比较差异极显著（p<0.01）。结果表明：此中药添加剂具有与地克珠利相当的对家兔球虫病防治作用，并有促进家兔生长的作用。     

Detection and Analysis of High Temperature Sensitivity of TGMS Lines in Rice Using AMMI Model

With the AMMI(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction)analysis model,the determination of the sensitivity to temperature among different TGMS(thermo-sensitive genic male sterile)lines was performed. To assess the genetic differences due to high temperature stress at. the fertility-sensitive stage(10- 20 d before heading),seven genotypes(six TGMS lines and the control Pei-Ai64S)were grown from May 4 at seven different stages with 10d intervals. The temperatures at. the fertility-sensitive stages involved twelve levels from ＜ 20 to ＞30℃ under the regime natural conditions in Hangzhou,China. There was considerable variation in pollen fertility among genotypes in response to high temperature. Five genotypes identified as TGMS lines as their percentages of fertile pollens were lower than or close to that. of the. control except for the unstable line RTS19(V6). When the temperatures at. the fertility-sensitive stage were at Ⅰ -Ⅳ,Ⅴ-Ⅵ and Ⅶ-Ⅻ,the percentages of fertile pollens varied in the ranges of 46.46- 48.49%,19.62-22.79% and 3.49- 5.87%,respectively. The critical temperatures of sterility and fertility in the five TGMS lines were 25.1 and 23.0℃,respectively. Considering the amounts and directions of main effect and their IPCA(interaction principal components analysis),we can classify the lines and temperature levels into different groups,and describe the characteristics of genotyPe x temperature interaction,offering the information and tools for the development and utility of thermo-sensitive male sterile lines.Several TGMS rice lines with their reproductive sensitivity to high temperature that can be screened using the AMMI model may add valuable germplasm to the breeding program of hybrid rice.     

中药饲料添加剂替代抗菌药物及促生长剂对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

选用45头体重为10 kg左右的杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪,将它们分为3组,比较3组生长肥育猪的生产性能.中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在基础日粮中分别添加中药饲料添加剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ号,对照组则添加抗菌药物和促生长剂.结果表明:与对照组比较,中药Ⅰ组日增重分别提高了6.54%、5.01%、4.49%和4.74%,料重比分别降低了1.55%、8.25%、5.65%和-0.03%;中药Ⅱ组日增重分别提高了1.44%、2.24%、4.12%和4.55%,料重比分别降低了-2.50%、6.01%、6.21%和1.08%,且2个中药添加组还能有效防止10-40 kg生长肥育猪的腹泻.表明饲料中添加中药饲料添加剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ号可以显著提高生长肥育猪的生产性能,在促进生长、提高抗病力方面的作用优于部分抗菌药物及促生长剂.     

原油管道低输量运行问题

原油管道一般按油田高产期外输设计的，在油田开采的初期和末期，原油管道必然出现不满输现象，由于油田自然老化，原油外输量减少，油田自炼油增加；设计时对油田产量估计过高，导致管径设计过大等原因，使我国多数管道出现低输量情况，提出了实际输量稍高于允许最低输量叫低输量，实际输量低于允许最低输量叫超低输量等界定指标，我国盛产高粘易凝原油，低输量运行既不经济又很不安全。国外的办法一般是掺稀油输送或加药改性，延长     

中药“蛋必增”对产蛋鸡血清及蛋黄胆固醇的影响

应用中草药添加剂“蛋必增”分别按1 %、2 % 和0 % 的添加量饲喂产蛋鸡,表明“蛋必增”能激活肝脏7ɑ-羟化酶活力,降低产蛋鸡血清中胆固醇和鸡蛋胆固醇含量。“蛋必增”对产蛋鸡胆固醇代谢有一定影响作用。     

三种不同添加剂对肉鸡增重效益的试验

禽肉多添加剂，碳酸氢钠，天然沸石，作为鸡的饲料添加剂，做对比试验，试验结果表明，三个试验组比对照组平均每只鸡的增重情况，１组多增重３０６．９克，２组多地重２８５９克，３组多增重２４０．６克。提高饲料报酬分国１５．２％，１２．９％，１１．７％，试验组增加经济效益分别为４１．３８元，３８．２２元３１．４３元。