基于MapGis的基本农田信息提取方法研究

基本农田上图工作是全国第二次土地调查工作的重要组成部分。以MapGis为平台，以基本农田上图方法中的判读转绘法为基础，重点介绍基本农田信息提取的3种实现方法，分别是删除图斑法、提取边界线法、提取图斑法，以保证数据的完整性及准确性。     

托克逊县土地利用动态变化研究

在GIS技术支持下，利用研究区1996年与2009年的2期遥感影像数据，采用土地利用动态度模型、土地利用程度综合指数模型和土地利用转移矩阵对托克逊县近13a土地利用动态特征进行定量分析，总结出托克逊县近13a土地利用变化的特点及原因，提出托克逊县合理用地的对策。     

Improving cover and management factor (C-factor) estimation using remote sensing approaches for tropical regions

The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)'s cover and management factor (C-factor) is one of the most difficult factors to obtain, mainly because long-term monitoring soil erosion plots under natural rainfall are needed. Therefore, remote sensing approaches have been used as an alternative for obtaining this factor. However, there is a lack of studies comparing values of this factor computed from remote sensing approaches with measured data. In this study, we compare two widely used remote sensing approaches (C_rA and C_VK) to estimate the C-factor based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with the literature (C_LIT) and field experimental data. We also investigated the influence of C-factor methods on the prediction of soil loss and sediment yield (SY) using measured data in the Guariroba basin, Central-West Brazil. We obtained mean C-factor values of 0.032, 0.023 and 0.137 for C_LIT, C_rA and C_VK, respectively. We found an average annual soil loss of 2.20 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, 2.02 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and 10.07 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and SY values of 6875 t yr⁻¹, 6468 t yr⁻¹ and 33,435 t yr¹, for C_LIT, C_rA and C_VK, respectively. Our results indicated a significant improvement in soil loss and SY estimations by using the C_rA approach developed for tropical regions, with a bias of 13% to the measured SY (5709 t yr⁻¹). We conclude that the C_rA method present the most suitable alternative to compute soil loss and SY in tropical regions. Furthermore, this approach allows large-scale evaluation and temporal monitoring, therefore enhancing multi spatial and temporal assessment of soil erosion processes.     

基于GIS的乌鲁木齐市城市荒山建设用地适宜性评价

为了评估荒山土地用作建设用地的适宜性程度,以乌鲁木齐市荒山为例,应用修正的多因子综合评价模型,采用Arc GIS 10.0的空间分析模块,综合考虑了坡度、坡向、交通等多项因子,并对不同因子赋予权重进行叠加,得到适宜性评价结果。结果显示:1前期资料收集的完整性对评价单元的划分和评价方法的选择影响很大。2地质和地貌条件对荒山建设用地适宜性评价具有重要影响。3不可用于建设用地的面积比重最大,占总面积的54.90%,不宜建设用地的比重占总面积的20.52%,可用于建设用地开发的面积,仅为4.39%,适宜建设用地占总面积的20.19%。评价结果可为乌鲁木齐市建设用地提供更多选择。     

退耕还林对经济社会影响评价的研究

退耕还林推行10年以来,学术界、政界对项目的经济社会影响评价的讨论及争论越来越激烈。本文基于对整个领域研究进展了解,分别从数据、方法及结论等方面对Yao（2010）、Liu（2010）以及Uchita（2009）3篇文献进行简要述评。指出非农就业、农户增收不能单纯通过退耕还林本身实现,而要从思路和技术上跳出仅仅围绕退耕户或者退耕地来讨论项目经济社会影响的局限,并指出了未来可能的研究方向及政策建议。     

The influence of input data quality in determining areas suitable for crop growth at the global scale – a comparative analysis of two soil and climate datasets

The assessment of biophysical crop suitability requires datasets on soil and climate. In this study, we investigated the differences in topsoil properties for the dominant soil mapping units between two global soil datasets. We compared the ISRIC World Soil Information Center’s World Inventory of Soil Emissions Potential 5 by 5 arc min Soil Map of the World (ISRIC‐WISE 5by5 SMW ) with the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) in 0.5 arc min. We also incorporated annual mean temperature and mean precipitation from two global climate datasets that were the WorldClim measurement‐based climate dataset and the Kiel Climate Model (KCM) modelled results of global climate from 1960 to 1990. We then applied a fuzzy logic approach using different combinations and resolutions of the datasets to determine the effects on the extent and distribution of suitable areas for 15 crops. We only used the spatially dominant soil class in the mapping units in the soil databases (resampled to the same resolution of 5 arc min), and we found that the estimates of topsoil properties (0–20 cm in ISRIC‐WISE and 0–30 cm in HWSD) of the seven analysed parameters were up to 40% lower in most of the HWSD than in the ISRIC‐WISE 5by5 SMW. Results from the KCM are 0.1 °C (1%) lower in mean global annual temperature and 20% higher in average global annual precipitation compared with the WorldClim data. The HWSD‐based runs resulted in 10% less crop‐suitable land than the ISRIC‐WISE 5by5 SMW‐based results. The KCM simulations predicted 1% less crop‐suitable land than the WorldClim model. Despite generalizations, our results demonstrate that discrepancies in crop suitable areas are largely due to the differences in the soil databases rather than to climate.     

