北京昌平苹果园土壤养分、pH与果实矿质营养的多元分析

2008-2009年,通过对北京昌平34个成龄苹果园土壤养分、pH和果实矿质元素含量的调查和多元统计分析,探讨了果实矿质元素含量最佳的土壤养分含量和pH优化方案.结果表明,土壤有机质与土壤各种养分均呈正相关,土壤养分与果实矿质元素含量的相关性非常弱,单因子相关分析不能揭示土壤养分与果实矿质元素间的关系;典型相关分析表明...     

Empirical analysis and prediction of nitrate loading and crop yield for corn-soybean rotations

Nitrate nitrogen losses through subsurface drainage and crop yield are determined by multiple climatic and management variables. The combined and interactive effects of these variables, however, are poorly understood. Our objective is to predict crop yield, nitrate concentration, drainage volume, and nitrate loss in subsurface drainage from a corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation as a function of rainfall amount, soybean yield for the year before the corn-soybean sequence being evaluated, N source, N rate, and timing of N application in northeastern Iowa, U.S.A. Ten years of data (1994-2003) from a long-term study near Nashua, Iowa were used to develop multivariate polynomial regression equations describing these variables. The regression equations described over 87, 85, 94, 76, and 95% of variation in soybean yield, corn yield, subsurface drainage, nitrate concentration, and nitrate loss in subsurface drainage, respectively. A two-year rotation under average soil, average climatic conditions, and 125 kg N/ha application was predicted to loose 29, 37, 36, and 30 kg N/ha in subsurface drainage for early-spring swine manure, fall-applied swine manure, early-spring UAN fertilizer, and late-spring split UAN fertilizer (urea ammonium nitrate), respectively. Predicted corn yields were 10.0 and 9.7 Mg/ha for the swine manure and UAN sources applied at 125 kg N/ha. Timing of application (i.e., fall or spring) did not significantly affect corn yield. These results confirm other research suggesting that manure application can result in less nitrate leaching than UAN (e.g., 29 vs. 36 kg N/ha), and that spring application reduces nitrate leaching compared to fall application (e.g., 29 vs. 37 kg N/ha). The regression equations improve our understanding of nitrate leaching; offer a simple method to quantify potential N losses from Midwestern corn-soybean rotations under the climate, soil, and management conditions of the Nashua field experiment; and are a step toward development of easy to use N management tools.     

坡面泥石流发生的地貌信息初探——以重庆市北碚区为例

坡面泥石流的发生是地貌信息的综合反映,是地表能量在各种因素影响下的再分配。坡面泥石流堆积物是坡地系统总能量减少的最好证明,堆积物体积的大小与坡面泥石流宽度、坡积物厚度、流域高差、流域狭长度、坡度和沟谷纵比降等地理要素密切相关。本文以北碚区坡面泥石流为例,初步探讨了坡地总能量的减少与各种地貌要素的关系,并通过多元回归的方法求取了坡地总能量减少的回归方程。检验后证明回归系数与0有显著差别,该回归方程有意义。     

Genetic Diversity for Morphological and Quality Traits in Quinoa(<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chenopodium quinoa</Emphasis> Willd.) Germplasm

Twenty nine germplasm lines of Chenopodium quinoa and two of Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae were evaluated for 12 morphological and 7 quality traits for two test seasons. The 19 traits were analyzed for cluster and principal component analysis. The first four PCs contributed 78.70 % of the variability among the germplasm lines. The first PC accounted for 39.5% of the variation and had inflorescence/plant, plant height and stem diameter as the traits with largest coefficients, all with positive sign. The characters with greatest positive weight on PC₂ were days to maturity (0.309), inflorescence length (0.260) and branches/plant. All the germplasm lines were grouped into six clusters based on average linkage method. Cluster III had high values for seed yield and most of the quality traits but showed a small seed size. The dendrogram separated the two lines of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae from the quinoa lines.     

农业推广中达成推广目标的相关研究

分析了现代农业推广的主要模式,对农业推广的主要方法进行了研究.在此基础上归纳总结了农业推广中技术与农民各自的特点.     

