小剂量砷化物对实验兔生长和繁殖性能的影响

为研究As2O3对实验兔生长和繁殖性能的影响,选择年龄和体重相近的40只实验兔(32只母兔,8只公兔)随机分成4组.对照组饲喂不含As2O3的基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组分别饲喂含As2O3 0.5mg/kg、1.0mg/kg和1.5mg/kg的日粮.生长发育和繁殖性能的测定结果显示,试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比,差异不显著(P＞0.05),试验Ⅱ组性能表现优于对照组,差异显著(P＜0.05),试验Ⅲ组出现中毒症状.本实验表明,适量的As2O3对实验兔生长和繁殖具有促进作用.     

桑青尺蠖的生物学特性研究

研究了桑树常见害虫桑青尺蠖的形态特征、继代繁殖等生物学特性 ,以及幼虫食叶量、寄生性天敌及温度对青尺蠖发育历期的影响。该虫在室温下全年可继代繁殖 5代 ,以蛹越冬。随着饲养温度的升高 ,其发育历期缩短。在 2 0 95、2 4 16和 2 9 70℃的温度下 ,全代历期分别为 5 8 1、43 9和 35 2d。幼虫多为 6龄 ,少数 5龄。平均每头幼虫全龄食叶量为 2 948 11mg ,其中第 5龄和第 6龄食叶量占全龄食叶量的 95 48%。     

比哈小爪螨在3种南方果树上的发育与繁殖

为了探明比哈小爪螨在龙眼、荔枝、杧果上的种群增长情况,采用以上3种果树叶片为寄主材料进行饲养,以观察其发育、存活及繁殖。结果表明,比哈小爪螨取食龙眼世代发育历期最短为14.57d,取食杧果最长为20.71d;世代存活率龙眼最高为93.8%,荔枝最低为83.8%;产卵量以龙眼最高为46.63粒,杧果最低7.32粒;内禀增长率以龙眼最大为0.1328,杧果最小为0.0467;种群趋势指数的顺序为:龙眼>荔枝>果。     

中华鼢鼠生物学特性的研究

通过研究中华鼢鼠生物学特性，其食性食量125g／d，每个洞内食物存放平均750g；解剖观察，怀孕胚胎2-4个，平均3．38个，雌雄比为53．16：46．84。     

利用I-69杨树伐根萌芽更新与植苗造林的效果

对３ ａ 生Ｉ６９ 杨树伐根萌芽更新与植苗造林的成活率和生长量的连续观测结果表明，在幼龄期，伐根萌芽更新比植苗造林用工少，成活率高，生长量大，而且可以节省大量的造林和抚育管护经费，经济效益显著。     

生长调节剂对猴头子实体生殖生长及发育的影响

本实验用赤霉素和２．４—Ｄ分别用筛选出的最适浓度和剂量，分两次喷施于猴头幼小子实体上，处理后采收同期生长的子实体，制成石蜡组织切片，并进行显微镜观察。结果表明：与对照组相比，赤霉素和２．４—Ｄ对猴头子实体细胞的伸长，担子形成，分化和担孢子成熟有明显的促进作用，从而为其能提高猴头产量，缩短猴头生长周期提供了理论依据     

中华鼢鼠生物学特性的研究

通过研究中华鼢鼠生物学特性,其食性食量125g/d,每个洞内食物存放平均750g;解剖观察,怀孕胚胎2～4个,平均3.38个,雌雄比为53.164∶6.84。     

Effects of photoperiod on sex steroids and gonad maturation in Arctic charr

Four groups of Arctic charr (age 3+), previously exposed to natural photoperiod, were subjected to different photoperiod regimes from February 20: Simulated natural photoperiod (SNP; Tromsø 70°N), continuous light (LD 24:0) followed by short day (LD 6:18) from either May 1 (L_Feb–May) or June 25 (L_Feb–June), or continuous light (LD 24:0) throughout the experiment (L_Continuous). In females, peak levels of estradiol-17β and testosterone were 6 and 10, 6 and 7, and 3 and 5 weeks advanced, in L_Feb–May, L_Feb–June and L_Continuous, respectively, whereas in males plasma levels of 11-ketotestosterone peaked 8 weeks earlier in L_Feb–May and L_Feb–June than in SNP and L_Continuous. Median ovulation time in L_Feb–May and L_Feb–June was advanced by 10 weeks compared to SNP and L_Continuous, and median spermiation time (first observation of running milt in each individual) in L_Feb–May, L_Feb–June and L_Continuous was advanced by 10, 7 and 5 weeks, compared to SNP. A switch from long to short day early in the reproductive cycle (L_Feb–May and L_Feb–June) apparently resulted in stronger synchronization of both ovulation and spermiation. Ovulation in L_Feb–May and L_Feb–June occurred over 3 weeks (L_Feb–May) and 8 weeks (L_Feb–June), as compared to 10 weeks in the SNP group, whereas all males (except one individual) began spermiating over a period of 3 weeks (L_Feb–June), or less (L_Feb–May), as compared to 7 weeks in the SNP group. Lack of a short day stimulus (L_Continuous), on the other hand, resulted in larger variation in the timing of final maturation, with ovulation and spermiation being spread over 15 weeks. Low egg survival in L_Feb–May (17% versus 60% and 97% for L_Continuous and SNP) indicate that a long day signal of 10 weeks early in the reproductive cycle may be too short to ensure good egg and sperm quality. Photoperiod manipulation did not affect the proportion of maturing fish.     

The reproductive biology of the baby clam, Marcia opima, from two geographically separated areas of India

A study of the reproductive cycle of the baby clam, Marcia opima (Gmelin) was conducted at two sites along the southeast (Tuticorin Bay) and southwest (Ashtamudi estuary) coast of India from December 1998 to January 2000. Histological evidence showed that baby clam from both the sites showed two spawning seasons. First spawning season was recorded from May to July in the southeast coast. In the southwest coast, the first spawning season was observed through March to May. A second spawning season from September to December was recorded in both the coasts. In the southeast coast, minimum and maximum condition indices were obtained in January 2000 and April 1999 respectively and decreased from May to June and November to January, signifying the two spawning periods. Most of the animals were either in spent or indeterminate gonadal stage from May to August and November to January indicating the active spawning during that months in the southeast coast.     

Reproductive characteristics in female Swedish moose (Alces alces), with emphasis on puberty,timing of oestrus,and mating

Background

The moose (Alces alces) is an intensively managed keystone species in Fennoscandia. Several aspects of reproduction in moose have not been fully elucidated, including puberty, timing of mating and oestrus, and the length of the oestrus period. These aspects are relevant for an adaptive management of moose with respect to harvest, population size, demography and environmental conditions. Therefore, an investigation of female moose reproduction was conducted during the moose-hunting period in southern Sweden from 2008 to 2011.

Results

A total of 250 reproductive organs and information on carcass weight and age was collected from four different hunting areas (provinces of Öland, Småland, Södermanland, and Västergötland) in southern Sweden. The results showed that puberty in female moose varied with carcass weight, age, and time of season. The period for oestrous/mating lasted from about mid September to the beginning of November.

Conclusions

The oestrus period (predominantly for heifers) is longer than previously reported and was not finished when the hunting period started. Sampling the uterine cervix to detect spermatozoa was a useful method to determine if mating had occurred. To avoid hunting of moose during oestrus, we suggest that the hunting period should be postponed by at least 14 days in southern Sweden.