不同因子对花鲈胚胎干细胞增殖的影响

胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)是从动物早期发育胚胎中分离出来的具有发育全能性的一种未分化细胞系。维持花鲈胚胎干细胞(LJES1)的体外生长、增殖及未分化状态需要在培养基中添加一些生长因子。实验通过配制省略1种或多种因子的培养基PESM0～10，计数LJES1细胞在各培养基中增殖的数量，确定各种生长因子对LJES1细胞的增殖作用。同时，对LIF因子和bFGF因子的作用进行了重点的研究，发现LIF因子对早期的LJES1细胞增殖几乎没有作用，其主要作用是维持LJES1细胞的未分化状态，但对晚期LJES1细胞的增殖有一定的作用；bFGF因子对LJES1细胞有强烈的刺激增殖的作用；鲈鱼胚胎抽提液(PEE)以及鲈鱼血清(FS)也促进了LJES1细胞的增殖，2-巯基乙醇(2-ME)具有还原血清中的含硫化合物、防止过氧化物对LJES1细胞的损害及促进贴壁的作用，因而也促进了LJES1细胞的增殖。     

鲈细菌性类结节病的病原及血液病理研究

2002年5月从患细菌性类结节病的濒死鲈体内分离到一株细菌02517-1，经人工感染试验及API 20E系统鉴定，认为该病原菌为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)。血液生理生化指标检测显示，与健康鱼相比，患病鱼的红细胞、白细胞、血糖、蛋白质、尿素、胆固醇等显著下降，而谷丙转氨酶ALT、谷草转氨酶AST、乳酸脱氢酶LDH等血清酶类活性增强，说明经嗜水气单胞菌感染后，鲈在营养物质代谢、抗病力、消化、呼吸、排泄等方面的生理功能受到严重损害。药敏实验结果表明：复方新诺明、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、氟哌酸等4种化学疗剂及地榆、乌梅、木瓜、五味子等4种中草药对该种病原菌有较强的抑菌作用。     

鲈鱼与养生

在广泛文献检索基础上,对鲈鱼的种属、营养成分、养生价值、代表性膳食及食用注意事项进行了概述,以期为全民养生保健提供科学资料。     

环境胁迫对许氏平鲉和花鲈血糖、血沉降的影响

研究了运输、温度和空气暴露胁迫对许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)和花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)血液生化指标的影响。60min长途运输使许氏平鲉和花鲈的血糖含量都有所上升，其中许氏平鲉的血糖含量在运输后24h基本恢复到正常水平，而花鲈的血糖水平在168h后可恢复到稳定状态。季节温度变化是引起春冬两季许氏平鲉血糖水平在经运输胁迫后产生差异的主要原因，春季(4月)经运输胁迫后鱼体血糖含量约为冬季(11月)的1．4倍。在温度梯度实验中，设定不同温度组(10℃、15℃、20℃、23．5℃、26℃)检测许氏平鲉血糖和血沉降的变化，血糖值出现峰值，而血沉降则随温度升高一直表现出上升趋势。在温度梯度实验基础上进行的空气暴露实验中，各胁迫组的血糖含量升高，血沉降轻微降低但整体变化趋势与温度梯度实验结果相似。     

应用间接荧光抗体技术快速检测花鲈病原菌——鳗弧菌

以花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus)弧菌病的病原菌-鳗弧菌（Vibrio anguillarum)W-1为抗原，制备兔抗血清；利用异硫氰酸荧光素标记的羊抗兔免疫球蛋白（FITC-IgG）为荧光标记二抗，并以罗丹明标记的牛血清白蛋白为背景染色，建立检测鳗弧菌的间接荧光抗体快速检测技术。应用该技术对人工感染后的花鲈组织（肌肉、鳃、肠、肾）样品和养殖水体样品进行了鳗弧菌检测，结果显示间接荧光抗体技术不仅可以用于诊断发病的感染花鲈，也可用于检测带菌状态或未发病的感染花鲈。     

Development of an interspecific Vigna linkage map between Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi and V. nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi and its use in analysis of bruchid resistance and comparative genomics

To facilitate transfer of bruchid resistance to azuki bean (Vigna angularis) from its relatives an interspecific mapping population was made between rice bean, V. umbellata, and the related wild species V. nakashimae. The V. umbellata parent is completely resistant and V. nakashimae is completely susceptible to the bruchid beetle pests, azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) and cowpea weevil (C. maculatus). There is very low cross compatibility between V. umbellata and azuki bean. Therefore, V. nakashimae, that crosses with both V. umbellata and V. angularis without the need for embryo rescue, is used as a bridging species. A genetic linkage map was constructed based on an interspecific F₂ mapping population between V. umbellata and V. nakashimae consisting of 74 plants. A total of 175 DNA marker loci (74 RFLPs and 101 SSRs) were mapped on to 11 linkage groups spanning a total length of 652 cM. Segregation distortion was observed but only three markers were not linked to any linkage group due to severe segregation distortion. This interspecific genome map was compared with the genome map of azuki bean. Of 121 common markers on the two maps, 114 (94.2%) were located on the same linkage groups in both maps. The marker order was highly conserved between the two genome maps. Fifty F₂ plants that produced sufficient seeds were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and locating gene(s) for C. chinensis and C. maculatus resistance in V. umbellata. The resistance reaction of these F₂ plants differed between C. chinensis and C. maculatus. Both resistances were quantitatively inherited with no F₂ plants completely susceptible to C. chinensis or C. maculatus. One putative QTL for resistance to each of these bruchid species was located on different linkage groups. Other putative QTLs associated with resistance to both C. chinensis and C. maculatus were localized on the same linkage group 1. Linked markers associated with the bruchid‐resistant QTL will facilitate their transfer to azuki bean breeding lines.     

