预混料与氨化秸秆组合对舍饲青海半细毛羊的应用效果

30只周岁青海半细毛羊被分为4个试验组,分别用顶混料与氨化秸秸秆组合进行育肥效果观察试验。试验结果表明,试验Ⅰ组平均日增一重为79．29g,试验Ⅱ组平均日增重为107．14g,试验Ⅲ组平均日增重为128．1g,试验Ⅳ组平均日增重为183g。在4个试验组中,预混料与氨化秸秆组合试验组羊的日增明显高于其余3组,差异极显著（P〈0．1）。     

葎草饲喂獭兔效果研究

葎草Humulus scandens分别饲喂生长獭兔、妊娠母兔以探讨其饲用效果.结果显示:葎草干粉代替全部普通青干草饲喂生长獭兔,日增重增加15.05%,料重比降低11.37%,对母兔的产仔数、产活仔数、泌乳力、断奶成活率等指标均没有影响.鲜嫩葎草补加部分精料饲喂生长獭兔,1.5-3.5月龄平均日增重20.52 g,最高日增重可达25.6 g;饲喂繁殖母兔,平均产活仔数6.72只,平均出生个体重54.2 g,平均断奶成活率95.2%,平均断奶个体重375 g .     

栓系饲养和散放饲养对中国西门塔尔公牛育肥效果分析

[目的]研究栓系饲养与散放饲养两种不同饲养方式对西门塔尔牛增重、生长和健康状况的影响。[方法]采用成组试验设计方法,进行栓系饲养与散放饲养两种饲养育肥方式对比;[结果]对照组初始重、育肥2个月体重、育肥2个月平均日增重、育肥3个月体重、育肥3个月平均日增重分别为473.68 kg, 584.20 kg, 1 843.67 g, 631.46 kg, 1 753.11 g;试验组初始重、育肥2个月体重、育肥2个月平均日增重、育肥3个月体重、育肥3个月平均日增重分别为473.80 kg, 581.10 kg, 1 788.33 g, 628.20 kg, 1 715.56 g。拴系饲养平均药费开支每头牛每月65元,散放饲养平均药费开支每头牛每月30元。[结论]通过比较中国西门塔尔肉用公牛栓系饲养和散放饲养增重、生长和健康状况,发现中国西门塔尔公牛散放饲养育肥效果优于栓系饲养育肥效果。     

饲料中添加硒促进獭兔繁殖性能的推广应用研究

为了推广项目《饲料中硒对獭兔繁殖性能的影响及应用研究》的成果,验证硒对獭兔繁殖性能的影响,2011年在张家川县张家川镇、龙山镇、大阳乡选取了10个养兔场（户）5 000只繁殖母兔进行推广应用,与2009年和2010年饲料中未添加硒的繁殖性能进行比较分析,饲料中添加硒后,受胎率提高了5．95个百分点，平均窝产仔数提高了1．5只，初生平均窝重提高了32．86g，初生平均个体重提高了7．68g，平均泌乳力提高了174．46g，断奶窝重提高了258．11g，断奶个体重提高了41．0g，断奶成活率提高了10．55个百分点。     

饲料中添加硒提高獭兔繁殖性能的应用试验

选取了10个养兔场(户)5 000只繁殖母獭兔做试验,每千克饲料中添加0.18mg硒,与2007年和2008年饲料中未添加硒的繁殖性能进行比较。结果表明:饲料中添加硒后,受胎率提高了5.95%,平均窝产仔数提高了1.5只,初生平均窝重提高了32.86g,初生平均个体重提高了7.68g,平均泌乳力提高了174.46g,断奶窝重提高了258.11g,断奶个体重提高了41.0g,断奶成活率提高了10.55%。     

