香石竹蕾期催花技术研究

[目的]研究香石竹的蕾期催花技术。[方法]采用正交设计方法,考察品种、采收阶段、蔗糖、AgNO3、8-HQC对香石竹蕾期催花和瓶插时间的影响。[结果]试验表明:采收阶段是影响香石竹切花时间长短的主要因素,蔗糖、AgNO3、8-HQC对催花均有明显的影响。通过比较得出催花最佳组合为:金边粉+花瓣伸出花萼0.5~1.0cm+12%蔗糖+15 mg/kg AgNO3+250 mg/kg 8-HQC。各因素影响催花效果的顺序依次为:采收阶段>AgNO3>8-HQC>蔗糖>品种。通过瓶插试验得出催花后最佳瓶插组合为:绿芙人+花瓣伸出花萼0.5~1.0 cm+9%蔗糖+20 mg/kg AgNO3+150 mg/kg8-HQC。[结论]从整体效果来看,绿芙人催花效果较好。     

BA、NAA在柽柳离体快繁中的应用

[目的]研究BA、NAA对柽柳丛生芽的诱导、增殖和不定根形成的影响。[方法]将柽柳嫩枝条切成1.5～2.0 cm的小段,接种于诱导培养基MS＋BA 0～6.00 mg/L＋NAA 0～0.50 mg/L上诱导不定芽。[结果]BA、NAA浓度为0时,99%的外植体都在基部茎节产生了1～2条长度为1～5 cm的白色根,侧根稀疏,但均无丛生芽产生,枝叶生长不良。BA浓度为2.00 mg/L、NAA浓度为0 mg/L时最适合诱导不定芽。NAA浓度不变时,随着BA浓度的增加,柽柳丛生芽发生提前,增殖系数也逐渐升高,但茎的分化逐渐受到抑制。MS＋BA 0.50 mg/L＋NAA 0.01 mg/L适合丛生芽增殖。NAA浓度为0.50和1.00 mg/L时,主侧根发生不明显,并且在无根苗基部有愈伤组织产生。采用MS培养基进行柽柳生根培养时,NAA的适宜添加浓度为0.05 mg/L。[结论]该研究为柽柳的组织培养提供了试验依据。     

EGCG溶液浓度与酸碱度对黄壤Al、Fe和Mn形态的影响

植物多酚可通过络合作用改变元素的存在形态。采用双因素完全随机试验设计,通过浸提试验研究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸脂(EGCG)溶液浓度、酸碱度、浓度与酸碱度互作对黄壤可溶态、游离态、无定形态和络合态铝(Al)、铁(Fe)和锰(Mn)的影响。结果表明:EGCG溶液浓度对黄壤可溶态和络合态Al、Fe、Mn及无定形态Al、Fe均产生极显著影响,EGCG溶液酸碱度对黄壤可溶态及无定形态Al、Fe、Mn均产生显著或极显著影响,EGCG溶液浓度与酸碱度对黄壤可溶态Al、Fe、Mn,无定形态和络合态Al也有极显著或显著的互作效应。相关分析结果显示,土壤中3种元素的无定形态氧化物含量与对应的可溶态氧化物含量呈显著或极显著负相关,表明EGCG溶液主要通过改变氧化物形态,特别是无定形态氧化物含量,影响元素活化,进而改变其可溶态含量;Al和Mn的活化会使土壤滤液pH降低,在pH降低幅度较大时,可能导致土壤酸化。本试验一方面为研究酸性茶园土壤酸化的来源提供了方向,另一方面也可为植物Al/Mn毒害的防治提供参考,但在利用植物多酚类物质防治土壤Al/Mn毒害的同时要处理好土壤酸化与治理毒害的关系。     

血桐提取液浓度对圣女果保鲜效果的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度血桐提取液对圣女果的保鲜效果。[方法]以圣女果为材料,分别将其在室温条件下自然存放、保鲜膜密封存放和不同浓度血桐提取液（0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、5.0%）浸泡5min后自然晾干存放,存放过程中观察其表观变化,并测定其pH值、Vc和总糖含量及失重的变化。[结果]存放过程中,自然存放组好果率呈下降趋势,存放6d时好果率为92.4%,存放14d时好果率为72.3%。血桐提取液处理组的好果率均高于自然存放组,其中2.0%血桐提取液处理组好果率最高,存放14d时好果率仍为89.8%,高于其他处理;同时,该处理组圣女果的其他测定值随时间的变化均较小。[结论]2.0%血桐提取液对圣女果具有较好的保鲜效果。     

Effects of adjuvants on deposition efficiency of fenhexamid sprays applied to Chardonnay grapevine foliage

