两色绿刺蛾观察及防治试验

本文对两色绿刺蛾幼虫的形态特征和生活习性进行了一般的观察,并使用白僵菌粉炮和1.2%苦参·烟碱烟剂进行了防治试验。结果表明,白僵菌防治两色绿刺蛾效果明显,能有效控制该虫的危害。     

红鲤4群体间红细胞免疫功能及其差异

应用红细胞C3b受体花环试验和红细胞天然免疫粘附肿瘤细胞花环试验方法，证实兴国红鲤(Cyprinuscarpio.var.singguonensis)、玻璃红鲤(C.carpio.var.wananensis)、荷包红鲤(C.carpio.var.wananensis)及瓯江彩鲤(C.carpio.var.color)的红细胞表面都存在C3b补体受体，均可形成花环；红鲤的红细胞免疫粘附能力存在着种群间差异，上述2种花环试验的花环率大小的顺序均是：兴国红鲤＞荷包红鲤＞瓯江彩鲤＞玻璃红鲤，差异都极显著(P＜0．01)；4群体红鲤的红细胞均具有吞噬作用。结果证实，鱼类红细胞免疫功能在机体防御病原的过程中占有重要地位。     

Color vision, spectral sensitivity, accommodation, and visual acuity in juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou

ABSTRACT:   Color vision, spectral sensitivity, accommodation, and visual acuity were examined in juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou to obtain fundamental information about the visual system. Two types of S-potentials were recorded from 415 horizontal cells in isolated retinas from 34 cultured freshwater masu salmon (114–219 mm standard length, SL). Although horizontal cells recording S-potentials were not identified, the horizontal cells were confirmed because their responses were maintained while the stimulus remained. The variety of chromaticity (C)-type S-potentials indicated well-developed color vision. The analysis of the luminosity (L)-type S-potentials indicated that the peak spectral sensitivity was at 522 nm. S-potentials were also recorded in response to ultraviolet light. The direction and extent of lens movement induced by electrical stimulation was measured in 12 cultured masu salmon (99.0–142.5 mm SL). The results indicated that the visual axis was upward and forward, and that the range of accommodation was from 0.79 × SL in front of the eye to infinity. In histological analysis of the retinas of five wild smolts (100–118 mm SL), the maximum cone densities (276–345 cones/0.01 mm²) were detected in the ventral to temporal regions. The visual acuities assessed by histological methods were 0.069–0.075.     

饵料类型对岱衢族大黄鱼鱼体和肌肉营养成分、体色、肉色的影响

岱衢族大黄鱼为我国优质大黄鱼养殖群体,养殖中所投喂的饵料往往影响着鱼体和肌肉营养成分、体色和肉色,这些均为衡量岱衢族大黄鱼品质的重要指标.本试验旨在通过测定岱衢族大黄鱼鱼体和肌肉营养成分、体色和肉色指标,研究投喂鲜杂鱼和配合饲料对岱衢族大黄鱼品质的影响.试验设置2组,分别投喂鲜杂鱼和配合饲料22个月,采样后所测鱼体和肌肉营养成分指标包括干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分和氨基酸含量,体色和肉色指标包括L、a、b值.结果表明:与投喂鲜杂鱼相比,投喂配合饲料显著降低了岱衢族大黄鱼全鱼的粗脂肪含量(P＜0.05),但显著提高了肌肉的粗脂肪、亮氨酸(Leu)、赖氨酸(Lys)、谷氨酸(Glu)、总必需氨基酸、总呈味氨基酸和总氨基酸含量(P＜0.05);饵料类型对岱衢族大黄鱼的体色和肉色无显著影响(P＞0.05),但岱衢族大黄鱼体表不同部位颜色存在显著差异(P＜0.05),与背部相比,腹部的颜色较亮,且偏红黄.由此得出,相较于鲜杂鱼,采用配合饲料养成的岱衢族大黄鱼肌肉具有更高的营养价值.     

