斑节对虾白斑综合症病毒部分基因组文库及核酸探针检测法

通过分离纯化白斑综合症病毒（ＷＳＳＶ）粒子,抽提病毒ＤＮＡ。用限制性内切酶ＥｃｏＲⅠ或ＳａｌⅠ酶切后,克隆入质粒ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔⅡＫＳ中,从而建立了ＷＳＳＶ部分基因组文库。估计ＷＳＳＶ基因组ＤＮＡ在１６５ｋｂ以上。将ＷＳＳＶ ＥｃｏＲⅠ克隆片段标记制备为探针。进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交、打点杂交和原位杂交,其结果证明了克隆片段对ＷＳＳＶ特异,并为检测ＷＳＳＶ提供了方法。通过对部分基因组文库序列     

网络环境下高校图书馆面临的机遇和挑战

通过网上及实地调研,研究在网络环境下高校图书馆在文献资源建设、研究能力、人力资源建设及管理制度方面面临的机遇和挑战,提出应对各种挑战的思路和方法,旨在更好地完善图书馆内部管理与服务,使图书馆建设迈向绿色、和谐、可持续发展的道路。     

论高校思想政治教育如何应对互联网的挑战

互联网的应用与普及为大学生开辟了一条广阔的学习和成才之路，同时又不可避免地对当代大学生世界观、人生观和价值观的形成带来诸多消极影响，对高校思想政治教育提出了严峻的挑战。本主要论述了互联网给高校思想政治教育带来的挑战及其对策。     

Adrenal cortex reactivity in dairy cows differs between lactational stages and between different feeding levels

Changes in ACTH challenge test characteristics in dairy cows changing their physiological status at different lactational stages and different feeding levels were not investigated in terms of repeatability yet. In 23 multiparous Holstein cows (10 cows fed a sole fresh herbage diet without concentrate, 13 cows fed with concentrate), three ACTH challenge tests were performed: once during pregnancy shortly prior to drying off ( T1 ), and in week 3 ( T2 ) and 8 ( T3 ) after parturition. Test characteristics were correlated to performance and metabolic parameters: DMI, BW, energy balance (EB), plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (NEFA) and beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Basal plasma cortisol concentrations were higher at T1 compared with T2 and T3 (p < .05). The adrenal cortex sensitivity (expressed as total AUC (AUC_t) of cortisol response after ACTH application) was lowest at T2 compared with T1 and T3 (p < .05). Ranking of the individual animals’ responses was not repeatable between time points of the ACTH tests. Enhancing the energy deficiency during early lactation by omission of concentrate did not affect baseline cortisol concentrations in plasma, but decreased peak height at T2 (p < .05). Baseline plasma cortisol concentrations were positively correlated with cortisol peak values after ACTH application, previous lactation performance, milk yield and BW (p < .05). The AUC_t was positively correlated with baseline cortisol concentrations, EB and DMI. Cortisol release after ACTH injection was lower in animals with high plasma concentrations of NEFA, BHB and with higher contents of fat and free fatty acids in milk (p < .05). Cortisol peak height after ACTH administration was higher in cows with a more positive EB, higher DMI and lower plasma concentrations of NEFA and BHB. In summary, cortisol responses to ACTH challenges in this study were not repeatable in dairy cows changing their physiological status.     

挑战传统教学模式-多媒体辅助英语教学

多媒体技术的广泛应用是对传统教学模式的巨大挑战。在本文中，作者结合自己的教学实际经验，论述了多媒体辅助教学的一些优点，同时对使用中存在的一些问题也提出了自己的观点和看法。     

以 WWSV ORF234片段诊断罗氏沼虾白斑病毒病及片段分析

根据GenBank中登录的对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV )全基因组序列中和ORF234相应的序列来设计1对引物, 从疑似病例的罗氏沼虾中提取总DNA, 并以此为模板, 经PCR扩增出约885 bp的特异性片段, 克隆进质粒载体pET- 28a( + ), 进行序列测定和分析。结果显示: 扩增序列共编码294个氨基酸, 预测的相对分子质量为34kDa, 与G enBank中登录序列的对应区域同源性达99%, 由此确认该罗氏沼虾患有白斑综合病毒病。该序列所编码的蛋白在22~ 96氨基酸位置有一段球状结构, 在142~ 272 氨基酸位置有一个与DUF1335 蛋白同源的将近130个氨基酸残基的保守区, 其功能未知。同时还对克隆出的片段进行序列分析和蛋白预测, 以进一步深入开展蛋白的功能及对该病毒病的防治的研究。     

Research Progress on Hair Cortisol as Evaluation Indicators of Chronic Stress

Making hair cortisol as the gold standard of reflecting chronic stress level is prospective and innovative.Hair cortisol not only can be used in detecting and estimating the chronic stress level of animals, but also can be benefit for understanding the body's physiological and pathological process and making effective health management strategy in time.Blood, saliva, urine and milk cortisol concentrations can be regarded as matrices for reflecting acute stress level as well, they have been used in detecting and establishing the diurnal profile of circulating cortisol studying.But hair which is a good supplementary matric can reflect the chronic stress level retrospectively.Hair cortisol as a reflection of the biochemical markers of chronic stress has the advantages of no invasive, relatively sensitive detection and convenient sampling stress, and hair cortisol is a heritable trait (h²=0.31).The utility of hair cortisol as a maker for HPA activity, and a useful tool for identifying genetic variation influences on long term individual differences in HPA activity.This article summarized the relationship between the cortisol and animal's healthy, the regulating mechanism and genetic adaptation change under chronic stress and the research progress of evaluation indicators during chronic stress, the research progress of hair as a matric of cortisol, the limitations and challenge of regarding hair cortisol as the biochemical marker to reflect the chronic stress level in the future.     

Pathogen translocation and histopathological lesions in an experimental model of Salmonella Dublin infection in calves receiving lactic acid bacteria and lactose supplements

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculum to protect calves with or without lactose supplements against Salmonella Dublin infection by evaluating histopathological lesions and pathogen translocation. Fifteen calves were divided into three groups [control group (C-G), a group inoculated with LAB (LAB-G), and a group inoculated with LAB and given lactose supplements (L-LAB-G)] with five, six, and four animals, respectively. The inoculum, composed of Lactobacillus (L.) casei DSPV 318T, L. salivarius DSPV 315T, and Pediococcus acidilactici DSPV 006T, was administered with milk replacer. The LAB-G and L-LAB-G received a daily dose of 10⁹ CFU/kg body weight of each strain throughout the experiment. Lactose was provided to the L-LAB-G in doses of 100 g/day. Salmonella Dublin (2 × 10¹⁰ CFU) was orally administered to all animals on day 11 of the experiment. The microscopic lesion index values in target organs were 83%, 70%, and 64.3% (p < 0.05) for the C-G, LAB-G, and L-LAB-G, respectively. Administration of the probiotic inoculum was not fully effective against infection caused by Salmonella. Although probiotic treatment was unable to delay the arrival of pathogen to target organs, it was evident that the inoculum altered the response of animals against pathogen infection.     

种公牛站的发展机遇与挑战

种公牛站是畜牧业良种繁育体系的重要组成部分,是我国法定的牛冷冻精液生产和经营单位。随着国外育种公司、种子资源的逐步进入,对国内种公牛站现有的生产技术水平和经营管理水平带来新的考验,竞争也会越加激烈。所以要尽快提高我国种公牛站整体生产和经营水平,以适应畜牧业发展和结构调整的需要及增强国内外市场竞争力。