Cu^2＋胁迫下一氧化氮对小白菜生长状况及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

以四季小白菜为试材,研究了Cu^2＋胁迫下一氧化氮对小白菜生长状况及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明：Cu^2＋胁迫使小白菜生长受到抑制,Fv／Fm和ФPSⅡ降低;Cu^2＋浓度为100—1000μmol／L时,300μmol／L硝普钠能缓解Cu^2＋胁迫对小白菜造成的伤害。     

一株抗铜细菌的分离及其生物学特性的初步研究

[目的]从受铜污染的土壤中分离抗铜细菌。[方法]采集玉林市受铜污染的土壤9份,在培养基中加入不同浓度的Cu^2＋,经过不断的分离和驯化筛选耐铜细菌,根据其形态特征和生理生化特征进行初步鉴定,并对其生物学特性进行了初步研究,包括生长曲线的测定、pH值和渗透压对其生长的影响;采用原子吸收分光光度法检测培养时间和pH值对该菌株去除Cu^2＋能力的影响。[结果]在玉林市德兴造纸厂排污口附近的土壤中筛选出一株耐铜细菌。编号为RCBl,其耐Cu^2＋水平迭500mg／L;根据其形态和生理生化特征初步鉴定该菌为生丝微菌属Hyphomicrobium;该茵在pH4～8生长良好,其中最适生长pH为6．0—7．2,在1％NaCI下生长良好。该菌株在培养24h、pH为7时,Cu^2＋去除率达到76％。[结论]不仅丰富了抗铜微生物方面的研究,也为铜污染水、土壤修复等工业化生产提供了重要菌株。     

铜完全抗原的合成·鉴定及单克隆抗体的制备

[目的]获得抗Cu2＋的单克隆抗体。[方法]以异硫氰酸苄基乙二胺四乙酸（ITCBE）为双功能螯合剂,使Cu2＋分别与载体蛋白牛血清白蛋白（BSA）、卵清蛋白（OVA）偶联,获得免疫原（Cu-ITCBE-BSA）和检测原（Cu-ITCBE-OVA）。用非变性聚丙烯凝胶电泳鉴定偶联结果。免疫Balb/C小鼠,通过细胞融合,获得能稳定分泌抗Cu2＋的杂交瘤细胞株,并通过亲和层析法纯化腹水获得抗Cu2＋的单克隆抗体。[结果]获得了1株能稳定分泌抗Cu2＋的单克隆抗体的细胞株（4A6）,所分泌的抗体亚类为IgG1,细胞培养上清效价可达1∶1.0×103,腹水效价可达1∶6.4×105。以该细胞株接种Balb/C小鼠腹腔,获得抗Cu2＋的腹水型单抗;该腹水经过亲和层析法纯化后,纯度可达95%。[结论]获得了抗Cu2＋的单克隆抗体,为环境水样中Cu2＋的免疫学检测奠定基础。     

吡啶硫酮铜悬浮剂的研制及其防霉效果

通过吡啶硫酮铜悬浮剂的研制,进行室内木材防霉试验,探究吡啶硫酮铜悬浮剂对常见木腐菌的防治效果。结果表明:20%吡啶硫酮铜悬浮剂较好的润湿、分散剂为602#、33#、500#,产品的各项指标都能够达到悬浮剂的要求。防霉试验结果表明:吡啶硫酮铜浓度为1%左右时对3种霉菌(烟曲霉、可可球二孢、产紫青霉)具有比较好的防治效力。     

膨润土对铜污染土壤酶活性的影响

为了研究膨润土对铜污染土壤的修复机理,通过油菜盆栽试验研究了粘土矿物膨润土对铜污染土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：随着铜污染程度的增加,土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、硝酸还原酶的活性都受到不同程度的抑制。膨润土的施加能显著提高铜污染的土壤酶活性,土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、硝酸还原酶的活性分别提高了6.4%~15.4%、4.0%~19.3%、1.26%~1.85%和4.6%~10.9%,且对4种酶活性的增加幅度为：碱性磷酸酶>脲酶>硝酸还原酶>过氧化氢酶,并表现出在高污染下对土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的增幅大于低浓度污染,在低浓度污染下对土壤过氧化氢酶和硝酸还原酶的增幅大于高浓度铜污染。说明膨润土对铜污染的土壤有一定的修复能力。     