开发适宜性视角的农业文化遗产地旅游资源评价框架——以浙江省庆元县为例

旅游资源评价是农业文化遗产旅游开发与有效保护的前提,评价结果对于遗产地资源管理与可持续利用具有重要影响。文章基于农业文化遗产旅游资源的开发适宜性视角,从资源要素价值、时间适宜性和空间适宜性3个维度,选取历史文化价值、艺术观赏价值、科学研究价值、自然环境、资源规模潜力、游客舒适度和交通可达性7个层面的15个指标,通过层次分析法和熵值法确定组合权重,运用多因子加权评价模型和GIS空间分析方法,并以浙江省庆元县香菇文化系统为例,对农业文化遗产旅游资源进行评价。结果表明:庆元县农业文化遗产旅游资源开发适宜性空间上总体呈"中间高,四周低"的格局。其中,中部地区的松原镇、五大堡乡、四山乡、贤良镇和百山祖乡的旅游资源优势突出,是开发潜力最大的地区;南部地区的安南乡、举水乡、岭头乡和龙溪乡尽管形成了一定规模的自然旅游资源,但由于交通可达性较差,降低了旅游开发适宜度;东部地区的左溪镇、官塘乡和江根乡可供开发的旅游资源较少,因而旅游开发适宜度不高。从时间分布上看,春末(4月和5月)及秋季(10月)是庆元香菇文化资源旅游开发的最佳时期。为增强南部和东部地区旅游资源开发的适宜度,建议进一步加强该区的交通基础设施建设,提高区域之间的交通通达度;同时,采取多种资源组合的开发方式,增加游客的适游时间。基于开发适宜性视角构建农业文化遗产旅游资源评价框架,可为农业文化遗产地旅游资源价值分析、旅游开发实践提供理论支撑和方法指导。     

基于SuperMapIS.NET的地价动态监测系统及其WEB服务平台开发

从分析现有地价监测系统中存在的问题出发,提出基于SuperMapIS.NET进行地价动态监测系统及其WEB服务平台的设计与开发的原则、系统的功能设计、数据处理流程设计、数据组织结构设计,利用建立的地价监测系统对徐州市2011年第3季度的地价进行动态监测与基准地价更新工作,结果表明该系统可靠、稳定、适应性较强。     

Impacts of agricultural land use changes on pesticide use in French agriculture

Public policies seeking to regulate pesticide use must be based on a clear identification of the factors influencing such use. Since the agricultural use of pesticides is primarily crop-dependent, agricultural land use change is potentially an important driver of the overall level of pesticide use in a given country. In this paper, we investigate the influence of agricultural land use changes on pesticide use in French agriculture over the period 1989–2013, during which important changes in the Common Agricultural Policy took place. Toward that end, we developed a method allowing the direct effects of agricultural land use changes to be disentangled from other factors affecting the intensity of pesticide use. On the basis of standard protection programs defined by crop protection experts, a fixed pesticide use intensity is estimated for 19 annual and perennial crops representing 90% of French arable land area and the bulk of pesticide use in French agriculture. These coefficients, combined with national agricultural land use statistics, are used to construct an artificial index of pesticide use in France whose variations depend solely on changes in agricultural land use. This index is calculated over the period 1989–2013. Our results indicate that the direct impacts of agricultural land use changes on pesticide use in France have varied depending on the time period considered, reflecting the influence of public regulations, notably the compulsory set-aside policy in force during the 1990s, and market conditions, particularly the context of high prices for cereal grains at the end of the 2000s. Over the six years from 2008 to 2013, this index is roughly constant, indicating that the 17% increase in French pesticide use in 2013 compared to 2008 (as assessed from annual pesticide sales) cannot be even partially attributed to agricultural land use changes. Since 2000, land use changes mainly corresponded to substitutions between crops with similar per-hectare pesticide use intensities, and/or to substitutions with counterbalancing impacts on these intensities. A prospective approach shows that other types of land use changes (e.g. a massive conversion of grassland to arable land or, conversely, a strong diversification of arable crop rotations), could have much higher impacts on pesticide use, with the effect of either offsetting or reinforcing efforts to reduce pesticide use intensity in arable crops. Thus, better coordination is needed between public policies aimed at regulating pesticide use and public policies influencing land use.     

论中国土地征用制度的构建

论述了土地征用的内涵,并与土地征收作了对比,针对土地征用的适用情况和程序提出了建议.