中华鼢鼠生物学特性的研究

通过研究中华鼢鼠生物学特性，其食性食量125g／d，每个洞内食物存放平均750g；解剖观察，怀孕胚胎2-4个，平均3．38个，雌雄比为53．16：46．84。     

皖江麻鸡配套系主要性状选育进展分析

总结分析了皖江麻鸡配套系世代的选育进展.结果表明,经过6个世代的选育,各品系外貌纯度提高到98%以上.配套系父本MA2系早期生长速度得到显著提高,公鸡6周龄体重由0世代876 g提高到6世代944 g,平均每世代提高11.3 g;母鸡由0世代741 g提高到6世代803 g,平均每世代提高10.3 g.母本父系MB1系6周龄体重公鸡由0世代781 g提高到6世代819 g,平均每世代提高6.3 g;母鸡由0世代669 g提高到6世代701 g,平均每世代提高5.3 g.66周龄入舍母鸡产蛋量提高较为显著,由0世代的17413枚提高到6世代的183.8枚,平均每世代提高1.58枚.母本母系MC2系66周龄入舍母鸡产蛋量得到显著提高,由0世代的177.9枚提高到6世代的191.9枚,平均每世代提高2.33枚.     

皖江黄鸡配套系主要性状选育进展分析

总结分析了皖江黄鸡配套系6个世代的选育进展.结果表明,配套系父本(HA系)早期生长速度得到显著提高,6周龄体重公鸡由0世代941 g提高到6世代1 012 g,平均每世代提高11.8 g;母鸡由0世代759 g提高到6世代854 g,平均每世代提高15.8 g.配套系母本父系(HB2系)早期生长速度得到一定提高,公鸡6周龄体重由0世代826 g提高到6世代860 g,平均每世代提高5.7 g;母鸡由0世代689 g提高到6世代714 g,平均每世代提高4.2 g;66周龄入舍母鸡产蛋量提高较为显著,由0世代的174.3枚提高到6世代的184.7枚,平均每世代提高1.73枚.配套系母本母系(HC1品系)6周龄体重基本维持选育前的状态;66周龄入舍母鸡产蛋量得到显著提高,由0世代的178.6枚提高到6世代的192.1枚,平均每世代提高2.25枚.     

引进肉羊品种与蒙古羊双杂交的研究

通过采用全新的肉羊品种双杂交技术,利用超数排卵和胚胎移植技术等手段对所产杂交后代羊的初生重直至周岁重以及对4月龄、6月龄杂交羔羊的胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率、抗病力等指标进行了测试,结果表明12个双杂交组合平均初生重、4月龄平均重、6月龄平均重、8月龄平均重、周岁平均重分别比蒙古羊提高了0.77 kg、17.3 kg、17.2 kg、14.8 kg和14.7 kg,差异极显著(P＜0.01).12个双杂交组合4月龄平均日增重、6月龄平均日增重比蒙古羊提高138g和97g,差异极显著(P＜0.01);12个双杂交组合平均初生重、4月龄平均重和周岁平均重与二元杂交组合相比较,提高了0.73 kg、16.7 kg和7.9 kg,差异极显著(P＜0.01);12个双杂交组合4月龄平均日增重(338 g/d)与两元杂交后代4月龄平均日增重相比较(158 g/d),提高180 g,差异极显著(P＜0.01);双杂交组合6月龄羔羊胴体达到28.9 kg/只,已接近世界最高水平31 kg/只(美国),比国内平均羔羊酮体重13.7 kg/只高15.2 kg/只(P＜0.01).双杂交带来的杂种优势已达到国外优秀肉羊品种的指标,其抗病力已与蒙古羊极为相近.     