花[鱼骨]耗氧率和窒息点的初步研究

实验测定了花的耗氧率和窒息点,并对耗氧率的昼夜变化规律以及体重对其窒息点的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在实验温度(10~25℃)条件下,花的耗氧率随温度的升高而增大,随体重的增加而降低;耗氧率(R0)与温度(T)和体重(W)的二元线形回归方程是:R0=0.022T-0.001W-0.05,复相关系数为0.926,F检验表明,花的耗氧率与温度和体重之间有极显著复相关关系;花的耗氧率具有昼夜节律性,耗氧高峰出现在凌晨3:00,低谷是在上午11:00;花的窒息点与体重显著相关,窒息点A(mg/L)与体重W(g)的相关关系表示为:A=0.2671W0.2801,随体重的增加而升高。     

不同淡水鱼类游泳速度的初步研究

以鲫[Carassius auratus(Linnaeus)]、鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)、鳜鱼(siniperca chuatsi)、罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)等4种淡水鱼类为研究对象,利用新型渔用循环水槽测量其临界游速和爆发游速。试验结果表明:水温在20.50±1.00℃,体长为16.88±1.99 cm的鲫相对临界游速为7.69±0.59 BL/s,相对爆发游速为8.64±0.60 BL/s;水温在13.02±1.00℃,体长为31.85±2.89 cm的鲈鱼相对临界游速为2.10±0.14 BL/s,相对爆发游速为2.37±0.11BL/s;水温在18.52±1.00℃,体长为29.46±1.79 cm的鳜鱼相对临界游速为2.50±0.19 BL/s,相爆发游速为4.38±0.24 BL/s;水温在15.57±1.00℃,体长为22.56±2.26 cm的罗非鱼相对临界游速为5.33±0.29 BL/s,相对爆发游速为6.00±0.40 BL/s。     

不同蛋白质源对草鱼和花鲈肉质影响的比较研究

本试验旨在比较不同蛋白质源对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)及花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicas)体成分、肌肉游离氨基酸组成及鱼片质构特性的影响。设计草鱼和花鲈饲料各3种,分别等氮等能。3种草鱼试验饲料分别为以鱼粉为唯一蛋白质源的CI-FM组(对照组),以混合植物蛋白质(豆粕和大豆浓缩蛋白)替代80%鱼粉的CI-PPB80组及以混合植物蛋白质替代100%鱼粉的CI-PPB100组。3种花鲈试验饲料分别为以鱼粉为唯一蛋白质源的LJ-FM组(对照组),以混合植物蛋白质(棉籽浓缩蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白)替代50%鱼粉的LJ-PPB50组和以混合植物蛋白质替代100%鱼粉的LJ-PPB100组。草鱼初始体重为(153.40±0.30)g,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼;花鲈初始体重为(12.97±0.03)g,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复25尾鱼。饲喂8周后,检测2种试验鱼的体成分、肌肉游离氨基酸含量及鱼片质构特性、剪切力、滴水损失及胶原蛋白含量。结果表明:与CI-FM组相比,CI-PPB100组草鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量显著降低(P0.05),粗灰分含量显著升高(P0.05);而花鲈肌肉粗脂肪含量则随替代水平的升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,表现为LJ-PPB50组显著高于LJ-PPB100组(P0.05)。草鱼肌肉总游离氨基酸及生物胺前体含量各组间无显著差异(P0.05);随着替代水平的升高,花鲈肌肉总游离氨基酸及呈味氨基酸含量显著降低(P0.05),生物胺前体含量显著升高(P0.05)。2种试验鱼肌肉中存在各自的特异性成分。2种试验鱼生、熟鱼片的质构特性差异较大。草鱼的CI-FM组和花鲈的LJ-FM组生鱼片的硬度、黏性、咀嚼力、回弹力及剪切力均分别显著高于同鱼种的其他2组(P0.05)。对于熟鱼片,草鱼的CI-PPB80组内聚力显著高于其他2组(P0.05),其他各项指标各组间无显著差异(P0.05);花鲈的LJ-PPB100组硬度及黏附性显著高于LJ-FM组(P0.05),其他各项指标各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。根据结果,混合植物蛋白质替代鱼粉后降低了草鱼和花鲈鱼体脂肪的蓄积,对草鱼肌肉总游离氨基酸含量不造成影响,使花鲈肌肉呈味氨基酸含量下降,必需氨基酸含量减少,生物胺前体含量升高,货架期缩短;高植物蛋白质源饲料使得草鱼和花鲈的肉质均出现明显下降,而高鱼粉饲料可以保证2种试验鱼有较高的肉质。     

Pond culture of snakehead in Hong Kong: a case study of an economic solution to common resources

This article records the trade practice and culture cycle of Ophiocephalus maculatus (snakeheads) as adopted by a fish farm at Ngau Tam Mei, the New Territories, Hong Kong. This farm is one of the few remaining local enterprises that have the skills to spawn this labyrinth fish. Documentation is timely not only because there has been great demand for the transfer of culture technology (spawning) to China, but also because the species may become extinct with the demise of the culture business through urbanization. The discussion throws light on the effectiveness and limitations of the institutions of private rights as a means of conserving common resources.