饥饿和补偿生长对史氏鲟幼鱼摄食、生长和体成分的影响

报道了饥饿和再投喂对史氏鲟幼鱼摄食、生长以及生化组成的影响.22±2℃条件下,随着饥饿时间延长,幼鱼白肌的RNA/DNA比值不断减小,体重逐渐下降,后者与同期对照组之间存在极显著性差异(P<0.01).饥饿7d,鱼的肝糖原和肌糖原含量显著降低(P<0.05),但随着饥饿时间的延长,肝糖原和肌糖原含量则出现不同程度的回升;脂肪含量和蛋白质含量分别在饥饿14d和21d时下降幅度最大,提示史氏鲟幼鱼动用储存物质的顺序依次是糖原、脂肪和蛋白质.而饥饿过程中鱼体水分和灰分含量则有所上升.恢复投食后,饥饿幼鱼的摄食强度增大,生长加快,其中7d、14d饥饿组幼鱼的RNA/DNA比值达到或接近正常投喂组水平,但21d饥饿组的比值仍明显低于正常投喂组(P<0.05).恢复投食30d后,7d和14d饥饿组幼鱼体重接近对照组(P>0.05),21d饥饿组的终体重未能赶上对照组(P<0.05),这表明史氏鲟幼鱼的补偿生长随饥饿时间不同而异.试验结束时,各处理组鱼体生化组成与正常投喂组没有显著差异(P>0.05).     

In vitro steroidogenesis by gonads of the Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt

Ovaries and testes from the Russian sturgeon at different stages of sexual maturity were incubated with ;sup3;H-androstenedione or ³H-pregnenolone. The major metabolites of androstenedione in both sexes were testosterone and 5- and 5ß-androstanediols, but no evidence was found for the gonadal production of 11-oxygenated androgens. Pregnenolone was converted to 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and testosterone together with reduced metabolites. 11-Oxygenated androgens were found in female serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), in serum of both sexes by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and was detectable by RIA in interrenal but not gonadal tissue. The results suggest that sturgeon may differ from teleosts in that 11-oxygenation may take place in extragonadal tissues.     

施氏鲟仔鱼眼的组织学观察

对施氏鲟仔鱼的眼球进行组织学观察,发现其眼球结构由外至内分为角膜—巩膜层、虹膜—脉络膜层、晶状体及视网膜层。其未发现脉络腺,且有眼柄；未发现参与晶状体调节的平滑肌,并有类似镰状突的特殊结构；同时施氏鲟仔鱼的视网膜中只有视杆细胞和单视锥细胞,这些结构特征不同于软骨鱼,也与大部分硬骨鱼有差异。     

池塘放养密度对施氏鲟幼鱼生长、摄食和肌肉组分的影响

在水温为14 ～ 17℃条件下,将大规格施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii幼鱼（225.69 g±32.28 g）随机放入9个四边形水泥池（池底面积为18.23 m2）中流水饲养,分别设置5.5、8.0、11.0 kg/m3 3个放养密度组,每组设3个平行,养殖试验共进行70 d,观察并研究放养密度对施氏鲟幼鱼生长、摄食和肌肉组分的影响.结果表明：施氏鲟幼鱼的终末体质量、特定生长率、日增重和摄食率等均随养殖密度的增大而显著降低（P＜0.05）,饲料系数随养殖密度的增大而显著升高（P＜0.05）,密度为8.0 kg/m3的组生长效率最高;肌肉中的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量随养殖密度的增大而显著降低（P＜0.05）,雨水分和灰分含量的变化不明显（P＞0.05）;试验期间,水体中的溶解氧浓度随养殖密度的增大显著降低（P＜0.05）,而氨氮和化学耗氧量浓度则随养殖密度的增大而显著升高（P＜0.05）.研究表明,8.0 kg/m3的放养密度更适合大规格施氏鲟幼鱼的养殖,过高的放养密度会对施氏鲟幼鱼生长及其肌肉品质产生不利影响.     

Morphological studies of peripheral blood cells of the Chinese sturgeon, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acipenser sinensis</Emphasis>

The peripheral blood cells of one-year-old Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) have been studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The erythrocyte count was 84.86 × 10⁴ cell mm⁻³ in the peripheral blood of the fish and that of leukocytes was 2.24 × 10⁴ cell mm⁻³. The erythrocytes and four main types of leucocyte—thrombocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes (including neutrophils and eosinophils), and monocytes, were identified in the peripheral blood. In addition to normal erythrocytes, reticulocytes and division of erythrocytes were observed. Thrombocytes were the most numerous among the leukocytes, and the number of neutrophils with lobated nuclei was larger than for other fish. The structures of the erythrocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and thrombocytes of the fish were studied. The erythrocytes were almost completely devoid of organelles, except for some mitochondria and granules. A large number of vacuoles and a few organelles were observed in cytoplasm of the monocytes. There were many microvilli on the membrane and pseudopodia-like cytoplasm bulge in the lymphocytes. The neutrophils were round or oval in shape with bilobed, trilobed, or multilobed nuclei whereas the eosinophils had big special granules, dark stained. There were many vesicles in some thrombocytes, which were related to its phagocytosis; some thrombocytes had almost no cytoplasm or organelles.     