季节因素对新西兰白兔繁殖性能的影响

本试验期1年,以月为单位,共分12个组,每月选择200窝空怀母兔、40窝产仔母兔研究不同季节因素对新西兰白兔繁殖性能的影响,统计测定受胎率、窝产仔数、窝产活仔数、产活仔率、初生个体重、初生窝重等指标。试验结果显示,春季总体繁殖性能优于其他季节,其中5月份为最好,其平均受胎率85.00%、平均窝产仔数7.33只、平均初生个体重73.08 g,平均初生窝重526.19 g;夏季高温对繁殖性能影响最大,其8月份的平均窝产仔数5.68只、平均产活仔率94.42%、平均初生个体重60.87 g、平均初生窝重326.44 g,基本处于最低水平;秋季繁殖性能总体呈恢复上升趋势,但由于高温的持续,繁殖性能低于平均水平;冬季除低温对受胎率影响较大外,其余指标相对稳定。试验表明,季节对新西兰白兔繁殖性能有一定影响,春季最宜配种、随后为冬季和秋季,最不宜配种季节为夏季,其中高温比低温的影响程度更大。     

The effect of melanocortin (Mc3 and Mc4) antagonists on serotonin-induced food and water intake of broiler cockerels

The current study was designed to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular injections of SHU9119 [a nonselective melanocortin receptor (McR) antagonist] and MCL0020 (a selective McR antagonist) on the serotonin-induced eating and drinking responses of broiler cockerels deprived of food for 24 h (FD24). For Experiment 1, the chickens were intracerebroventricularly injected with 2.5, 5, and 10 µg serotonin. In Experiment 2, the chickens received 2 nmol SHU9119 before being injected with 10 µg serotonin. For Experiment 3, the chickens were given 10 µg serotonin after receiving 2 nmol MCL0020, and the level of food and water intake was determined 3 h post-injection. Results of this study showed that serotonin decreased food intake but increased water intake among the FD24 broiler cockerels and that these effects occurred in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of serotonin on food intake was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with SHU9119 and MCL0020. However, the stimulatory effect of serotonin on water intake was not altered by this pretreatment. These results suggest that serotonin hypophagia and hyperdipsia were mediated by different mechanisms in the central nervous system, and that serotonin required downstream activation of McRs to promote hypophagia but not hyperdipsia in the FD24 chickens.     

柞蚕肠液理化性质与饲料效率的相关性研究

对柞蚕肠液的理化性质与饲料效率的相关性进行研究的结果表明 :柞蚕肠液对促进蚕体抗病与消化吸收功能有着重要作用 ,平均每头蚕有肠液 1 76mL ,品种间开差为 0 78mL ,相对开差 5 7 80 % ,肠液量越多 ,饲料效率越高 ;柞蚕不同品种肠液pH平均值未发现明显差异 ,但强健好养饲料效率高的品种个体间开差小 ;柞蚕肠液缓冲力除与品种强健性有关外 ,还与品种的饲料效率呈正相关 ,在强健丰产与高饲料效率品种中 ,肠液恢复pH原值所需时间越短 ,饲料效率越高 ,电刺法取出肠液后 ,肠液恢复缓冲力所需时间是恢复其pH原值时间的 1 8倍多 ,同恢复肠液pH原值所需时间长短与品种强健性和饲料效率的关系完全一致。     

武夷岩茶抑制小鼠增重的试验效果

为探讨武夷岩茶抑制增重的作用,用35只成年小鼠分为对照和试验组,分性别喂养,对照组20只(公15,母5)喂基础饲料和凉开水;试验组15只(公10,母5)在基础饲料内添加30g/kg的武夷岩茶,饮0.5%的茶汤。结果表明,试验前两组鼠体重为19.43g±6.25g和17.83g±3.73g,无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验15d后,对照组体重增加到25.08g±5.67g,增重极显著(P<0.001);而试验组鼠体重为17.37g±3.77g,并未增加,还降低了2.62%。说明食物中添加一定剂量武夷岩茶对小鼠有显著的抑制增重作用。     

The effects of dietary flax oil and antioxidants on ascites and pulmonary hypertension in broilers using a low temperature model

