金钱松小卷蛾性信息素的应用

为用我们实验室合成的金钱松小卷蛾性信息素来防治大面积金钱松林中的小卷蛾,采用了2种方法:1大量诱捕在约20hm2的试验林中,设置了2200个信息素诱捕器,每晚每器最多可诱捕雄蛾1000多头;2干扰交配在约4hm2的试验林中,设置了约4000个信息素干扰源,以破坏两性间的信息交流,从而阻止交配.结果表明:在同一地点,处理前和处理后诱捕器诱捕雄蛾的数量有明显差异(P=2.711>Ta);在同一时间,处理区和对照区诱捕雄蛾的数量更有显著差异(P=3.019>Ta);雄蛾辨识雌蛾方向的能力已受到严重干扰,说明用性信息素防治金钱松小卷蛾是切实可行的.     

施放生物定时水对造林地水分动态影响的研究

根据实地测定和前人研究成果,分析了施放生物定时水后土壤含水率、土壤水分蒸发、土壤水分渗漏及植物水分吸收关系,推导出造林植物需补充水量的公式,为生物定时水的造林应用提供理论依据。     

水产养殖中使用氰化钠毒杀敌害生物对海洋生态环境影响的探讨

在水产养殖中,氰化物被用于毒杀敌害生物,但有关使用氰化物对海洋生态环境影响鲜有报道。本文从氰化钠在海洋环境中的迁移转化,对生物体的毒性效应,对生态系统的影响等方面进行探讨,研究表明:在水产养殖中合理使用氰化钠,对生态环境和人类健康不会造成有害的影响。     

The effect of different HUFA enrichment emulsions on the nutritional value of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) fed to larval haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).

A feeding study was conducted in the winter 2001 to determine the effects of feeding rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) enriched with various levels of essential fatty acids on the growth and survival of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Rotifer enrichment treatments were: 1) mixed algae, 2) high DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), 3) high DHA and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), and 4) DHA, EPA, and AA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6). Larvae were fed rotifers enriched with the different treatments from days 1 to 16 post-hatch. From day 17 until 25 all treatment groups were fed rotifers reared on mixed algae and then weaned onto the International Council for Exploration of the SEA (ICES) Standard Reference Weaning diet (http://allserv.rug.ac.t/aquaculture/rend/rend.htm) over a five day period. The experiment was terminated on day 41 post-hatch. The enrichment treatments affected the fatty acid composition of the rotifers and correlated with the accumulation of these fatty acids in the haddock larvae. However, no significant differences in larval growth or survival to 40 days post hatch were detected, suggesting that all treatments provided the minimal essential fatty acid requirements for haddock.     

Testing a depth‐based Habitat Classification System against reef fish assemblage patterns in a subtropical marine park

• 1. The Solitary Islands Marine Park (SIMP) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, has strong cross‐shelf patterns of reef fish assemblages on shallow reefs (<25 m). While the SIMP also contains reef at depths of up to 75 m, marine communities below 25 m are poorly described. The Habitat Classification System (HCS) used for planning the arrangement of zones in this marine park included three depth categories for reef: shallow (<25 m); intermediate (25–60 m); and deep (>60 m). However, these had not been tested to determine if they adequately reflect biotic patterns.
• 2. Using baited remote underwater video (BRUV), fish assemblages were surveyed at 56 sites spread across shallow, intermediate, and deep reefs within the SIMP to examine spatial variation between depth categories. Relationships between assemblage patterns, depth, and four additional factors considered likely to affect assemblage patterns (distance from shore, reef type, dominant benthos, and latitude), were subsequently explored using multivariate statistical methods.
• 3. Reef fish assemblages differed significantly among the depth categories. Assemblage patterns for fish were strongly correlated with depth and moderately correlated with the dominant benthic assemblage. Correlations with the other factors were generally weak. Three distinct assemblages occurred on reefs <25 m, 25–50 m and >50 m. Shallow (<25 m) reefs also displayed strong cross‐shelf patterns, supporting the results from other studies. Weaker cross‐shelf patterns were evident at intermediate depths (25–50 m).
• 4. Depth‐based and cross‐shelf categories are clearly fundamental components for a HCS that will adequately represent reef fish assemblages for conservation planning in the SIMP. Further refining the depth criteria for the intermediate/deep boundary (to 50 m) improves this representation. Further research is required to determine the wider application of the refined HCS to other marine parks in NSW and to determine how well it represents other components of biodiversity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

     

Cryopreservation of marine microalgae and potential toxicity of cryoprotectants to the primary steps of the aquacultural food chain

Cryopreservation, a technique of high potential for culture collections, might offer a solution for reliable supply of microalgae in aquaculture units. Marine microalgae used in aquaculture were cryopreserved under 4, −20 and −80 °C using common cryoprotectants (methanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)) with promising results for Chlorella minutissima, Chlorella stigmatophora, Isochrysis galbana and Dunaliella tertiolecta. As cryoprotectants usually are toxic above certain concentrations and exposure time, and assuming that low amounts of cryoprotectants will remain in regenerated cultures, an experimental scheme was employed to explore the lower limits of safety for these algae and their primary consumers in hatchery food chains. Results showed that methanol was well tolerated by C. stigmatophora and D. tertiolecta up to a concentration of 1.6% (v/v) while I. galbana could not survive in culture at any concentration and C. minutissima exhibited some 30% of the control's yield at 0.2%. DMSO was highly tolerated up to 1.0% by all strains with the Chlorella strains surviving well up to 2%. Propylene glycol was not only tolerated up to 8% by Dunaliella but induced mixotrophic growth as well, while for Isochrysis it was lethal at any concentration. Among zooplanktonic consumers, brine shrimp Artemia nauplii could tolerate very high concentrations of the tested cryoprotectants, the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was found sensitive to low amounts of PVP, while the nauplii of the shrimp Penaeus japonicus and the crab Eriocheir sinensis were in general very sensitive to all cryoprotectants and in several cases to much lower amounts than 1%. However, as long as the residues of cryoprotectants are kept below 1% in the regenerated cultures, there will be no problem with the animal consumers.     

1999～2005年浙江省海水养殖生物死亡原因分析

近年来,浙江省海水养殖业迅速增长,2003年、2004年海水养殖产量分别比上一年增加7.9%和1.2%,产量分别为9.184×106t和9.294×106t。但是在养殖规模不断扩大,养殖产量不断增加的同时,养殖生物死亡事故也不断发生,根据《中国渔业生态环境状况公报(2004年),》2004年浙江省发生海水     

16S rRNA在海洋微生物系统分子分类鉴定及分子检测中的应用

16SrRNA序列分析作为微生物系统分类的主要依据已得到了广泛认同，随着微生物核糖体RNA数据库的日臻完善，该技术成为细菌分类和鉴定的一个有力工具。本文总结了16SrRNA作为海洋微生物系统分子分类鉴定的理论基础和具体方法，分析了用16SrRNA研究海洋微生物的进化关系，并且对16SrRNA在海洋微生物分子检测中的应用作一评述。     

黄河口附近海域海洋生物体中石油烃总量变化的研究

在海洋污染中，石油污染是一个主要方面。近年来，随着沿海石油的勘探和开采，石油污染对海洋资源的危害日趋严重。本文就黄河口附近海域海洋生物体内石油烃含量及其相互关系进行了探讨。结果表明，各种海洋生物肌肉中石油烃含量依次为：双壳类＞头足类＞甲壳类＞鱼类，季节和个体大小及不同区域对石油烃含量也有一定的影响。