2006-2010年夏季青海湖浮游植物研究

2006-2010年夏季对青海湖14个采样点浮游植物的种类组成和生物量进行了调查.共发现浮游植物5门29属34种,其中硅藻门14属18种,蓝藻门4属4种,绿藻门8属8种,裸藻门2属2种,甲藻门1属1种.硅藻门是种类组成上最重要的类群.斯潘塞布纹藻Gyrosigma spenceri、尖布纹藻G.acuminatum、梅...     

水中丝状藻类有害藻华的形成与对策

文章通过对常见丝状藻类及其形成藻华形态的描述,综述丝状藻藻华的形成条件及危害,说明各种水体中控制丝状藻藻华的必要性和紧迫性,概述了常见控制藻类药物和药物的致毒机理,为丝状藻类及其藻华的控制提供参考。     

Isolation of infectious microalga Prototheca wickerhamii from a carp (Cyprinus carpio) – a first confirmed case report of protothecosis in a fish

Protothecosis is a rare infection caused by environmentally ubiquitous achlorophyllic microalgae of the genus Prototheca. Here, we describe a first case of protothecosis in a carp (Cyprinus carpio), which is at the same time the first case of protothecosis in a fish, confirmed by phenotype‐ and molecular‐based methods, including PCR sequencing of the rDNA cluster and protein profiling using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.     

Changes in the nutritional parameters of muscles of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) following environmental exposure to cyanobacterial water bloom

The present study evaluated the effect of naturally developing cyanobacteria on the composition of muscles of two commercially important freshwater fish species. Fish were exposed to cyanobacterial biomass including Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis ichthyoblabe for 4 weeks. Then, they were transferred to dechlorinated potable water without any cyanobacteria for another 4-week period, thus modelling their preparation for consumers. Samples of muscles were collected every week during exposure and subsequent stay in dechlorinated potable water. The cyanobacterial water bloom of 3.9–6 × 10⁵ cells mL⁻¹ (133–383 μg g⁻¹ of total MC DW) induced statistically significant effects only in the content of fatty acids ( P <0.05; P <0.01) in the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), while all studied parameters including the content of dry matter and fat ( P <0.01), proteins ( P <0.05), fatty acid composition ( P <0.05; P <0.01) and some amino acids ( P <0.05) were affected in the silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ). This study has shown that cyanobacteria in the environment of commercially produced fish may decrease the dietetic value of fish muscles.     

陕西瀛湖富营养化特征与控制对策

陕西省安康市境内的瀛湖是南水北调中线工程丹江口水库的重要水源地,随着社会经济的发展和人类活动的加剧,2001年开始出现水华。为保护其水生态环境,依据2015年实测数据,采用综合营养指数法对瀛湖水体进行营养状态评价。结果表明:(1)瀛湖目前年均综合营养指数为43.78,整体上处于中营养水平,总磷、总氮和叶绿素a对综合营养指数的贡献率最大,合计达到78.34%;(2)瀛湖水体TP和TN浓度分别为0.2 mg/L和1.2 mg/L,从营养盐水平上看,已处于富营养化状态,存在暴发大面积水华的风险;(3)瀛湖各采样点的综合营养状态指数在39.58~46.31,相差不大,总氮、总磷的营养指数在整个湖区也比较均匀,表明总氮和总磷污染物来自安康市汉滨区以上更为上游的汉江流域;(4)基于瀛湖的生态特点,结合当地社会经济发展状况,建议瀛湖选择适宜的渔业发展模式,形成健康的水生生态系统结构,探究瀛湖热分层规律,优化大坝水调度方案,实施全流域环境-经济协同管理战略,削减入湖污染物。     

电活性菌藻膜耦合虹吸曝气技术处理海水养殖废水

人工湿地耦合微生物燃料电池(constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell,CW-MFC)被广泛应用于低碳氮比水产养殖废水处理。然而,高盐度抑制限制了其在海水养殖废水处理中的应用。针对高盐抑制,该研究利用海水底泥和海洋微藻构建电活性菌藻生物膜并结合虹吸曝气技术强化CW-MFC处理海水养殖废水。相比CW-MFC,强化系统对化学需氧量、总磷、总氮、磺胺甲恶唑、Cu²⁺的去除率分别提高33.46%,31.07%、25.64%、12.03%、24.25%。高通量测序显示,硝化和反硝化细菌Marinobacter、Muricauda、Xanthomarina生长状况良好;在MFC阳极和电活性菌藻生物膜表面,胞外呼细菌Geobacteraceae和Pseudomonas以及海洋微藻细菌Pseudooceanicola和Hoeflea被显著富集。研究结果表明,电活性菌藻生物膜耦合虹吸曝气技术可以有效提高CW-MFC系统处理海水养殖废水的效能。     

Vc、β-葡聚糖和藻粉对中国对虾幼虾生长、成活率及免疫酶活性的影响

在中国对虾幼虾的基础饲料中分别添加不同剂量的维生素C(0、0.015%、0.030%、0.045%、0.060%)、β-葡聚糖(0、0.050%、0.075%、0.100%)和藻粉(0、2%、5%、7%),未添加组为对照组,探讨维生素C(Vc)、β-葡聚糖和藻粉对中国对虾幼虾成活率、相对增长(重)率及肌肉酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、溶菌酶(LSZ)活性的影响。室内网箱饲养40 d试验结果表明,饲料中添加Vc后,0.030%组幼虾相对增重率和CAT活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.045%组ACP、CAT活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但Vc对SOD活性没有显著性影响,0.015%组LSZ活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);0.075%β-葡聚糖组的相对增重率、SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加7%藻粉能极显著提高相对增长(重)率(P<0.01),但ACP和LSZ活性呈极显著下降(P<0.01),添加5%藻粉能显著提高CAT活性(P<0.05)。     

抗菌药联用对海藻希瓦菌的体外抗菌效果

为评价硫酸庆大霉素和头孢噻肟钠对水产致病性海藻希瓦菌SFH3的体外联合抗菌效果,以6种渔用抗菌药作为对照,比较测定硫酸庆大霉素、头孢噻肟钠对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的体外抗菌作用,在此基础上进一步采用试管二倍稀释法测定分析硫酸庆大霉素和头孢噻肟钠在不同复配比例下对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的体外联合抑菌作用,并通过时间-杀菌曲线法测定其体外联合杀菌效果。试验结果显示,硫酸庆大霉素和头孢噻肟钠对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的最小抑菌质量浓度为80 mg/L和160 mg/L,抗菌活性明显优于甲砜霉素、多西环素、噁喹酸、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠、磺胺甲噁唑、盐酸恩诺沙星等渔用抗菌药。硫酸庆大霉素和头孢噻肟钠在复配比例8∶2和7∶3时,对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的体外联合抑菌效果表现为协同作用,对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的最小抑菌质量浓度达40 mg/L。此外,时间-杀菌曲线表明,40 mg/L硫酸庆大霉素和80 mg/L头孢噻肟钠对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的体外联合杀菌作用表现为协同效果。本研究结果证实,硫酸庆大霉素和头孢噻肟钠联用有利于提升对海藻希瓦菌SFH3的体外抗菌效果,可为研发水产致病性海藻希瓦菌的潜在控制药物提供理论参考。