新疆野苹果叶形性状变异及其与SSR标记关联分析

以从新疆天山地区新疆野苹果600个无性系中筛选得到的18个优系为研究对象,调查其叶形性状变异,并进行了SSR分子标记分析,探究叶形性状与SSR标记间的相关关系。结果表明,调查的15个叶形性状在无性系间均存在极显著差异;平均变异系数最大的为叶尖角α(达到25.39%),叶形指数L1/L3最小(仅为10.31%);叶片长的重复力最大(达到0.967),叶形指数L1/L3最小(仅为0.495)。以15个叶片性状为依据,可将各无性系完全区分开,并分为3类,各无性系间的遗传距离变化在1.293~7.235间。用均匀分布在17个染色体连锁群上的30对多态性SSR引物对18个无性系进行聚类分析,可将各无性系完全区分开,并可分为4类,各无性系间的遗传距离为0.089~0.689,平均遗传距离为0.433。所有叶形性状聚类结果与所有SSR标记聚类结果不相关。以单一叶形性状聚类结果与经过筛选的部分SSR标记聚类结果进行相关分析,绝大部分达到极显著相关,且大部分引物组合表现为累积效应,表明叶形性状与部分SSR位点具有紧密关联。     

福建省梨地方品种的遗传多样性研究

利用叶绿体DNA非编码区序列acc D-psa I和17对SSR引物对原产于福建省的49个梨地方品种的遗传多样性进行分析,旨在为育种利用提供参考。获得49份福建地方品种的acc D-psa I序列,并检测到4个多态性位点,包含5个叶绿体单倍型(Hap1~Hap5),其中核苷酸多态性(Pi)为0.00139,单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.660。TCS网络图显示Hap5是最古老的单倍型,其仅在两个样品中检测到。17个SSR位点共检测到211个等位基因位点,有效等位基因数(A)为5~23个,平均值为12.41;观察杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)的平均值分别为0.5802和0.7549;17个SSR位点的Shannon’s信息指数(I)值为0.5830~2.7683,平均值为1.8661,表现出较高的遗传多样性。基于Nei和Li的遗传距离的邻接法(Neighbor-Joining,NJ)将49份样品聚为9个组,其中大部分聚类结果与单倍型类型表现的亲缘关系较为一致。叶绿体单倍型和SSR多态性位点信息证实福建地方品种具有较为丰富的遗传多样性。     

甜瓜‘PMR6’抗白粉病基因的遗传及其定位研究

以甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)感白粉病品种‘Hami413’为受体亲本,抗白粉病品种‘PMR6’为供体亲本构建的255株BC2分离群体为材料,研究‘PMR6’抗白粉病的遗传规律及基因定位。群体遗传分析表明,BC2群体中对白粉病菌Podosphaera xanthii生理小种1的抗性由显性单基因控制,基因命名为Pm-PMR6-1;利用混合分组分析法(Bulked segregant analysis,BSA)从分布于甜瓜12个连锁群上的390个SSR分子标记中筛选出5个多态性标记;通过连锁分析,将该抗性基因定位于12号连锁群SSR标记DM0191与CMBR111之间;根据甜瓜基因组信息设计SSR引物,进一步将该基因定位于SSR12407与SSR12202之间,并且该抗性基因与标记Mu7191共分离;比对基因组序列,两标记间物理距离约226 kb,预测35个候选基因。     

番茄品种SSR标记鉴定技术研究

以16个番茄品种为材料,从200对番茄SSR引物中筛选出20对适合用于番茄品种鉴定的引物,用该20对引物对66个番茄品种进行分析,共检测出52个等位基因变异,等位基因变异范围为2~5个,平均每个位点产生2.6个等位基因变异。通过遗传聚类方法对引物组合的品种鉴别能力进行分析,结果显示仅用9对引物构成的引物组合就可以对66个番茄品种进行有效鉴别,该9对引物组合构建的SSR-DNA指纹图谱可作为品种的遗传标签用于品种真伪鉴定。     

水稻与玉米远缘杂交改良籼稻温敏两用核不育系之SSR分析

选用7对SSR引物对7个水稻×玉米远缘后代不育株系及其双亲进行SSR分析。与母本扩增带型相比,共扩增出18条特异带,即表现为多态性。在检出的18条特异带中,13条的带型与父本相同,另5条的带型不同于双亲,即为变异带型。7个参试后代不育株系都检测到了SSR多态性标记,但各株系间检出多态性位点的数量存在差异,最多的一个株系ys-2同时检测到3个多态性标记。试验结果表明通过远缘杂交技术很可能将玉米的某些DNA片段成功地导入了水稻两用核不育系,表明研究在籼稻两用核不育系的改良上取得了初步的成果。     

SSR技术在玉米种子纯度鉴定上的应用(上)

在对玉米种子纯度检测方法进行了广泛的调研与比较后,选定SSR方法进行优化研究,建立了新的玉米单株幼苗DNA提取方法,优化了操作系统,验证了技术的成熟性,筛选出了8对核心引物,用于192个杂交玉米组合的纯度检测工作,探索出了一套玉米种子纯度快速检测新方法.     