1. Three experiments were conducted using a low temperature model to induce pulmonary hypertension (PH) and ascites in broiler chickens. Diets containing 25 g or 50 g flax oil/kg food and control diets with an equivalent amount of animal/vegetable (A/V) blend oil, with and without supplemental antioxidants (vitamin C and vitamin E) were used. The amount of PH was assessed by the ratio of right ventricle weight to total ventricle weight (RV/TV ratio). Birds were considered to suffer from pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) if the RV/TV ratio was greater than 0.299. 2. In experiment 1, the test diets contained 50 g oil/kg food and were given during the grower period only. Birds fed on the flax oil diet tended to have a lower incidence of PHS, ascites and lower RV/TV ratios than birds fed on the control diet. However, when the flax oil diet was supplemented with antioxidants, the incidence of ascites, PHS, haematocrit and whole blood and plasma viscosity increased compared with birds fed on the flax oil diet without antioxidants. These effects were not seen in experiment 2, when the test diets containing 30 g oil/kg food (25 g flax oil plus 5 g A/V blend oil/kg food compared to 30 g A/V blend oil/kg food) were given during the grower period. However, in experiment 3, when the test diets containing 30 g oil/kg food were given from day 1 to week 8, birds fed on the control diet supplemented with antioxidants had a higher incidence of PHS than those fed on the control diet alone. 3. In all 3 experiments, there was no significant effect of dietary fat source or supplemental antioxidants on total food intake or food conversion. 4. We conclude that diets containing 50 g flax oil/kg food tend to reduce the incidence of PHS and ascites in broilers using a low temperature model but the results were not statistically significant. In some cases, supplementing diets with a combination of vitamin E and vitamin C increased the incidence of ascites and PHS.     

The histamine content of commercial pet foods

The histamine contents of a range of North American commercial pet foods and pet food ingredients were determined by a spectrofluorometric technique. The change in histamine content of open cans of pet food stored in a refrigerator or at room temperature was also investigated. The histamine content of the pet foods examined ranged from a low of 0.16 𝛍g/g in a liquid critical care diet to a high of 65.5 𝛍g/g in a canned fish diet. The amount of histamine in the foods tested was insufficient to cause histamine toxicosis but it cannot be excluded that some of the foods contained sufficient histamine to cause idiosyncratic reactions in histamine-sensitive cats. Storage of opened cans of pet food, either under refrigeration or at room temperature, did not significantly increase the histamine content of most pet foods.     

Effect of clinoptilolite on performance of broiler chickens during experimental aflatoxicosis

1. The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding 2 concentrations of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). Clinoptilolite (CLI), incorporated into the diet at 15 and 25 g/kg, was evaluated for its ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.5 mg total aflatoxin (AF; 76.40% AFB1, 16.12% AFB2, 6.01% AFG1 and 1.47% AFG in diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 d of age. A total of 360 broiler chicks were divided into 6 treatment groups (6 replicates of 10 broilers each): control, AF, CLI (15 g/kg), AF plus CLI (15 g/kg), CLI (25 g/kg), and AF plus CLI (25 g/kg). 2. Compared to controls, the treatment had significantly decreased body weight gain from week 1 onwards. The adverse effect of AF on food consumption (8.0%) and food conversion ratio (8.3%) was also shown over the entire 21-d feeding period. 3. The addition of CLI (15 g/kg) to an AF-containing diet significantly reduced the deleterious effects of AF on food consumption and body weight gain. Food conversion ratio was also slightly improved by adding CLI (15 g/kg) to AF-containing diets. Food consumption, body weight gain and food conversion ratio values were rendered numerically intermediate between AF and control groups by the addition of CLI (25 g/kg) to the AF-containing diet. 4. The addition of CLI (both 15 and 25 g/kg) to the AF-free diet did not produce any significant changes compared with the controls, except for decreased total food consumption in the CLI (25 g/kg)-alone group. 5. These results suggest that CLI (15 g/kg) addition effectively diminished the detrimental effects of AF on the values investigated. Also, the lower dietary concentration of CLI (15 g/kg) was more effective than the greater concentration against the adverse effects of AF on the variables investigated in this study.     