Examination of the quality of spinach leaves using hyperspectral imaging

The present research is focused on the application of hyperspectral images for the supervision of quality deterioration in ready to use leafy spinach during storage (Spinacia oleracea). Two sets of samples of packed leafy spinach were considered: (a) a first set of samples was stored at 20 °C (E-20) in order to accelerate the degradation process, and these samples were measured the day of reception in the laboratory and after 2 days of storage; (b) a second set of samples was kept at 10 °C (E-10), and the measurements were taken throughout storage, beginning the day of reception and repeating the acquisition of Images 3, 6 and 9 days later. Twenty leaves per test were analyzed. Hyperspectral images were acquired with a push-broom CCD camera equipped with a spectrograph VNIR (400–1000 nm). Calibration set of spectra was extracted from E-20 samples, containing three classes of degradation: class A (optimal quality), class B and class C (maximum deterioration). Reference average spectra were defined for each class. Three models, computed on the calibration set, with a decreasing degree of complexity were compared, according to their ability for segregating leaves at different quality stages (fresh, with incipient and non-visible symptoms of degradation, and degraded): spectral angle mapper distance (SAM), partial least squares discriminant analysis models (PLS-DA), and a non linear index (Leafy Vegetable Evolution, LEVE) combining five wavelengths were included among the previously selected by CovSel procedure. In sets E-10 and E-20, artificial images of the membership degree according to the distance of each pixel to the reference classes, were computed assigning each pixel to the closest reference class. The three methods were able to show the degradation of the leaves with storage time.     

贵州烤烟常规化学成分与中性香气物质的相关分析

为了摸清贵州烟叶原料质量,提高其可用性,以贵州4个烤烟产区的33个烟叶样品为材料,采用多变量统计分析方法对其常规化学成分与中性香气物质含量的相关性进行分析。结果表明:贵州烤烟常规化学成分在不同地区间存在广泛的差异,但还原糖含量在地区间稳定性较好;常规化学成分和众多香气成分都存在密切相关,其相关系数达到极显著或显著水平;常规化学成分与中性香气物质之间的第Ⅰ典型相关系数(0.911**)达极显著水平,共得到6个与典型变量相关显著的性状,分别为烟碱、钾、美拉德反应产物、芳香族氨酸降解产物含量、糖碱比和氮碱比。     

大学校园绿地土壤质量分析与综合评价

以江苏师范大学泉山校区内3个不同功能区的绿地土壤为研究对象,采用多元统计的主成份分析方法计算得出土壤质量因子4个主成份,再借助SPSS统计软件得出土壤质量指标权重值及其方差极大旋转后主成份因子得分,最后计算综合评价得分。结果表明:该校区绿地土壤质量情况总体上为中等,其中以校园生活区内的绿地土壤质量综合水平最高,实验区次之,教学区最低。     

云南施甸烟区植烟土壤肥力综合评价

利用模糊数学原理和多元统计方法对云南施甸县烤烟种植区的肥力状况进行了分析与综合评价,结果表明:土壤平均pH值较高,为7.13,宜植烟土壤占总数的56.86%;有机质平均含量为31.08 g/kg,宜植烟土壤占总数的71.57%;碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效硼、有效锌、水溶性氯平均含量分别为107.23、21.56、251.81、0.46、1.79、16.65 mg/kg,交换性镁的平均含量为1.04 cmol/kg。全县土壤肥力综合指标值存在较大差异,变幅为0.302～0.831,平均为0.600,变异系数为19.00%,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级土壤分别占总数的22.55%、40.20%、28.43%、8.82%,水长、由旺、万兴烟区的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级土壤比例合计均达100%,甸阳的最低,为80%。施甸县烤烟种植区的土壤肥力综合指标值较高,但不同地块的养分含量差异较大,应适量施用有机肥、微量元素肥料。     

浙江省医药卫生科技人员对科技查新信息的利用

采用自行设计的调查问卷对浙江省20多家医疗卫生单位的科技人员对查新咨询信息的利用情况及其影响因素进行了调查,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析法分析了查新咨询信息利用的影响因素,提出了提高查新咨询信息利用水平的对策。