QTLs for Fusarium head blight response in a wheat DH population of Wangshuibai/Alondra‘s’

Summary A doubled haploid (DH) wheat population derived from the cross Wangshuibai/Alondra‘s’ was developed through chromosome doubling of haploids generated by anther culture of hybrids. Fusarium head blight (FHB) was evaluated for three years from 2001 to 2003 in Jianyang, Fujian Province, China, where epidemics of FHB have been consistently severe. After 307 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were screened, 110 pairs were polymorphic between Wangshuibai and Alondra`s’, and used to construct a genetic linkage map for detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A stable QTL for low FHB severity was detected on chromosomes 3B over all three years, and QTLs on chromosomes 5B, 2D, and 7A were detected over two years. Additional QTLs on chromosomes 3A, 3D, 4B, 5A, 5D, 6B and 7B showed marginal significance in only one year. Six QTLs were detected when phenotypic data from three years were combined. In addition, significant additive-by-additive epistasis was detected for a QTL on 6A although its additive effect was not significant. Additive effects (A) and additive-by-additive epistasis (AA) explained a major portion of the phenotypic variation (76.5%) for FHB response. Xgwm533-3B and Xgwm335-5B were the closest markers to QTLs, and have potential to be used as selectable markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding programs.     

杂交稻部分不育系与恢复系的SSR分类

选用分布于水稻(Oryza sativa L.)12条染色体上的36对SSR(simple sequence repeats)引物，分析了5个光温敏核不育系、7个细胞质雄性不育系及54份来自不同生态类型恢复系或品种的遗传差异。在供试材料中共检测出300条多态性片段，平均每对SSR引物检测到8.33条。分析结果表明，(1) SSR标记明确地把供试的66份水稻材料中的65份区分开来，和已知系谱的亲缘关系多数吻合，与表型性状聚类结果也有一定的相似性。(2) 以GD=0.73为标准，可准确地将籼稻、粳稻、野生稻三大类区分开；以GD=0.63为标准，又可区分出籼稻大类中带有粳稻或野生稻血缘的品种。表明SSR标记对籼稻、粳稻、野生稻品种的分类灵敏度高、结果可靠；并筛选出可用于鉴别水稻籼粳类型的10对特异性引物。(3) 以GD=0.56为标准，将供试材料划分在8个生态类型中，为生产上杂优组合亲本的选配提供了一些有益的参考。同时，生产上常用的一些杂交稻亲本划分在不同的生态类型中，表明强优势组合亲本间的遗传差异一般较大。     

利用SSR标记进行玉米品种一致性检测研究

为了评估SSR标记在玉米品种一致性鉴定中的应用价值及确定基于SSR标记的玉米一致性鉴定标准,利用13个SSR标记对213份来自2004年国家区域试验的玉米单交种(包括16份重复材料)进行了一致性分析,每个品种取20个个体,除在染色体6和8上各选取了2个和3个标记外,其他染色体上均各选取1个SSR标记.结果显示:一致性检测中异型带的类型有7种,每种出现的概率不同;不同品种在不同引物位点的一致性分布情况差别较大.比较位于同一染色体的引物一致性检测结果,发现在相同染色体上位置较近的不同引物一致性检测结果具有较高的相关性,因此提出在选用一致性检测的引物时应遵循均匀分布的原则,减少引物间的相关性.通过剔除自交个体对品种一致性比率进行校正(仅有7个品种),校正值可反映品种真实的遗传一致性和稳定性.综合考虑品种在单个引物位点的一致性和在所有位点的平均一致性,提出了划分玉米品种一致性级别的标准.     

Genetic diversity within Australian wheat breeding programs based on molecular and pedigree data

124 wheat cultivars and breeding lines were screened with 19 microsatellite (SSR) loci generating 160 scorable bands which were used to construct a genetic distance (GD) matrix. A distance matrix based on coefficient of parentage (COP) scores was also generated for the cultivars for which good pedigree records were available. The SSR and COP data for 101 of the wheat cultivars were compared with genetic distance scores obtained using1898 scorable restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) bands previously generated. Phylograms were generated based on the SSR, RFLP,combined SSR and RFLP and COP data. The standardised Mantel's Z test showed that the distance matrices generated from all of the data sets were significantly correlated. Bootstrap analysis showed that, although the SSR and RFLP data were correlated, a large number of SSR loci are required for determining robust genetic relationships between large numbers of cultivars. In addition, accurate pedigree records are needed to determine genetic relatedness using COP. The molecular data were also used to determine the level of genetic variability within breeding programs and to assess the impact of the introduction of semidwarf and other germplasm. The results showed that the level of genetic diversity in Australian wheat cultivars has increased over time and that in particular, the introduction of semidwarf germplasm resulted in an increase in the overall diversity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.