Adequate spray deposition on susceptible grapevine tissue is an essential requirement for effective chemical control of economically important diseases, such as grey mould, powdery mildew and downy mildew. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of some agricultural adjuvants to improve foliar spray deposition. Deposition quantity and quality was assessed by means of a spray assessment protocol using fluorometry, photomicrography and digital image analyses. The visual droplet rating technique developed by G Furness, Australia, was also included in initial assessments. Both assessment protocols showed that spray deposition quantity increased with increasing spray volume applications of 27 l ha⁻¹ to 581 l ha⁻¹ with a motorised backpack mistblower, but decreased at 698 l ha⁻¹, possibly due to run-off. Addition of selected spray adjuvants at 526 l ha⁻¹ volume demonstrated improved deposition quantity and quality. Agral 90 (ethoxylated alkylphenol), BB5 (acidifier), Nu-film-P (terpene oil), and Solitaire (silicone/plant oil) significantly improved deposition on upper and lower leaf surfaces compared with the fenhexamid-only and water sprayed control. Break-thru S240 (organosilicone) and Villa 51 (alkylpolyethylene glycol ether) did not improve deposition quantity, although remarkably better deposition quality was obtained. An adjuvant concentration effect (within the registered concentration range) was evident at spray volumes of 502 l ha⁻¹, especially those retained on the upper leaf surfaces. Agral 90 and Nu-film-P effected significant improvement of spray deposition at the higher concentrations (18 ml and 50 ml hl⁻¹, respectively), but not at the lower concentrations (6 ml and 20 ml hl⁻¹, respectively). Solitaire improved deposition at the lower concentration tested (50 ml hl⁻¹), whereas reduced deposition at the higher concentration (100 ml per hl⁻¹) was attributed to excessive spray run-off. No significant improvement of spray deposition was observed for both concentrations tested with Villa 51 (50 and 100 ml hl⁻¹). Spray mixtures with adjuvants Agral 90 and Solitaire yielded similar deposition values at 500 l ha⁻¹ compared with the fenhexamid-only control at 720 l ha⁻¹, but reduced deposition at the higher spray volume, possibly due to spray run-off. This study clearly demonstrated the potential of adjuvants to improve deposition quantity and quality, but highlights the necessity to match adjuvant concentrations and application volumes on the spray target to achieve maximum spray deposition.     

蛋鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度的变化规律及其选择效应研究

以雅发祖代种鸡为研究材料．用比浊法测定鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）浓度．试验结果表明，母鸡血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度随鸡周龄的增大而持续增加．产蛋期个体间血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度的变异系数为１５％～６９％，２９周龄母鸡血浆ＶＤＬ浓度的遗传力为０．２４．血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度与腹脂重、腹胀率、肝脂含量均呈正表型相关趋势．２９周龄血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度与产蛋前期产蛋量、１８周龄体重、开产日龄、蛋黄重、蛋黄比例、蛋黄蛋白比例的遗传相关系数分别是０．２７，０．３８，－０．３３，０．２３，０．２５，０．２２．     

南京市花粉浓度变化规律及预报方法研究

在花粉观测和气象观测资料的基础上,分析了南京地区花粉季节变化规律和日变化规律,以及南京地区不同种类花粉的季节分布特点,发现南京地区花粉分布呈单峰型分布,具有很强的周期性和季节性。3月中旬起,花粉数量迅速增多,到4月中旬达到顶峰,此后缓慢下降,但起伏较大。同时,根据同期气象条件分析了气象因子(温度、湿度、降水、风速)对花粉浓度的影响,建立了花粉浓度预报方程:Y=0.703X1+0.005X2+0.005X3+0.452。其中,Y为花粉浓度预报值;X1为前一日花粉实况;X2为气压差;X3为温度差。     

不同pH值和重金属浓度对水花生生根的影响

研究不同pH值和不同重金属浓度对水花生生根情况的影响。试验表明,水花生的适应性很强,在pH值为2~13范围内的溶液中均可生根。总体而言,水花生在碱性溶液中比在酸性溶液中生根情况好,当pH值在8.85左右时生根情况最好,根长为26.2 mm,根数为60根以上。随着重金属离子浓度升高,其对水花生生根的抑制作用加大,但不同重金属离子对水花生的生根影响不同。当溶液中Pb2+浓度在10 mg/L左右时,水花生生长最好,根长达22.3 mm,根数达37根;当溶液中Cr3+浓度在5 mg/L以下时,水花生生长最好,根长为39.0 mm左右,根数为40根以上。     

温度对考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质浓度的影响（英文）

[目的]研究温度在考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质过程中的影响,为准确测定蛋白质浓度提供建议和指导。[方法]通过考马斯亮蓝法测定在不同温度和孵育时间下对已知不同浓度的牛血清蛋白的影响。[结果]在0~100 mg/ml蛋白质浓度标准曲线测定范围内,室温20℃孵育20~30 min时测定的蛋白质浓度比较稳定。同时蛋白质浓度越高,考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质浓度过程中对各种因素影响的抵御能力越强。[结论]采用考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质浓度时,环境温度、待测样品浓度以及染料与蛋白质孵育时间等是决定实验结果准确性的重要因子。     

锯末木醋液对玉米种子萌发及幼苗影响的研究

The seeds of corn were socked in wood vinegar with different concentrations,aiming at researching the effect of wood vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth.The results showed that all treatments had obvious effect on the seed germination percentage,the seed germinating energy and the germinating index,and had effect on the seedling length.The regress curses were CUBICS.The every treatment also created effect on the germinating time and regular.It showed that all treatments had obvious effect on the seedling length and above ground dry weight F>F_0.05,F>F_0.01,but no obvious effect on the chlorophyll and root dry weight.