西伯利亚鲟消化道形态学和组织学的初步研究

对人工养殖2龄西伯利亚鲟消化道的形态解剖学和显微组织学结构进行了观察。研究结果表明,西伯利亚鲟的消化道从前至后分为口咽腔、食道、胃、幽门盲囊、十二指肠、瓣肠和直肠,食道与胃的分界不明显,形成一个"食道-胃过渡区",胃分为贲门部、胃体部和幽门部。组织学研究显示:西伯利亚鲟的消化道由内向外一般分为粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜四层。其中食道粘膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,含杯状细胞和粘液细胞。"食道-胃过渡区"已有腺体存在。胃上皮细胞为单层柱状上皮细胞,无杯状细胞,胃的粘膜表面有许多上皮凹陷形成的胃小凹,幽门部的胃小凹较贲门部和胃体部深;贲门部和胃体部中含有大量的胃腺,幽门部无胃腺。幽门盲囊的管腔内被向内深入的肌层分割成许多完全或不完全的囊腔;粘膜褶皱和褶皱上的绒毛纵横交错,形成网状。肠上皮均为单层柱状上皮,上皮细胞间分布有大量的杯状细胞;粘膜褶皱的高度和数量、杯状细胞的数量从前至后递减:十二指肠粘膜褶皱细而高,上有许多绒毛;瓣肠粘膜和粘膜下层向管腔内突出并卷曲,形成螺旋瓣;直肠的粘膜褶皱矮且宽。     

Effects of dietary lipids on the fatty acid composition of triglycerides and phospholipids in tissues of white sturgeon

Eight purified diets were fed to juvenile white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Rick, for 9 weeks to investigate the effect of dietary lipids on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides from muscle, liver and brain. The diets contained 150 g kg^?1 of oils from canola, corn, cod liver, lard, linseed, soybean, safflower, or a control mixture (corn oil/cod liver oil/lard, 1:1:1, by wt). Dietary lipids significantly (P≤ 05) affected the composition of tissue triglycerides and phospholipids. Tissue triglyceride fatty acid composition ranged widely, in parallel with the dietary lipids, while phospholipids changes were more conservative. Brain phospholipid fatty acid composition was less responsive to diet compared with that in muscle and liver. Considerable amounts of n-6 and n-3 long chain polyun-saturated fatty acids (> C₂₀) were found in triglycerides and phospholipids with all diets, demonstrating that white sturgeon can desaturate and elongate linoleic acid (18:2n–6) and linolenic acid (18:3n–3). Further, the products of the Δ6 desaturase, i.e. 18:3 n–6 and 18:4n–3, were relatively abundant in triglyceride, suggesting that the Δ6 desaturase might not be a limiting step in the process in white sturgeon. Nevertheless, accumulation of both EPA and DHA was greater in the sturgeon fed fish oil than those fed linseed oil, indicating that muscle triglyceride EPA and DHA levels are best enhanced by diets rich in preformed EPA and DHA.     

中华鲟幼鲟饲料中适宜动植物蛋白比的研究

按单因子梯度设计的原理 ,以鱼粉和豆粕作为蛋白源 ,设计出5种不同蛋白质水平的饲料配方 ,通过5周饲养试验和2周消化试验 ,以研究中华鲟幼鲟饲料中适宜的动植物蛋白比。结果表明 ,中华鲟饲料中动植物蛋白比为1:1时 ,幼鲟的生长就能达到较好的效果 ;当动植物蛋白比达3:1时 ,既能发挥中华鲟生长迅速的潜力 ,又可获得良好的经济效益     

史氏鲟消化器官的分化对消化酶活性变化的影响

对1～10日龄(DPH)的史氏鲟仔鱼消化道发育进行了组织学观察和消化酶活性的测定.结果表明,史氏鲟仔鱼在内源营养期,消化酶活性变化的总趋势是随着消化道的逐步发育而逐渐增强,但随着不同消化组织器官的分化,各种酶活性变化有各自特点.另外,3种消化酶出现活性的先后顺序为蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶.     

鲟鱼细菌性败血症的诊断初报

河南省信阳市和厚特种水产养殖场 2 0 0 0年 9月发生俄罗斯鲟、杂交鲟大量发病 ,经临床观察、病理检查及病原体分离培养等 ,确定鲟鱼细菌性败血症是由嗜水气单胞菌所引发。分离菌株对多种抗菌药敏感 ;毒力试验表明 ,分离菌株对小白鼠的MLD为 2 0亿细菌 ,用抗菌药物拌饵投喂 ,结合消毒换水 ,有效地控制了该病