铜胁迫对绿豆幼苗生理指标的影响

[目的]研究铜胁迫对绿豆幼苗生理指标的影响。[方法]以不同浓度的铜溶液为培养液,研究Cu2+对绿豆幼苗活性氧清除系统及叶绿素含量的影响。[结果]当Cu2+浓度在0~70 mg/L梯度内,绿豆幼苗的SOD活性、POD活性和叶绿素均呈先上升后下降的趋势,当Cu2+浓度为50 mg/L时,SOD活性和POD活性为最大值,随着浓度增大,活性下降;低浓度Cu2+促进叶绿素的合成,当Cu2+浓度为20 mg/L时,绿豆幼苗叶绿素含量最高,随着浓度增大,叶绿素含量明显下降。[结论]铜胁迫明显影响活性氧清除酶系统,导致绿豆幼苗活性氧代谢失调。     

石英砂-腐殖酸-Cupriavidus gilardii CR3复合体对铜离子的吸附特性及机理研究

[目的]研究pH、初始铜离子浓度和吸附时间对石英砂-腐殖酸-Cupriavidus gilardii CR3复合体吸附铜离子的影响。[方法]利用等温吸附模型和动力学模型拟合试验数据,通过测定复合体吸附铜离子前后的Zeta电位、扫描电子显微镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR),研究吸附剂对铜离子的吸附特性及机理。[结果]pH是影响吸附能力的主要因素,静电作用可使复合体表面负电荷增多,提高吸附量。在最适pH(5.0)下,复合体对铜离子的最大吸附量为13.08 mg/g。复合体对铜离子的吸附过程符合化学单分子吸附的Langmuir模型和二级动力学模型。[结论]该研究认为静电作用和单分子化学吸附是石英砂-腐殖酸-Cupriavidus gilardii CR3复合体吸附铜离子的主要机制。     

Serum enzyme status of Chios ewes fed increasing amounts of copper from copper sulfate

This study aimed to evaluate effects of orally administered copper (Cu) to Chios sheep breed on serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), l-alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate deydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in order to establish a practical and effective method in diagnosing the prehemolytic stage of chronic Cu poisoning. Eighteen ewes were allocated to three treatments of six ewes and fed a diet that contained 16.4 mg/day of Cu. Ewes in treatment Cu-0 received no additional Cu (control), while those in treatments Cu-60 and Cu-95 received 60 and 95 mg additional Cu/day, respectively, as an oral solution of copper sulfate. Therefore the ewes in treatment Cu-0, Cu-60 and Cu-95 consumed 16.4, 76.4 and 111.4 mg Cu/day, respectively. Serum enzyme levels were similar among treatments and all ewes remained clinically healthy until the end of the experiment. Results suggest that Chios ewes exhibit tolerance to Cu supplementation for up to 6 weeks.     

Effects of Long-Term Inorganic and Organic Fertilization on Soil Micronutrient Status

Soil micronutrients were studied on loess soil with an 18-year long-term experiment. The results indicated that total soil iron and copper contents were similar under all treatments, but total soil manganese and zinc contents were significantly greater at the surface soil in the fertilized plots than in the controls, and total manganese contents were significantly greater in the whole soil profile under manure plus inorganic fertilizers than under controls. Generally, application of inorganic fertilizers had no effects on available soil micronutrient contents. The straw plus inorganic fertilizers significantly increased available manganese content at surface soil and available iron in subsurface soils. However, manure plus inorganic fertilizers significantly augmented soil-available iron contents throughout the profile, and raised available manganese, copper, and zinc contents, respectively, at surface soil relative to controls. The results suggest that long-term input of organic amendments alter the properties of soil and increase its plant-available micronutrient contents.     

The effect of residual copper levels on the nutrition and yield of oats grown in microplots on three organic soils

Abstract

Oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Garry) were grown in microplots of three organic soils at site A (peat), site B (muck) and site C (mucky peat) in the summer of 1983. The soil surface (0 to 20 cm) varied in total Cu from 13 to 1659, 135 to 1745, and 81 to 1063 μg/g at sites A, B and C, respectively, due to applications of CuSO₄.5H₂O made at three rates in 1978, at sites A and B, and in 1979 at site C. Neither the rates of Cu application nor total soil Cu influenced yields. High levels of residual Cu increased the levels of Cu in straw at sites A and B, and in grain at site C. However, even the highest levels of Cu in straw and grains, were below the 20 μg/g which is often considered to be the threshold of Cu phytotoxicity. Data on the levels of other nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Mo and S) in the tops and roots of oats generally revealed no significantly adverse effects of the Cu applications or total accumulated Cu in the three soils.