光照对中国对虾稚虾3种消化酶活力的影响

在实验室条件下研究光照(光照周期、光照强度和光色)对中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)稚虾3种消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶)活力的影响。在本实验条件下,主要结果如下:(1)4种光照周期下,对虾3种消化酶的活力差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)在完全黑暗、6μmol.m-2.s-1、30μmol.m-2.s-1和110μmol.m-2.s-1光照强度下,对虾蛋白酶的活力分别为0.361 U.mg-1(protein)、0.081 U.mg-1(protein)、0.088 U.mg-1(protein)和0.273 U.mg-1(protein),完全黑暗和110μmol.m-2.s-1下的活力显著高于其他两个光照强度(P<0.05),且两者间的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);中国对虾淀粉酶的活力分别为0.386 U.mg-1(protein)、0.095 U.mg-1(protein)、0.111 U.mg-1(protein)和0.315 U.mg-1(protein),完全黑暗和110μmol.m-2.s-1条件下的活力显著高于其他两个光照强度(P<0.05),两者间的差异亦达到显著水平(P<0.05);对虾脂肪酶的活力分别为0.147×10-2U.mg-1(protein)、0.150×10-2U.mg-1(protein)、0.170×10-2U.mg-1(protein)和0.183×10-2U.mg-1(protein),完全黑暗和110μmol.m-2.s-1条件下的活力差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);(3)不同光色下,对虾蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力差异不显著(P>0.05),脂肪酶的活力则存在一定的差异,蓝光和黄光下,对虾脂肪酶的活力分别为0.093×10-2U.mg-1(protein)和0.107×10-2U.mg-1(protein),显著高于白光和绿光下的活力(P<0.05),但蓝光组和黄光组间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Effects of mechanical stress in under-sized clams, Tapes philippinarum: a laboratory approach

The present study is a first attempt at evaluating the effects of repeated disturbance, such as that caused by mechanical fishing systems, on the target species, Tapes philippinarum, intensively exploited in the Lagoon of Venice (North-East Italy). In particular, in free-access fishing grounds, detrimental effects of dredging may be suffered by under-sized clams, which are disturbed by fishing tools many times throughout their lives before they are collected. Similar mechanical stress conditions are experienced by T. philippinarum in licensed areas, where they are farmed in aquaculture conditions and undergo the harmful impact of hydraulic dredging. To evaluate the effects of short-term mechanical stress, under-sized clams were subjected to experimental shaking in the laboratory, and detrimental effects on their well-being were investigated by applying the biomarker approach. Changes in physiological, biochemical and behavioural responses were evaluated by determining scope for growth, adenylate energy charge, survival in air time, reburrowing time, and shell damage level. Responses highlighted general worsening in clam condition as mechanical stress increased. Among the various measurements, survival in air and reburrowing time appeared particularly suitable as indices, their responsiveness and applicability suggesting their use in assessing mechanical stress due to dredging in field conditions.     

掺假芝麻香油的快速定量检测

院目前,芝麻香油掺假的现象日趋严重,亟需建立一种能适用于现场测定的快速检验方法。本文选取了浓硫酸显色法、蔗糖盐酸显色法及糠醛显色法三种方法进行对比。结果发现,浓硫酸显色法不需要任何特殊试剂和设备,快速可行,但准确度不高;蔗糖盐酸显色法准确度有所提高,但由于显色反应颜色不稳定,使得该方法仍具有一定的局限性;糠醛显色法可操作性强,准确度高。具体应用中,根据实际需求选择适宜的检测方法。     

不同生产工艺对花牛苹果浓缩清汁贮存期色值变化的影响

将不同工艺下生产的花牛苹果浓缩清汁样品分别放置于露天环境、冷库（5-10益）、10益及20益恒温条件下贮存,定期测定色值,计算色值变化量。结果表明,通过吸附树脂的流速为2.5BV/h时,生产的浓缩苹果汁色值下降最缓慢,贮存时间最长。     

看水越冬及其生物学分析

根据黑龙江、吉林地区数十个鱼类越冬池的实测数据 ,从水色、透明度、浮游生物与水体溶氧间的相互关系 ,总结如下规律 :1 水体透明度与浮游植物量负相关 ,与浮游动物量正相关。透明度 <5 0cm者 ,浮游植物丰富而极少浮游动物 ,一般氧气充足 ;透明度 >80cm者 ,多滤食性浮游动物 ,浮游植物少 ,一般溶氧量较低。越冬池透明度以 5 0～ 70cm为宜。 2 根据水体透明度可了解越冬池营养盐的丰欠 ,在越冬中、后期“肥水 (浮游植物多 )易缺肥而瘦水 (浮游动物多 )不易缺肥”。 3 目测冰下水体中鱼类的活动状况和兼测水温变化 ,可为池鱼越冬效果预测提供重要依据