Size of food bowl and scoop affects amount of food owners feed their dogs

The incidence of canine obesity appears to be increasing dramatically and understanding factors impacting the amount of food pet owners provide their dogs may improve weight management. Human research has shown the size of food bowls, plates and utensils can significantly impact the amount of food portioned and consumed. This effect can be attributed to both the Delboeuf optical illusion and the Ebbinghaus-Titchener size-contrast illusion. To investigate the existence of a similar effect with dog owners, 54 dogs and their owners were recruited for a four treatment randomized prospective trial. Owners scooped out a normal kibble-based meal using a small bowl and small scoop, small bowl and large scoop, large bowl and small scoop or a large bowl and large scoop. Each treatment was used once per owner over four visits. Repeated measures anova revealed the mean amount of food portioned using the small bowl and small scoop was significantly less than all other bowl and scoop combinations (150.7 g vs. 171.5 g vs. 172.7 g vs. 184.5 g, p < 0.05). The small bowl and large scoop combination did not differ from large bowl and small scoop (171.5 g vs. 172.7 g, p > 0.05). Owners were more likely to portion a larger amount of food with a large bowl and large scoop. Results are consistent with human data and emphasize the need for owners to use standard measuring cups. Results also suggest owner compliance during weight loss programs may be improved with smaller bowls and serving scoops.     

UPLC-MS/MS法检测动物性食品中肝脏、肾脏组织中氯霉素残留量

建立了动物性食品中肝脏、肾脏组织氯霉素残留检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS／MS）分析方法。样品用β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶酶解后乙酸乙酯提取,C18（500mg／3cc）固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱-串联质谱负离子模式测定,内标法定量。结果表明：氯霉素在0．5～10．0ng／mL的系列浓度范围内均呈良好线性关系,相关系数r均大于0．990。样品中氯霉素的检测限为0．1μg／kg,定量限为0．2μg/kg。本方法氯霉素在0．2、0．4、2μg／kg的添加浓度范围内,平均回收率均为70％～120％,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于20％。该方法具有操作简便快捷、结果灵敏度高、准确度高等优点。     

Dried papaya skin as a dietary ingredient for broiler chickens

The chemical composition of dried papaya (Carica papaya) skin (DPS) was determined and its potential as a dietary ingredient for broiler chickens was investigated at dietary concentrations of 0, 40, 80 and 120g/kg. DPS was found to give similar food consumption, food conversion efficiency, survivability and meat yields (except male liver weight) to a control diet when used up to 120 g/kg of diet. Weight gain tended to increase with dietary concentration of DPS up to 80 g/kg. It was concluded that DPS could safely be used up to 120 g/kg in the diet of broiler chickens.     

Effects of food deprivation and particle size of ground wheat on digestibility of food components in broilers fed on a pelleted diet

The first aim of the experiment was to study the effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum) particle size on the digestibility of starch in a pelleted diet given to broilers. The second aim was to study the consequences of food deprivation before the excreta collection period (from 21 to 24 d). Wheat from a strong hardness cultivar was incorporated at 546.1 g/kg in diets. The other main ingredients were soybean meal (353.5 g/kg) and rapeseed oil (55.0 g/kg). Diets were given as pellets. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 factorial design testing two particle sizes of wheat flour and two procedures of a balance experiment (with or without food deprivation). Birds given diet C (wheat coarse grinding before pelleting) had significantly greater gizzard weight than birds fed on diet F (wheat fine grinding before pelleting). Starch digestibility value was significantly increased when birds were fed on diet F. This effect was halved by food deprivation. No significant effect of grain particle size was observed for protein and lipid digestibility values. However, food deprivation decreased apparent protein digestibility, with an effect which was more pronounced for fine than for coarse grinding. AMEN of the diet was significantly improved by fine grinding of wheat and decreased by food deprivation. However, no significant differences in growth performance were induced by differences in wheat grinding. No significant effect of grinding was observed on the water excretion:feed intake ratio. No significant difference was observed for vent score between treatments. There was over-excretion of starch in the first hours of refeeding following food deprivation.